希腊人对官厅会计的贡献是巨大的、多方面的,在审计制度方面同样取得了卓越的成就。当时雅典财政组织中的审计机构是审计局,(Board of Audit),主要任务是制订有关审计的规定,严格审查和承认各官员编制的计算书,特别是由政府的会计师编...希腊人对官厅会计的贡献是巨大的、多方面的,在审计制度方面同样取得了卓越的成就。当时雅典财政组织中的审计机构是审计局,(Board of Audit),主要任务是制订有关审计的规定,严格审查和承认各官员编制的计算书,特别是由政府的会计师编制的关于政府收支的记录;并由罗基斯塔埃(logistae)和埃乌苏诺衣(euthunoi)担任该局的会计检查官。罗基斯塔埃起初为30名,后来减至10名,他们是最高权威,每个官员都必须定期地无条件地向他们提交自己登记的会计帐册;对任期已满者,则要求按规定在离职后三十天以内提交上来。展开更多
The similarities of the non-linear chemical （NLC） fingerprints of Radix Glycyrrhizaes from four producing areas and eight other traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） were calculated, using a systemic similarity cal...The similarities of the non-linear chemical （NLC） fingerprints of Radix Glycyrrhizaes from four producing areas and eight other traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） were calculated, using a systemic similarity calculation method proposed and three other main calculation ones （Euclidean distance, correlation coefficient and included angle cosine）. All of the correlation coefficient similarities of different TCMs are higher than 0.952, and the included angle cosines are all higher than 0.962. So, both the conelation coefficient and included angle cosine similarities are unable to be used as the criteria for quantitatively evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs. Although all of the Euclidean distance similarities of Berry Liquorices from four producing areas are less than 73, those of the other eight TCMs are all more than 180. The Euclidean distance cannot reflect the relative magnitudes of the feature differences in the NLC fingerprints very correctly. The systemic similarity method is the best among the four ones. All of the systemic similarities of Berry Liquorices from the four producing areas are higher than 0.962, while those of the other eight TCMs are all lower than 0.805, and the systemic similarity can reflect the differences between samples most faithfully, and can be used as a quantitative one evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs, by which TCM could be distinguished and evaluated quickly, simply and exactly.展开更多
文摘希腊人对官厅会计的贡献是巨大的、多方面的,在审计制度方面同样取得了卓越的成就。当时雅典财政组织中的审计机构是审计局,(Board of Audit),主要任务是制订有关审计的规定,严格审查和承认各官员编制的计算书,特别是由政府的会计师编制的关于政府收支的记录;并由罗基斯塔埃(logistae)和埃乌苏诺衣(euthunoi)担任该局的会计检查官。罗基斯塔埃起初为30名,后来减至10名,他们是最高权威,每个官员都必须定期地无条件地向他们提交自己登记的会计帐册;对任期已满者,则要求按规定在离职后三十天以内提交上来。
基金Project(2009GJD20033) supported by the National Science and Technology Ministry of China
文摘The similarities of the non-linear chemical （NLC） fingerprints of Radix Glycyrrhizaes from four producing areas and eight other traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） were calculated, using a systemic similarity calculation method proposed and three other main calculation ones （Euclidean distance, correlation coefficient and included angle cosine）. All of the correlation coefficient similarities of different TCMs are higher than 0.952, and the included angle cosines are all higher than 0.962. So, both the conelation coefficient and included angle cosine similarities are unable to be used as the criteria for quantitatively evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs. Although all of the Euclidean distance similarities of Berry Liquorices from four producing areas are less than 73, those of the other eight TCMs are all more than 180. The Euclidean distance cannot reflect the relative magnitudes of the feature differences in the NLC fingerprints very correctly. The systemic similarity method is the best among the four ones. All of the systemic similarities of Berry Liquorices from the four producing areas are higher than 0.962, while those of the other eight TCMs are all lower than 0.805, and the systemic similarity can reflect the differences between samples most faithfully, and can be used as a quantitative one evaluating the similarities of NLC fingerprints of TCMs, by which TCM could be distinguished and evaluated quickly, simply and exactly.
