大坝监测效应量作为一种随机变量,采用以极值理论为基础的POT(Peaks over Threshold)模型研究监测效应量的监控指标是合适的,但现有的POT模型的阈值确定以图形法为主,需要人工判断,主观性和随意性较大,且难以实现计算机自动化识别。通...大坝监测效应量作为一种随机变量,采用以极值理论为基础的POT(Peaks over Threshold)模型研究监测效应量的监控指标是合适的,但现有的POT模型的阈值确定以图形法为主,需要人工判断,主观性和随意性较大,且难以实现计算机自动化识别。通过构建阈值递增序列,计算不同阈值Tj条件下相应的监控指标,然后利用概率论中的3σ准则,以监控指标危险值与警戒值的差值△j趋近于测值序列标准差S作为确定最合理阈值的原则,提出了一种改进的阈值确定方法,并给出了一个验证实例。改进方法理论基础明确,有效地克服了图形法的主观性和随机误差,且能采用计算机程序实现最合理阈值的自动识别,增强了POT模型法拟定大坝安全监控指标的实用性。展开更多
为获得高层建筑围护结构设计风荷载,通常需要考虑其表面风压系数的概率特征,进而进行极值估计。针对当前基于超越阈值模型的风压系数极值估计方法存在阈值选取困难,需要较大样本的不足,基于高层建筑标准模型进行风洞试验,首先研究其表...为获得高层建筑围护结构设计风荷载,通常需要考虑其表面风压系数的概率特征,进而进行极值估计。针对当前基于超越阈值模型的风压系数极值估计方法存在阈值选取困难,需要较大样本的不足,基于高层建筑标准模型进行风洞试验,首先研究其表面风压系数的概率特征,结果表明迎风区测点接近高斯分布,分离区测点风压系数母体接近Gamma分布,风压系数极小值接近GEV(general extreme value,GEV)分布;提出一种改进的POT(peak over threshold,POT)极值估计方法进行表面风压系数极值估计,进而与几种传统极值估计方法进行对比,结果表明改进POT极值估计方法可实现小样本的风压系数极值估计,其估计结果与大样本容量的标准极值偏差小于5%,且稳定性较好;最后给出了标准高层建筑模型表面极值风压系数。展开更多
Using the data obtained from sample plots of Phyllostachys pubescens, the dynamic model of energy flow of Phyllostachys pubescens ecosystem was built in this paper.Based on the model,the analysis of energy flow was co...Using the data obtained from sample plots of Phyllostachys pubescens, the dynamic model of energy flow of Phyllostachys pubescens ecosystem was built in this paper.Based on the model,the analysis of energy flow was combined organically with the methods of economical threshold, the concept of economical threshold of energy flow of Phyllostachys pubescen ecosystem (EET) was put forward,and the effect of compensation and super compensation were discussed furthermore.The results showed that the economical threshold of energy flow of Phyllostachys pubescens ecosystem were: EET leaf =0.3133· x 3,EET branch =0.2440· x 1 (where x 1 and x 3 represent energy of leave and branches respectively) ;the effect of compensation and super compensation existed in Phyllostachys pubescens, and the compensation point and super compensation point of Phyllostachys pubescens were 31.33%,13.61% (expressed in defoliation rate)and 24.40%,11.94% (expressed in branch cut rate)respectively.Therefor,this paper will not only enrich the study of energy ecology in the Phyllostachys pubescens ecosystem,but also provide a scientific basis for the management of Phyllostachys pubescens.展开更多
文摘大坝监测效应量作为一种随机变量,采用以极值理论为基础的POT(Peaks over Threshold)模型研究监测效应量的监控指标是合适的,但现有的POT模型的阈值确定以图形法为主,需要人工判断,主观性和随意性较大,且难以实现计算机自动化识别。通过构建阈值递增序列,计算不同阈值Tj条件下相应的监控指标,然后利用概率论中的3σ准则,以监控指标危险值与警戒值的差值△j趋近于测值序列标准差S作为确定最合理阈值的原则,提出了一种改进的阈值确定方法,并给出了一个验证实例。改进方法理论基础明确,有效地克服了图形法的主观性和随机误差,且能采用计算机程序实现最合理阈值的自动识别,增强了POT模型法拟定大坝安全监控指标的实用性。
文摘为获得高层建筑围护结构设计风荷载,通常需要考虑其表面风压系数的概率特征,进而进行极值估计。针对当前基于超越阈值模型的风压系数极值估计方法存在阈值选取困难,需要较大样本的不足,基于高层建筑标准模型进行风洞试验,首先研究其表面风压系数的概率特征,结果表明迎风区测点接近高斯分布,分离区测点风压系数母体接近Gamma分布,风压系数极小值接近GEV(general extreme value,GEV)分布;提出一种改进的POT(peak over threshold,POT)极值估计方法进行表面风压系数极值估计,进而与几种传统极值估计方法进行对比,结果表明改进POT极值估计方法可实现小样本的风压系数极值估计,其估计结果与大样本容量的标准极值偏差小于5%,且稳定性较好;最后给出了标准高层建筑模型表面极值风压系数。
文摘Using the data obtained from sample plots of Phyllostachys pubescens, the dynamic model of energy flow of Phyllostachys pubescens ecosystem was built in this paper.Based on the model,the analysis of energy flow was combined organically with the methods of economical threshold, the concept of economical threshold of energy flow of Phyllostachys pubescen ecosystem (EET) was put forward,and the effect of compensation and super compensation were discussed furthermore.The results showed that the economical threshold of energy flow of Phyllostachys pubescens ecosystem were: EET leaf =0.3133· x 3,EET branch =0.2440· x 1 (where x 1 and x 3 represent energy of leave and branches respectively) ;the effect of compensation and super compensation existed in Phyllostachys pubescens, and the compensation point and super compensation point of Phyllostachys pubescens were 31.33%,13.61% (expressed in defoliation rate)and 24.40%,11.94% (expressed in branch cut rate)respectively.Therefor,this paper will not only enrich the study of energy ecology in the Phyllostachys pubescens ecosystem,but also provide a scientific basis for the management of Phyllostachys pubescens.
