Wind erosion is a major cause of land desertification and sandstorm formation in arid and semi-arid areas.The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of soybeans crude extract induced calcium carbonate p...Wind erosion is a major cause of land desertification and sandstorm formation in arid and semi-arid areas.The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of soybeans crude extract induced calcium carbonate precipitation(SICP)on reducing wind erosion risk of sandy soil.Field tests were carried out in Ulan Buh Desert,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.Results showed that the SICP method could significantly enhance the surface strength and wind erosion resistance of the topsoil.The optimal cementation solution(urea-CaCl2)concentration and spraying volume,according to experiments conducted on sandy land,were 0.2 mol/L and 4 L/m^2,respectively.Under this condition,the CaCO3 content was approximately 0.45%,the surface strength of sandy soil could reach 306.2 kPa,and the depth of wind erosion was approximately zero,after 30 d completion of SICP treatment.Soil surface strength declined with the increase of time,and long-term sand fixation effects of SICP treatment varied depending on topography.Whereas wind erosion in the top area of the windward slope was remarkable,sandy soils on the bottom area of the windward slope still maintained a relatively high level of surface strength and a low degree of wind erosion 12 month after SICP treatment.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests with energy dispersive X-ray(EDX)confirmed the precipitation of CaCO3 and its bridge effect.These findings suggested that the SICP method is a promising candidate to protect sandy soil from wind erosion in desert areas.展开更多
The influences of pH value, electrolyte temperature and loading time on depositing calcium phosphate coating on pure titanium substrate by electrodeposition process were investigated. The process was carried out with ...The influences of pH value, electrolyte temperature and loading time on depositing calcium phosphate coating on pure titanium substrate by electrodeposition process were investigated. The process was carried out with an electrochemical work-station supplying a direct current power at potential of -0.8V （vs SCE）. The electrolyte consists of 7 mmol·L-1 CaCl2·2H2O, 3 mmol·L-1 Ca（H2PO4）2·H2O and 2.5% H2O2. NaOH and HCl solutions were used to adjust pH value. The deposited samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The comparison of the deposits obtained at lower and higher pH values demonstrates that the crystallization process at the interface is favoured by high pH value. With temperature increasing, the deposited hydroxyapatite is occasionally of plate-like shape, and the width and the length of the deposited calcium phosphates at 65 ℃ are larger than those at 55 ℃. Therefore, it is confirmed that the morphology and microstructure of electrochemically deposited calcium phosphates can be regulated. Additionally, the coating formed in electrolyte with H2O2 additive is homogeneous and the evolution of H2 bubble can be eliminated.展开更多
Kinetic parameters of the electrode reactions were measured by investigating steady-state current-potential behaviors. The Tafel slopes of cathodic and anodic processes are -0.113 8 V and -0.041 18 V, the anodic and c...Kinetic parameters of the electrode reactions were measured by investigating steady-state current-potential behaviors. The Tafel slopes of cathodic and anodic processes are -0.113 8 V and -0.041 18 V, the anodic and cathodic apparent transfer coefficients are 0.519 3 and 1.435 2, respectively, and the stoichiometric number of rate-deterrnining step is 1. The theoretical kinetics equation of electrode reaction was deduced, from which the dynamic parameters can be calculated as follows： the cathodic and anodic Tafel slopes are -0.118 V and -0.039 4 V, respectively, consisting with the experimental values, Finally, the correctness of the mechanism was further demonstrated using apparent transfer coefficient according to the electrochemical dynamic equation of multi-electron reaction.展开更多
Cristobalite aluminum phosphate (C-AlPO_4) coatings were prepared by a hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process on SiC-coated C/C composites. Phase compositions and microstructures of the as-prepared coatings w...Cristobalite aluminum phosphate (C-AlPO_4) coatings were prepared by a hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process on SiC-coated C/C composites. Phase compositions and microstructures of the as-prepared coatings were characterized by XRD and SEM analyses. The influence of deposition voltage on the phase, microstructure and antioxidation property of the cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings was investigated. Results show that the as-prepared coatings are composed of cristobalite aluminum phosphate crystallites. The thickness and density of cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings are improved with the increase of deposition voltage. The deposition amount and bonding strength of the cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings also increase with the increase of deposition voltage. The deposition mass per unit area of the coatings and the square root of the deposition time at different hydrothermal voltages satisfy linear relationship. The antioxidation property of the coated C/C composites is improved with the increase of deposition voltage. Compared with SiC coatings prepared by pack cementation, the multilayer coatings prepared by pack cementation with a later hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process exhibit better antioxidation property. The as-prepared multi-coatings can effectively protect C/C composites from oxidation in air at 1 773 K for 37 h with a mass loss rate of 0.53%.展开更多
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP),one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs),was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the se...Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP),one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs),was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently,the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d,generating two main degraded products:mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP,the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp.,the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp.,Hydrogenophaga sp.,Rhizobium sp.,and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.展开更多
基金Projects(51978244,51979088,51608169)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Wind erosion is a major cause of land desertification and sandstorm formation in arid and semi-arid areas.The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of soybeans crude extract induced calcium carbonate precipitation(SICP)on reducing wind erosion risk of sandy soil.Field tests were carried out in Ulan Buh Desert,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China.Results showed that the SICP method could significantly enhance the surface strength and wind erosion resistance of the topsoil.The optimal cementation solution(urea-CaCl2)concentration and spraying volume,according to experiments conducted on sandy land,were 0.2 mol/L and 4 L/m^2,respectively.Under this condition,the CaCO3 content was approximately 0.45%,the surface strength of sandy soil could reach 306.2 kPa,and the depth of wind erosion was approximately zero,after 30 d completion of SICP treatment.Soil surface strength declined with the increase of time,and long-term sand fixation effects of SICP treatment varied depending on topography.Whereas wind erosion in the top area of the windward slope was remarkable,sandy soils on the bottom area of the windward slope still maintained a relatively high level of surface strength and a low degree of wind erosion 12 month after SICP treatment.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)tests with energy dispersive X-ray(EDX)confirmed the precipitation of CaCO3 and its bridge effect.These findings suggested that the SICP method is a promising candidate to protect sandy soil from wind erosion in desert areas.
文摘The influences of pH value, electrolyte temperature and loading time on depositing calcium phosphate coating on pure titanium substrate by electrodeposition process were investigated. The process was carried out with an electrochemical work-station supplying a direct current power at potential of -0.8V （vs SCE）. The electrolyte consists of 7 mmol·L-1 CaCl2·2H2O, 3 mmol·L-1 Ca（H2PO4）2·H2O and 2.5% H2O2. NaOH and HCl solutions were used to adjust pH value. The deposited samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The comparison of the deposits obtained at lower and higher pH values demonstrates that the crystallization process at the interface is favoured by high pH value. With temperature increasing, the deposited hydroxyapatite is occasionally of plate-like shape, and the width and the length of the deposited calcium phosphates at 65 ℃ are larger than those at 55 ℃. Therefore, it is confirmed that the morphology and microstructure of electrochemically deposited calcium phosphates can be regulated. Additionally, the coating formed in electrolyte with H2O2 additive is homogeneous and the evolution of H2 bubble can be eliminated.
文摘Kinetic parameters of the electrode reactions were measured by investigating steady-state current-potential behaviors. The Tafel slopes of cathodic and anodic processes are -0.113 8 V and -0.041 18 V, the anodic and cathodic apparent transfer coefficients are 0.519 3 and 1.435 2, respectively, and the stoichiometric number of rate-deterrnining step is 1. The theoretical kinetics equation of electrode reaction was deduced, from which the dynamic parameters can be calculated as follows： the cathodic and anodic Tafel slopes are -0.118 V and -0.039 4 V, respectively, consisting with the experimental values, Finally, the correctness of the mechanism was further demonstrated using apparent transfer coefficient according to the electrochemical dynamic equation of multi-electron reaction.
基金Project(50772063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(NCET-06-0893) supported by the Foundation of New Century Excellent Talent in University of China+2 种基金 Project(20070708001) supported by the Doctorate Foundation of Ministry of Education of China Project(SJ08-ZT05) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, ChinaProject supported by the Graduate Innovation Fund of Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, China
文摘Cristobalite aluminum phosphate (C-AlPO_4) coatings were prepared by a hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process on SiC-coated C/C composites. Phase compositions and microstructures of the as-prepared coatings were characterized by XRD and SEM analyses. The influence of deposition voltage on the phase, microstructure and antioxidation property of the cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings was investigated. Results show that the as-prepared coatings are composed of cristobalite aluminum phosphate crystallites. The thickness and density of cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings are improved with the increase of deposition voltage. The deposition amount and bonding strength of the cristobalite aluminum phosphate coatings also increase with the increase of deposition voltage. The deposition mass per unit area of the coatings and the square root of the deposition time at different hydrothermal voltages satisfy linear relationship. The antioxidation property of the coated C/C composites is improved with the increase of deposition voltage. Compared with SiC coatings prepared by pack cementation, the multilayer coatings prepared by pack cementation with a later hydrothermal electrophoretic deposition process exhibit better antioxidation property. The as-prepared multi-coatings can effectively protect C/C composites from oxidation in air at 1 773 K for 37 h with a mass loss rate of 0.53%.
基金Project(50621063) supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-06-0691) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University
文摘Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP),one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs),was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently,the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded after merely 3 d,generating two main degraded products:mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month enrichment period under the pressure of DBP,the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp.,the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp.,Hydrogenophaga sp.,Rhizobium sp.,and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment.
