As the most important type or component in the terrestrial ecosystems, forest ecosystem makes its role obviously prominent and important on environment and human being. It possesses non-substitutable functions in the ...As the most important type or component in the terrestrial ecosystems, forest ecosystem makes its role obviously prominent and important on environment and human being. It possesses non-substitutable functions in the process of sustainable development. However, due to the complexity of the forest ecosystem and the relatively delay or lack of the related research technology, the science is still in the case of immature and questions. This paper summarized and reviewed briefly the development and the present case of the forest ecology, then pointed out the existing problems in the forest ecosystem researches. In the end, we discussed several fields that need to pay more attention to in future researches.展开更多
From the 1950s to 1960s, large area of Populus simonii shelterbelts system was established in northern area of Shanxi Province. For reconstructing the old shelterbelts, more attentions should be paid to selecting suit...From the 1950s to 1960s, large area of Populus simonii shelterbelts system was established in northern area of Shanxi Province. For reconstructing the old shelterbelts, more attentions should be paid to selecting suitable tree species and design of logical shelterbelts structure. In order to provide a profound basis for the efficient establishment of shelterbelts, the study on function and structure of the farmland shelterbelts was conducted in Shuozhou and Datong areas, both are semi-arid areas in Northern Shanxi Province during 1996-2001. The wind-control effects of shelterbelts with different structures (close-spaced, wider-spaced, and widest-spaced) were investigated by portable wind vane and anemometer, wet and dry bulb thermometer, ground thermometer, glass service instrument. The results showed that the wind-control capacity of the shelterbelts during the leafing period should be thought as the criteria index in shelterbelts established. The wider-spaced shelterbelt that was made of 4-6 rows of trees, with a spacing of 2.0 m×3.0 m, had the best wind-control result.展开更多
This paper discussed the keystone species concept and introduced the typical characteristics of keystone species and their identification in communities or ecosystems. Based on the research of the keystone species, th...This paper discussed the keystone species concept and introduced the typical characteristics of keystone species and their identification in communities or ecosystems. Based on the research of the keystone species, the concept of species importance (SI) was first advanced in this paper. The species importance can be simply understood as the important value of species in the ecosystem, which consists of three indexes: species structural important value (SIV), functional important value (FIV) and dynamical important value (DIV). With the indexes, the evaluation was also made on species importance of arbor trees in the Three-Hardwood forests (Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, and Phellodendron amurense) ecosystem.展开更多
In the conceptual stage the function design process is realized by the computer aided application. After surveying on the function specification methods and the function modeling, a computer aided function design envi...In the conceptual stage the function design process is realized by the computer aided application. After surveying on the function specification methods and the function modeling, a computer aided function design environment is analyzed. Subsequently based on a module library and principle catalogue, a solution finding process as a part of conceptual design is proposed for a creative design. In addition, a search algorithm to find the solution of adaptable function structure is also discussed. The concepts proposed in this paper can support the subsequent design stages, especially simulation for checking the function structure defects.展开更多
This paper introduces the background,illustrates the hardware structure and software features of malicious base station,explains its work principle,presents a method of detecting malicious base station,analyses the ex...This paper introduces the background,illustrates the hardware structure and software features of malicious base station,explains its work principle,presents a method of detecting malicious base station,analyses the experiment and evaluates the experimental results to verify the reliability of this method.Finally proposes the future work.展开更多
Objective: To explore the correlation between structure domains and functions of chemokine receptor CXCR4. Methods: After the establishment of wild type chemokine.receptor CXCR4 and CXCR2 expressing cell lines, 5 CXCR...Objective: To explore the correlation between structure domains and functions of chemokine receptor CXCR4. Methods: After the establishment of wild type chemokine.receptor CXCR4 and CXCR2 expressing cell lines, 5 CXCR4/CXCR2 chimeras, 2 CXCR4 mutants were stably expressed on CHO cell line. Binding activities of all variants with the ligand, recombinant human SDF-1β, signal transduction ability after stimulation and their function as coreceptor for HIV-1 were studied with ligand-binding assay, Cytosensor/ microphysiometry and cell-cell reporter gene fusion assay. Results: Among all 7 changed CXCR4 receptors, 3 chimeras (2444a, 4442, 4122), and 1 mutant (CXCR4-Tr) bond with SDF-1β in varying degrees, of which only 2444a totally and CXCR4-Tr partially maintain signaling. All changed receptors except for 4222 could act as coreceptors for HIV-1 (LAI) in varying degrees. Conclusion: Several structure domains of CXCR4 are involved in the binding with SDF-1β, among which, N-terminal extracellular domain has high affinity of binding with SDF-1β, and the 3rd extracellular loop contributes to the binding, too. Although the C-terminal in-tracellular domain has no association with the maintenance of the overall structure of the receptor and ligand binding capability, the signaling is decreased when this domain is truncated. For CXCR4 signaling, not only is the conserved motif DRY box needed, but also the characterized conformation of the whole molecule must be formed when activation is required. There are some overlaps between SDF-1β binding domains and coreceptor function domains in molecular structure of CXCR4.展开更多
The contact angle phenomena and wetting behavior of fatty acids,alcohols and ester used as additives in lubricants onto the rolled copper foil(RCF)surface were studied by the static sessile drop method.Semi-empirical ...The contact angle phenomena and wetting behavior of fatty acids,alcohols and ester used as additives in lubricants onto the rolled copper foil(RCF)surface were studied by the static sessile drop method.Semi-empirical quantum-chemical method studies on the contact angle of these compounds onto surface using several structural parameters were carried out.Molecular refractivity as well as several structural parameters were adopted in the development of quantitative structure-property relationships(QSPR)using genetic function approximation(GFA)statistical analysis method.The results show that quantum parameters are a better choice when predicting the contact angle and wettability of lubricants onto the RCF surface.Contact angle of the compounds serves as a function of their viscosity,interfacial tension,and physicochemical parameters.Alog P,molecular refractivity,molecular flexibility,total molecular mass,solvent surface area,element count,total energy and dipole are the most sensitive ones among the major contributing parameters.Notably,studies of lubricants on the RCF surfaces allow wetting theories to be tested down to the microcosmic scale,which can bring about new insight to predict wettability of lubricants onto RCF surface.展开更多
Objective:To establish a systematic framework for selecting the best clustering algorithm and provide an evaluation method for clustering analyses of gene expression data. Methods: Based on data structure (internal in...Objective:To establish a systematic framework for selecting the best clustering algorithm and provide an evaluation method for clustering analyses of gene expression data. Methods: Based on data structure (internal information) and function classification (external information), the evaluation of gene expression data analyses were carried out by using 2 approaches. Firstly, to assess the predictive power of clusteringalgorithms, Entropy was introduced to measure the consistency between the clustering results from different algorithms and the known and validated functional classifications. Secondly, a modified method of figure of merit (adjust-FOM) was used as internal assessment method. In this method, one clustering algorithm was used to analyze all data but one experimental condition, the remaining condition was used to assess the predictive power of the resulting clusters. This method was applied on 3 gene expression data sets (2 from the Lyer's Serum Data Sets, and 1 from the Ferea's Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Data Set). Results: A method based on entropy and figure of merit (FOM) was proposed to explore the results of the 3 data sets obtained by 6 different algorithms, SOM and Fuzzy clustering methods were confirmed to possess the highest ability to cluster. Conclusion: A method based on entropy is firstly brought forward to evaluate clustering analyses.Different results are attained in evaluating same data set due to different function classification. According to the curves of adjust_FOM and Entropy_FOM, SOM and Fuzzy clustering methods show the highest ability to cluster on the 3 data sets.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the ouabain's effects on the ultrastructure and function of the rat heart. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with ouabain and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded...Objective: To investigate the ouabain's effects on the ultrastructure and function of the rat heart. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with ouabain and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded weekly. After 4 weeks, echocardiography was performed, hemodynamic parameters were measured by invasive cardiac catheterization and changes in heart ultrastructure were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Results:After treated by ouabain for 4 weeks, there were no significant differences in the mean SBP of the two groups. However, cardiac systolic and diastolic performances were both worsened with ouabain treatment by echocardiography, left ventricular chamber diameters and wall thickness were significantly increased in the rats of ouabain group. Invasive monitoring indicated that left ventricular systolic pressures (LVSP), rate of pressure development (+dp/dt) and rate of pressure decay (-dp/dt) were significantly attenuated and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP) were increased in ouabain group (P<0. 05). Disorganization of myofilaments, mitochondrial swelling, disruption and vacuolation, hyperplastic collagen fibers were found in ouabain group by transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion:It is suggested that ouabain induces alterations in cardiac ultrastructure and function, and the effects happened before the increase of blood pressure, which indicates that ouabain might damage rat heart independent of blood pressure.展开更多
Objective To test the hypothesis that delayed X-irradiation can enhance the functional and structural recovery of the injured spinal cord in rats. Methods Seventy Sprague-Dawley rots were randomly divided into two gr...Objective To test the hypothesis that delayed X-irradiation can enhance the functional and structural recovery of the injured spinal cord in rats. Methods Seventy Sprague-Dawley rots were randomly divided into two groups, 35 rats in each. The control group sustained a one-minute clip compression （ force of clip was 30 g） injury of the spinal cord at the T2 level, without X-irradiation. The experimental group received X-irradiation 14 days after injury. Neurological function was assessed by the modified Tarlov method, including hind limbs movement, inclined plane, and pain withdrawal. These tests were performed in a blinded fashion at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after injury. At 43 days after injury, histological examination of the injured spinal cord was performed following decapitation of the rats. Results Sixty-two rats met the experimental requirements （spinal cord injury was similar）, 32 rats in experimental group and 30 rats in control group. Statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in hind limbs movement and inclined plane （ P 〈0. 01 ）, but not in the pain withdrawal test. The edema and necrosis areas of injured spinal cords in experimental group were less than those in control group, and axons in experimental group were significantly more than those in control group （P 〈0.01）. Conclusion Delayed X-irradiation following spinal cord injury may enhance functional recovery by improving and restoring structural integrity of the injured spinal cord in rats.展开更多
We propose a method that can achieve the Naxi-English bilingual word automatic alignment based on a log-linear model.This method defines the different Naxi-English structural feature functions,which are English-Naxi i...We propose a method that can achieve the Naxi-English bilingual word automatic alignment based on a log-linear model.This method defines the different Naxi-English structural feature functions,which are English-Naxi interval switching function and Naxi-English bilingual word position transformation function.With the manually labeled Naxi-English words alignment corpus,the parameters of the model are trained by using the minimum error,thus Naxi-English bilingual word alignment is achieved automatically.Experiments are conducted with IBM Model 3 as a benchmark,and the Naxi language constraints are introduced.The final experiment results show that the proposed alignment method achieves very good results:the introduction of the language characteristic function can effectively improve the accuracy of the Naxi-English Bilingual Word Alignment.展开更多
Objective A novel index based on fi-equency-domain analysis of heart rate variability （HRV） was tested on patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function. This index, namely VHFI, was defined as the very hi...Objective A novel index based on fi-equency-domain analysis of heart rate variability （HRV） was tested on patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function. This index, namely VHFI, was defined as the very high frequency （VHF） component of the power spectrum normalized to represent its relative value in proportion to the total power minus the very low frequency component. Methods Patients （n = 130） were divided into a study group, consisting 66 patients with decreased left ventricular systolic function, and a control group, consisting 64 patients with normal heart structure and function and without severe coronary artery stenosis （〈 50%）. Results VHFI in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group （19.17 ± 13.35 vs 11.37 ± 10.77, P 〈 0.001）. Cardiac events occurred in 18 patients during follow-up （33.34 i 3.26 months）. Defining the positive test as VHFI =15 and negative test as VHFI 〈15, achieved a sensitivity of 57.58% and a specificity of78.13% for predicting decreased left ventricular systolic function, and achieved a sensitivity of 66.67% and a specificity of 64.29% for predicting cardiac events. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive VHFI test was an independent variable in predictive cardiac events. Conclusions The results suggest that VHFI is a useful tool for quick evaluation of left ventricular systolic function and prediction of prognosis展开更多
Routers have traditionally been architected as two elements: forwarding plane and control plane through For CES or other protocols. Each forwarding plane aggregates a fixed amount of computing, memory, and network int...Routers have traditionally been architected as two elements: forwarding plane and control plane through For CES or other protocols. Each forwarding plane aggregates a fixed amount of computing, memory, and network interface resources to forward packets. Unfortunately, the tight coupling of packet-processing tasks with network interfaces has severely restricted service innovation and hardware upgrade. In this context, we explore the insightful prospect of functional separation in forwarding plane to propose a next-generation router architecture, which, if realized, can provide promises both for various packet-processing tasks and for flexible deployment while solving concerns related to the above problems. Thus, we put forward an alternative construction in which functional resources within a forwarding plane are disaggregated. A forwarding plane is instead separated into two planes: software data plane(SDP) and flow switching plane(FSP), and each plane can be viewed as a collection of "building blocks". SDP is responsible for packet-processing tasks without its expansibility restricted with the amount and kinds of network interfaces. FSP is in charge of packet receiving/transmitting tasks and can incrementally add switching elements, such as general switches, or even specialized switches, to provide network interfaces for SDP. Besides, our proposed router architecture uses network fabrics to achievethe best connectivity among building blocks,which can support for network topology reconfiguration within one device.At last,we make an experiment on our platform in terms of bandwidth utilization rate,configuration delay,system throughput and execution time.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC39970123 30170744)+1 种基金 Chinese Academy of Sciences (A grant KZCX2-406) and Changbai Mountain Open Research Station.
文摘As the most important type or component in the terrestrial ecosystems, forest ecosystem makes its role obviously prominent and important on environment and human being. It possesses non-substitutable functions in the process of sustainable development. However, due to the complexity of the forest ecosystem and the relatively delay or lack of the related research technology, the science is still in the case of immature and questions. This paper summarized and reviewed briefly the development and the present case of the forest ecology, then pointed out the existing problems in the forest ecosystem researches. In the end, we discussed several fields that need to pay more attention to in future researches.
基金The study was supported by Shanxi Ninth Five-year Plan Project (No. 961016).
文摘From the 1950s to 1960s, large area of Populus simonii shelterbelts system was established in northern area of Shanxi Province. For reconstructing the old shelterbelts, more attentions should be paid to selecting suitable tree species and design of logical shelterbelts structure. In order to provide a profound basis for the efficient establishment of shelterbelts, the study on function and structure of the farmland shelterbelts was conducted in Shuozhou and Datong areas, both are semi-arid areas in Northern Shanxi Province during 1996-2001. The wind-control effects of shelterbelts with different structures (close-spaced, wider-spaced, and widest-spaced) were investigated by portable wind vane and anemometer, wet and dry bulb thermometer, ground thermometer, glass service instrument. The results showed that the wind-control capacity of the shelterbelts during the leafing period should be thought as the criteria index in shelterbelts established. The wider-spaced shelterbelt that was made of 4-6 rows of trees, with a spacing of 2.0 m×3.0 m, had the best wind-control result.
基金The paper was supported by science foundation of Changbai Mountain Open Research Station Chinese Academy of Sci-ences and Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation (C00-01).
文摘This paper discussed the keystone species concept and introduced the typical characteristics of keystone species and their identification in communities or ecosystems. Based on the research of the keystone species, the concept of species importance (SI) was first advanced in this paper. The species importance can be simply understood as the important value of species in the ecosystem, which consists of three indexes: species structural important value (SIV), functional important value (FIV) and dynamical important value (DIV). With the indexes, the evaluation was also made on species importance of arbor trees in the Three-Hardwood forests (Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, and Phellodendron amurense) ecosystem.
文摘In the conceptual stage the function design process is realized by the computer aided application. After surveying on the function specification methods and the function modeling, a computer aided function design environment is analyzed. Subsequently based on a module library and principle catalogue, a solution finding process as a part of conceptual design is proposed for a creative design. In addition, a search algorithm to find the solution of adaptable function structure is also discussed. The concepts proposed in this paper can support the subsequent design stages, especially simulation for checking the function structure defects.
文摘This paper introduces the background,illustrates the hardware structure and software features of malicious base station,explains its work principle,presents a method of detecting malicious base station,analyses the experiment and evaluates the experimental results to verify the reliability of this method.Finally proposes the future work.
文摘Objective: To explore the correlation between structure domains and functions of chemokine receptor CXCR4. Methods: After the establishment of wild type chemokine.receptor CXCR4 and CXCR2 expressing cell lines, 5 CXCR4/CXCR2 chimeras, 2 CXCR4 mutants were stably expressed on CHO cell line. Binding activities of all variants with the ligand, recombinant human SDF-1β, signal transduction ability after stimulation and their function as coreceptor for HIV-1 were studied with ligand-binding assay, Cytosensor/ microphysiometry and cell-cell reporter gene fusion assay. Results: Among all 7 changed CXCR4 receptors, 3 chimeras (2444a, 4442, 4122), and 1 mutant (CXCR4-Tr) bond with SDF-1β in varying degrees, of which only 2444a totally and CXCR4-Tr partially maintain signaling. All changed receptors except for 4222 could act as coreceptors for HIV-1 (LAI) in varying degrees. Conclusion: Several structure domains of CXCR4 are involved in the binding with SDF-1β, among which, N-terminal extracellular domain has high affinity of binding with SDF-1β, and the 3rd extracellular loop contributes to the binding, too. Although the C-terminal in-tracellular domain has no association with the maintenance of the overall structure of the receptor and ligand binding capability, the signaling is decreased when this domain is truncated. For CXCR4 signaling, not only is the conserved motif DRY box needed, but also the characterized conformation of the whole molecule must be formed when activation is required. There are some overlaps between SDF-1β binding domains and coreceptor function domains in molecular structure of CXCR4.
基金the financial assistance provided by the Introducing the Talent Research Start-up Fund(No.YKJ201706)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51474025)
文摘The contact angle phenomena and wetting behavior of fatty acids,alcohols and ester used as additives in lubricants onto the rolled copper foil(RCF)surface were studied by the static sessile drop method.Semi-empirical quantum-chemical method studies on the contact angle of these compounds onto surface using several structural parameters were carried out.Molecular refractivity as well as several structural parameters were adopted in the development of quantitative structure-property relationships(QSPR)using genetic function approximation(GFA)statistical analysis method.The results show that quantum parameters are a better choice when predicting the contact angle and wettability of lubricants onto the RCF surface.Contact angle of the compounds serves as a function of their viscosity,interfacial tension,and physicochemical parameters.Alog P,molecular refractivity,molecular flexibility,total molecular mass,solvent surface area,element count,total energy and dipole are the most sensitive ones among the major contributing parameters.Notably,studies of lubricants on the RCF surfaces allow wetting theories to be tested down to the microcosmic scale,which can bring about new insight to predict wettability of lubricants onto RCF surface.
文摘Objective:To establish a systematic framework for selecting the best clustering algorithm and provide an evaluation method for clustering analyses of gene expression data. Methods: Based on data structure (internal information) and function classification (external information), the evaluation of gene expression data analyses were carried out by using 2 approaches. Firstly, to assess the predictive power of clusteringalgorithms, Entropy was introduced to measure the consistency between the clustering results from different algorithms and the known and validated functional classifications. Secondly, a modified method of figure of merit (adjust-FOM) was used as internal assessment method. In this method, one clustering algorithm was used to analyze all data but one experimental condition, the remaining condition was used to assess the predictive power of the resulting clusters. This method was applied on 3 gene expression data sets (2 from the Lyer's Serum Data Sets, and 1 from the Ferea's Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Data Set). Results: A method based on entropy and figure of merit (FOM) was proposed to explore the results of the 3 data sets obtained by 6 different algorithms, SOM and Fuzzy clustering methods were confirmed to possess the highest ability to cluster. Conclusion: A method based on entropy is firstly brought forward to evaluate clustering analyses.Different results are attained in evaluating same data set due to different function classification. According to the curves of adjust_FOM and Entropy_FOM, SOM and Fuzzy clustering methods show the highest ability to cluster on the 3 data sets.
基金Spported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No. 2005C242)
文摘Objective: To investigate the ouabain's effects on the ultrastructure and function of the rat heart. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with ouabain and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded weekly. After 4 weeks, echocardiography was performed, hemodynamic parameters were measured by invasive cardiac catheterization and changes in heart ultrastructure were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Results:After treated by ouabain for 4 weeks, there were no significant differences in the mean SBP of the two groups. However, cardiac systolic and diastolic performances were both worsened with ouabain treatment by echocardiography, left ventricular chamber diameters and wall thickness were significantly increased in the rats of ouabain group. Invasive monitoring indicated that left ventricular systolic pressures (LVSP), rate of pressure development (+dp/dt) and rate of pressure decay (-dp/dt) were significantly attenuated and left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (LVEDP) were increased in ouabain group (P<0. 05). Disorganization of myofilaments, mitochondrial swelling, disruption and vacuolation, hyperplastic collagen fibers were found in ouabain group by transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion:It is suggested that ouabain induces alterations in cardiac ultrastructure and function, and the effects happened before the increase of blood pressure, which indicates that ouabain might damage rat heart independent of blood pressure.
文摘Objective To test the hypothesis that delayed X-irradiation can enhance the functional and structural recovery of the injured spinal cord in rats. Methods Seventy Sprague-Dawley rots were randomly divided into two groups, 35 rats in each. The control group sustained a one-minute clip compression （ force of clip was 30 g） injury of the spinal cord at the T2 level, without X-irradiation. The experimental group received X-irradiation 14 days after injury. Neurological function was assessed by the modified Tarlov method, including hind limbs movement, inclined plane, and pain withdrawal. These tests were performed in a blinded fashion at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after injury. At 43 days after injury, histological examination of the injured spinal cord was performed following decapitation of the rats. Results Sixty-two rats met the experimental requirements （spinal cord injury was similar）, 32 rats in experimental group and 30 rats in control group. Statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in hind limbs movement and inclined plane （ P 〈0. 01 ）, but not in the pain withdrawal test. The edema and necrosis areas of injured spinal cords in experimental group were less than those in control group, and axons in experimental group were significantly more than those in control group （P 〈0.01）. Conclusion Delayed X-irradiation following spinal cord injury may enhance functional recovery by improving and restoring structural integrity of the injured spinal cord in rats.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grants No.60863011,No.61175068,No.61100205,No.60873001the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.2009RC0212+1 种基金the National Innovation Fund for Technology-based Firms under Grant No.11C26215305905the Open Fund of Software Engineering Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province under Grant No.2011SE14
文摘We propose a method that can achieve the Naxi-English bilingual word automatic alignment based on a log-linear model.This method defines the different Naxi-English structural feature functions,which are English-Naxi interval switching function and Naxi-English bilingual word position transformation function.With the manually labeled Naxi-English words alignment corpus,the parameters of the model are trained by using the minimum error,thus Naxi-English bilingual word alignment is achieved automatically.Experiments are conducted with IBM Model 3 as a benchmark,and the Naxi language constraints are introduced.The final experiment results show that the proposed alignment method achieves very good results:the introduction of the language characteristic function can effectively improve the accuracy of the Naxi-English Bilingual Word Alignment.
文摘Objective A novel index based on fi-equency-domain analysis of heart rate variability （HRV） was tested on patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function. This index, namely VHFI, was defined as the very high frequency （VHF） component of the power spectrum normalized to represent its relative value in proportion to the total power minus the very low frequency component. Methods Patients （n = 130） were divided into a study group, consisting 66 patients with decreased left ventricular systolic function, and a control group, consisting 64 patients with normal heart structure and function and without severe coronary artery stenosis （〈 50%）. Results VHFI in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group （19.17 ± 13.35 vs 11.37 ± 10.77, P 〈 0.001）. Cardiac events occurred in 18 patients during follow-up （33.34 i 3.26 months）. Defining the positive test as VHFI =15 and negative test as VHFI 〈15, achieved a sensitivity of 57.58% and a specificity of78.13% for predicting decreased left ventricular systolic function, and achieved a sensitivity of 66.67% and a specificity of 64.29% for predicting cardiac events. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive VHFI test was an independent variable in predictive cardiac events. Conclusions The results suggest that VHFI is a useful tool for quick evaluation of left ventricular systolic function and prediction of prognosis
基金supported by Program for National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)‘Reconfigurable Network Emulation Testbed for Basic Network Communication’(2012CB315906)
文摘Routers have traditionally been architected as two elements: forwarding plane and control plane through For CES or other protocols. Each forwarding plane aggregates a fixed amount of computing, memory, and network interface resources to forward packets. Unfortunately, the tight coupling of packet-processing tasks with network interfaces has severely restricted service innovation and hardware upgrade. In this context, we explore the insightful prospect of functional separation in forwarding plane to propose a next-generation router architecture, which, if realized, can provide promises both for various packet-processing tasks and for flexible deployment while solving concerns related to the above problems. Thus, we put forward an alternative construction in which functional resources within a forwarding plane are disaggregated. A forwarding plane is instead separated into two planes: software data plane(SDP) and flow switching plane(FSP), and each plane can be viewed as a collection of "building blocks". SDP is responsible for packet-processing tasks without its expansibility restricted with the amount and kinds of network interfaces. FSP is in charge of packet receiving/transmitting tasks and can incrementally add switching elements, such as general switches, or even specialized switches, to provide network interfaces for SDP. Besides, our proposed router architecture uses network fabrics to achievethe best connectivity among building blocks,which can support for network topology reconfiguration within one device.At last,we make an experiment on our platform in terms of bandwidth utilization rate,configuration delay,system throughput and execution time.
