提出了一种混合储能聚合商(hybrid energy storage aggregator,HESA)参与能量-调频市场的控制策略。首先,对于独立系统运营商(ISO)发出的调频指令信号进行VMDWVD时频域分析,重构固有模态分量(IMF)生成高频信号与低频信号,分别作为HESA...提出了一种混合储能聚合商(hybrid energy storage aggregator,HESA)参与能量-调频市场的控制策略。首先,对于独立系统运营商(ISO)发出的调频指令信号进行VMDWVD时频域分析,重构固有模态分量(IMF)生成高频信号与低频信号,分别作为HESA中功率型储能和能量型储能的输入信号。其次,构建了计及多市场价格不确定性的HESA投标与运行策略min-max-min模型,基于列和约束生成算法(C&CG)和强对偶理论对主子问题进行迭代交替求解。最后,基于实际PJM市场的价格、调频信号等数据进行了仿真,验证了HESA主体投标运营策略的有效性。展开更多
The influence of temperature and mass fraction of Pluonic F127 on the rheological properties of polyvinyl butyric （PVB）/Pluronic F127/polyethylene glycol （PEG） 200 blend systems was investigated by a rotational rh...The influence of temperature and mass fraction of Pluonic F127 on the rheological properties of polyvinyl butyric （PVB）/Pluronic F127/polyethylene glycol （PEG） 200 blend systems was investigated by a rotational rheometer with parallel plates. The results show that the blend systems approach homogeneous state at 140, 150 and 160℃while the rheological properties of the blend systems significantly deviate from the homogeneous systems at 120℃. Shear thinning behavior is observed for all the blend systems at different temperatures and is enhanced by increasing Pluronic F127 content. The complex viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus, zero-shear activation energy and flow recovery of the blend systems increase with the increase of Pluronic F127 content. There is a crossing point for the loss modulus and the storage modulus of each sample at high frequency, which is called specified frequency （SF）. The loss modulus is larger than the storage modulus when the frequency is less than the SF, and when frequency is more than SF, the loss modulus is smaller than the storage modulus.展开更多
文摘提出了一种混合储能聚合商(hybrid energy storage aggregator,HESA)参与能量-调频市场的控制策略。首先,对于独立系统运营商(ISO)发出的调频指令信号进行VMDWVD时频域分析,重构固有模态分量(IMF)生成高频信号与低频信号,分别作为HESA中功率型储能和能量型储能的输入信号。其次,构建了计及多市场价格不确定性的HESA投标与运行策略min-max-min模型,基于列和约束生成算法(C&CG)和强对偶理论对主子问题进行迭代交替求解。最后,基于实际PJM市场的价格、调频信号等数据进行了仿真,验证了HESA主体投标运营策略的有效性。
基金Project(20776161) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The influence of temperature and mass fraction of Pluonic F127 on the rheological properties of polyvinyl butyric （PVB）/Pluronic F127/polyethylene glycol （PEG） 200 blend systems was investigated by a rotational rheometer with parallel plates. The results show that the blend systems approach homogeneous state at 140, 150 and 160℃while the rheological properties of the blend systems significantly deviate from the homogeneous systems at 120℃. Shear thinning behavior is observed for all the blend systems at different temperatures and is enhanced by increasing Pluronic F127 content. The complex viscosity, storage modulus, loss modulus, zero-shear activation energy and flow recovery of the blend systems increase with the increase of Pluronic F127 content. There is a crossing point for the loss modulus and the storage modulus of each sample at high frequency, which is called specified frequency （SF）. The loss modulus is larger than the storage modulus when the frequency is less than the SF, and when frequency is more than SF, the loss modulus is smaller than the storage modulus.
