六十年代以来,TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language)成为美国各大学招收非英语民族留学生入学考试的主要内容之一。为了帮助学生准备TOEFL考试,美国的一些出版机构近年来编印了多种TOEFL考试指南和试题样本。1978年纽约Arco公...六十年代以来,TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language)成为美国各大学招收非英语民族留学生入学考试的主要内容之一。为了帮助学生准备TOEFL考试,美国的一些出版机构近年来编印了多种TOEFL考试指南和试题样本。1978年纽约Arco公司出版的由H.N.Moreno,E.H.Barbin和C.V.Cordes编写的The New Edition TOEFL就是目前比较流行的一种。本书(以下简称TOEFL)在试题集及其答案之后附了Glossary of Current Usage,对考试中出现的习惯用法的错误进行分析,对考生有一定的帮助。不过,在一些问题上,编者在英语惯用法方面采取了相当保守的态度,有好些早已得到公认的用法被斥之为错误,这是我们在教学和写作中应该加以注意的。本文拟摘取数例,参考英美出版的词典,进行对照分析。展开更多
In order to improve the reliability of the design and calculation of single piles under the combined vertical and lateral loads, the solutions were presented based on the subgrade reaction method, in which the ultimat...In order to improve the reliability of the design and calculation of single piles under the combined vertical and lateral loads, the solutions were presented based on the subgrade reaction method, in which the ultimate soil resistance was considered and the coefficient of subgrade reaction was assumed to be a constant. The corresponding computational program was developed using FORTRAN language. A comparison between the obtained solutions and the model test results was made to show the validity of the obtained solutions. The calculation results indicate that both the maximum lateral displacement and bending moment increase with the increase of the vertical and lateral loads and the pile length above ground, while decrease as the pile stiffness, the coefficient of subgrade reaction and the yielding displacement of soil increase. It is also shown that the pile head condition controls the pile responses and the vertical load may cause the instability problem to the pile. In general, the proposed method can be employed to calculate the pile responses independent of the magnitude of the pile deflection.展开更多
文摘六十年代以来,TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language)成为美国各大学招收非英语民族留学生入学考试的主要内容之一。为了帮助学生准备TOEFL考试,美国的一些出版机构近年来编印了多种TOEFL考试指南和试题样本。1978年纽约Arco公司出版的由H.N.Moreno,E.H.Barbin和C.V.Cordes编写的The New Edition TOEFL就是目前比较流行的一种。本书(以下简称TOEFL)在试题集及其答案之后附了Glossary of Current Usage,对考试中出现的习惯用法的错误进行分析,对考生有一定的帮助。不过,在一些问题上,编者在英语惯用法方面采取了相当保守的态度,有好些早已得到公认的用法被斥之为错误,这是我们在教学和写作中应该加以注意的。本文拟摘取数例,参考英美出版的词典,进行对照分析。
基金Foundation item： Projects（50708093, 50808159） supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to improve the reliability of the design and calculation of single piles under the combined vertical and lateral loads, the solutions were presented based on the subgrade reaction method, in which the ultimate soil resistance was considered and the coefficient of subgrade reaction was assumed to be a constant. The corresponding computational program was developed using FORTRAN language. A comparison between the obtained solutions and the model test results was made to show the validity of the obtained solutions. The calculation results indicate that both the maximum lateral displacement and bending moment increase with the increase of the vertical and lateral loads and the pile length above ground, while decrease as the pile stiffness, the coefficient of subgrade reaction and the yielding displacement of soil increase. It is also shown that the pile head condition controls the pile responses and the vertical load may cause the instability problem to the pile. In general, the proposed method can be employed to calculate the pile responses independent of the magnitude of the pile deflection.
