认识生态系统内和生态系统间耦合机制,揭示复合生态系统功能规律,对促进我国山水林田湖草沙项目一体化修复和保护实践具有重要的意义。针对目前修复和保护工程中出现的缺乏系统性、连续性等问题,以拥有丰富生态资源的长白山温带森林生...认识生态系统内和生态系统间耦合机制,揭示复合生态系统功能规律,对促进我国山水林田湖草沙项目一体化修复和保护实践具有重要的意义。针对目前修复和保护工程中出现的缺乏系统性、连续性等问题,以拥有丰富生态资源的长白山温带森林生态系统为研究区域,对其关键要素“水土气生”进行耦合建模。通过分析模型的运行机理,探究重要子模块之间的相互作用以及子模块内部生态关键要素的耦合机制,并以长白山温带落叶阔叶林的组成树种和环境因素为对象构建模型参数,通过运行林窗模型1000次,得出长白山温带森林的动态演替过程。结果表明:在森林生态系统的演替过程中,“水土气生”体现为模型中有效积温、干旱天数(低于土壤凋萎点的天数)、土壤可利用氮以及可利用光,这些关键要素之间相互影响,综合决定着每棵树木的更新、生长、死亡过程。模拟结果显示在长白山温带针阔混交林的动态演替过程中0—70 a, 70—170 a, 170—280 a, 280—400 a四个阶段分别有不同的树种组成特征,与真实演替过程比较发现模拟林具有明显的阶段性。白桦、山杨为演替先锋树种,0—70 a期间生物量共占比为55%,70 a后生物量减少最后消失;紫椴、蒙古栎、水曲柳等为过渡树种,这些树种进一步改变了生长环境。红松在170 a前生物量占比仅为3%左右,随演替的发展生物量持续增加,170—280 a期间生物量占比15%,280 a之后红松生物量占总林分的50%。该结果模拟森林动态过程符合演替规律,充分说明多关键要素“水土气生”耦合机制的合理性,对于促进生态系统尺度上多生态要素耦合的相关研究提供了科学理论基础以及方法技术。展开更多
A numerical code called RFPA-Dynamics was used to study the rockburst mechanism under dynamic load based on coupled static-dynamic analysis.The results show that dynamic disturbance has a very distinct triggering effe...A numerical code called RFPA-Dynamics was used to study the rockburst mechanism under dynamic load based on coupled static-dynamic analysis.The results show that dynamic disturbance has a very distinct triggering effect on rockburst.Under the dynamic load,rockburst is motivated by tensile stress formed by the overlapping of dynamic waves in the form of instantaneous open and cutting through of cracks in weak planes and pre-damaged areas.Meanwhile,the orientation of joint sets has an obvious leading effect on rockburst locations.Finally,a higher initial static stress state before dynamic loading can cause more pre-damaged area,thus leading to a larger rockburst scope.展开更多
文摘认识生态系统内和生态系统间耦合机制,揭示复合生态系统功能规律,对促进我国山水林田湖草沙项目一体化修复和保护实践具有重要的意义。针对目前修复和保护工程中出现的缺乏系统性、连续性等问题,以拥有丰富生态资源的长白山温带森林生态系统为研究区域,对其关键要素“水土气生”进行耦合建模。通过分析模型的运行机理,探究重要子模块之间的相互作用以及子模块内部生态关键要素的耦合机制,并以长白山温带落叶阔叶林的组成树种和环境因素为对象构建模型参数,通过运行林窗模型1000次,得出长白山温带森林的动态演替过程。结果表明:在森林生态系统的演替过程中,“水土气生”体现为模型中有效积温、干旱天数(低于土壤凋萎点的天数)、土壤可利用氮以及可利用光,这些关键要素之间相互影响,综合决定着每棵树木的更新、生长、死亡过程。模拟结果显示在长白山温带针阔混交林的动态演替过程中0—70 a, 70—170 a, 170—280 a, 280—400 a四个阶段分别有不同的树种组成特征,与真实演替过程比较发现模拟林具有明显的阶段性。白桦、山杨为演替先锋树种,0—70 a期间生物量共占比为55%,70 a后生物量减少最后消失;紫椴、蒙古栎、水曲柳等为过渡树种,这些树种进一步改变了生长环境。红松在170 a前生物量占比仅为3%左右,随演替的发展生物量持续增加,170—280 a期间生物量占比15%,280 a之后红松生物量占总林分的50%。该结果模拟森林动态过程符合演替规律,充分说明多关键要素“水土气生”耦合机制的合理性,对于促进生态系统尺度上多生态要素耦合的相关研究提供了科学理论基础以及方法技术。
基金Project(90401004)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaProjects(20100471465,201104572)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation+1 种基金Project(20091029)supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,ChinaProjects(50934006,51111130206)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A numerical code called RFPA-Dynamics was used to study the rockburst mechanism under dynamic load based on coupled static-dynamic analysis.The results show that dynamic disturbance has a very distinct triggering effect on rockburst.Under the dynamic load,rockburst is motivated by tensile stress formed by the overlapping of dynamic waves in the form of instantaneous open and cutting through of cracks in weak planes and pre-damaged areas.Meanwhile,the orientation of joint sets has an obvious leading effect on rockburst locations.Finally,a higher initial static stress state before dynamic loading can cause more pre-damaged area,thus leading to a larger rockburst scope.
