随着中国城镇化发展迈入质量提升的新阶段,城市存量空间更新和环境品质提升项目不断增多,风景园林设计实践也将面临复杂性提升、实施难度增大、内涵更加丰富、项目来源拓展等新的发展趋势,需要探索更多灵活、有效的设计路径。采用对设...随着中国城镇化发展迈入质量提升的新阶段,城市存量空间更新和环境品质提升项目不断增多,风景园林设计实践也将面临复杂性提升、实施难度增大、内涵更加丰富、项目来源拓展等新的发展趋势,需要探索更多灵活、有效的设计路径。采用对设计进行研究(Research into Design,RiD)和通过设计进行研究(Research through Design,RtD)2种设计研究方法,结合北京京张铁路遗址公园和大栅栏梦想花园计划2个实践项目的探索,提出风景园林渐进式行动设计模型。设计模型主要是一个螺旋渐进式的行动框架,包括一系列行动周期。每个行动周期有相应目标,主要划分为策划-设计-实施-评估-优化5个行动阶段,需要重点关注周期目标、资源触媒、专业协同方、利益相关方和经验成效5个方面的关键影响因素。在这一过程中,风景园林师要注重角色转变、寻找触媒、重视评估和跨界动员4个方面的重点工作。渐进式行动设计路径不是要取代传统的设计路径,而是在面对一些条件复杂、推进困难的项目时,可以试验的一种新的方向。展开更多
专业素养是专业能力所蕴含的专业知识、思维方式和价值观。教师核心专业能力是一种被称为基于设计的行动力的综合能力,并非PACK的运用能力,因为PACK不是知识论意义上的知识。基于设计的行动力所蕴含的教师专业素养可以区分为学科素养和...专业素养是专业能力所蕴含的专业知识、思维方式和价值观。教师核心专业能力是一种被称为基于设计的行动力的综合能力,并非PACK的运用能力,因为PACK不是知识论意义上的知识。基于设计的行动力所蕴含的教师专业素养可以区分为学科素养和设计素养。学科素养蕴含在课程之中,通过课程分析可以使之清晰化;设计素养蕴含在技术性教学设计理论之中。以STEM课程“抓住风:设计风车”为例,STEM教师的学科素养包括掌握课程包含的S.T.E.M.学科知识、能利用课程提供的材料制定一款特定功能的风车、能独立完成不同材料捕捉风能的单因素实验、身体力行地传递科学精神。以“以学习活动为中心的教学设计理论”为例,STEM教师的设计素养包括能基于教学设计的基本观念思考教学设计;能运用知识建模进行学习内容分析,并用“(知识点,学习水平)”方式陈述学习目标;能结合实情和知识建模图组块确立任务类型,并将它们具体化为师生交互过程;拥有足够的FC知识(Facts and Cases),并能够设计新的FC知识;能结合实情和动力设计模型提升教学方案的质量水平;能结合经验设计探究学习的学习支架。展开更多
The hybrid tracked vehicles(HTV)usually adopt series hybrid powertrain with extra steering mechanism,which has relatively low transmission efficiency and reduces the flexibility of structural arrangement.To overcome t...The hybrid tracked vehicles(HTV)usually adopt series hybrid powertrain with extra steering mechanism,which has relatively low transmission efficiency and reduces the flexibility of structural arrangement.To overcome the disadvantages,a new kind of single-mode powertrain has been proposed.The power-split hybrid powertrain is composed of three planetary gear(PG)sets connected to one engine,left and right track outputs,and three motors.The proposed powertrain can realize steering while going forward by controlling the output torque on each side without extra steering mechanism or steering shaft.Due to the diversity of the connection way between components and planetary gear sets,a rapid configuration design approach is proposed for the design selection of HTV.The automated dynamic modelling method can show the one-to-one correspondence with the selected feasible groups by establishing two characteristic matrices,which is more simple than other researches.The analytically-based method is proposed to classify all possible connection designs into several groups to decrease the searching scope with improved design efficiency.Finally,the optimal control strategy is used to find the design with optimal fuel economy under typical condition of HTV.The case study is implemented by the proposed design approach which demonstrates better design performances compared with the existing series-hybrid HTV.展开更多
As the mission needs of the autonomous underwater vehicles(AUV) have become increasingly varied and complex,the AUVs are developing in the direction of systematism, multifunction, and clustering technology, which prom...As the mission needs of the autonomous underwater vehicles(AUV) have become increasingly varied and complex,the AUVs are developing in the direction of systematism, multifunction, and clustering technology, which promotes the progress of key technologies and proposes a series of technical problems. Therefore, it is necessary to make systemic analysis and in-depth study for the progress of AUV's key technologies and innovative applications. The multi-functional mission needs and its key technologies involved in complex sea conditions are pointed out through analyzing the domestic and foreign technical programs, functional characteristics and future development plans. Furthermore, the overall design of a multi-moving state AUV is proposed. Then, technical innovations of the key technologies, such as thrust vector, propeller design, kinematics and dynamics, navigation control, and ambient flow field characteristics, are made, combining with the structural characteristics and motion characteristics of the new multi-moving state AUV. The results verify the good performance of the multi-moving state AUV and provide a theoretical guidance and technical support for the design of new AUV in real complex sea conditions.展开更多
文摘随着中国城镇化发展迈入质量提升的新阶段,城市存量空间更新和环境品质提升项目不断增多,风景园林设计实践也将面临复杂性提升、实施难度增大、内涵更加丰富、项目来源拓展等新的发展趋势,需要探索更多灵活、有效的设计路径。采用对设计进行研究(Research into Design,RiD)和通过设计进行研究(Research through Design,RtD)2种设计研究方法,结合北京京张铁路遗址公园和大栅栏梦想花园计划2个实践项目的探索,提出风景园林渐进式行动设计模型。设计模型主要是一个螺旋渐进式的行动框架,包括一系列行动周期。每个行动周期有相应目标,主要划分为策划-设计-实施-评估-优化5个行动阶段,需要重点关注周期目标、资源触媒、专业协同方、利益相关方和经验成效5个方面的关键影响因素。在这一过程中,风景园林师要注重角色转变、寻找触媒、重视评估和跨界动员4个方面的重点工作。渐进式行动设计路径不是要取代传统的设计路径,而是在面对一些条件复杂、推进困难的项目时,可以试验的一种新的方向。
文摘专业素养是专业能力所蕴含的专业知识、思维方式和价值观。教师核心专业能力是一种被称为基于设计的行动力的综合能力,并非PACK的运用能力,因为PACK不是知识论意义上的知识。基于设计的行动力所蕴含的教师专业素养可以区分为学科素养和设计素养。学科素养蕴含在课程之中,通过课程分析可以使之清晰化;设计素养蕴含在技术性教学设计理论之中。以STEM课程“抓住风:设计风车”为例,STEM教师的学科素养包括掌握课程包含的S.T.E.M.学科知识、能利用课程提供的材料制定一款特定功能的风车、能独立完成不同材料捕捉风能的单因素实验、身体力行地传递科学精神。以“以学习活动为中心的教学设计理论”为例,STEM教师的设计素养包括能基于教学设计的基本观念思考教学设计;能运用知识建模进行学习内容分析,并用“(知识点,学习水平)”方式陈述学习目标;能结合实情和知识建模图组块确立任务类型,并将它们具体化为师生交互过程;拥有足够的FC知识(Facts and Cases),并能够设计新的FC知识;能结合实情和动力设计模型提升教学方案的质量水平;能结合经验设计探究学习的学习支架。
基金Project(CIT&TCD20190304)supported by the Beijing Great Scholars Program,China。
文摘The hybrid tracked vehicles(HTV)usually adopt series hybrid powertrain with extra steering mechanism,which has relatively low transmission efficiency and reduces the flexibility of structural arrangement.To overcome the disadvantages,a new kind of single-mode powertrain has been proposed.The power-split hybrid powertrain is composed of three planetary gear(PG)sets connected to one engine,left and right track outputs,and three motors.The proposed powertrain can realize steering while going forward by controlling the output torque on each side without extra steering mechanism or steering shaft.Due to the diversity of the connection way between components and planetary gear sets,a rapid configuration design approach is proposed for the design selection of HTV.The automated dynamic modelling method can show the one-to-one correspondence with the selected feasible groups by establishing two characteristic matrices,which is more simple than other researches.The analytically-based method is proposed to classify all possible connection designs into several groups to decrease the searching scope with improved design efficiency.Finally,the optimal control strategy is used to find the design with optimal fuel economy under typical condition of HTV.The case study is implemented by the proposed design approach which demonstrates better design performances compared with the existing series-hybrid HTV.
基金Project(ZR2014EEP019) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,ChinaProject(51505491) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘As the mission needs of the autonomous underwater vehicles(AUV) have become increasingly varied and complex,the AUVs are developing in the direction of systematism, multifunction, and clustering technology, which promotes the progress of key technologies and proposes a series of technical problems. Therefore, it is necessary to make systemic analysis and in-depth study for the progress of AUV's key technologies and innovative applications. The multi-functional mission needs and its key technologies involved in complex sea conditions are pointed out through analyzing the domestic and foreign technical programs, functional characteristics and future development plans. Furthermore, the overall design of a multi-moving state AUV is proposed. Then, technical innovations of the key technologies, such as thrust vector, propeller design, kinematics and dynamics, navigation control, and ambient flow field characteristics, are made, combining with the structural characteristics and motion characteristics of the new multi-moving state AUV. The results verify the good performance of the multi-moving state AUV and provide a theoretical guidance and technical support for the design of new AUV in real complex sea conditions.
