基于Hgstrm(1996)和Beljaars et al.(1991)的研究工作,沿用Louis et al.(1982)和Launiainen(1995)的思路,本文采用多元回归分析方法,研发了一种采用非迭代方法的湍流通量参数化方案。该方案直接用整体理查森数、空气动力学粗糙度长...基于Hgstrm(1996)和Beljaars et al.(1991)的研究工作,沿用Louis et al.(1982)和Launiainen(1995)的思路,本文采用多元回归分析方法,研发了一种采用非迭代方法的湍流通量参数化方案。该方案直接用整体理查森数、空气动力学粗糙度长度和热力学粗糙度长度对稳定度参数进行参数化,从而避免了通过循环迭代计算Monin-Obukhov长度。该方案不仅有效地节省了CPU计算时间,而且其计算结果与迭代方案(BHH方案)的计算结果非常接近。展开更多
利用近18年(1997~2013)的星载LIS/OTD(lightning imaging sensor and optical transient detector)闪电观测资料、NCEP/NCAR(National Center for Environmental Protection/National Center for Atmospheric Research)和ERA-Interim再...利用近18年(1997~2013)的星载LIS/OTD(lightning imaging sensor and optical transient detector)闪电观测资料、NCEP/NCAR(National Center for Environmental Protection/National Center for Atmospheric Research)和ERA-Interim再分析资料,对北纬30°以南、东经100°以东的中国陆地地区(17.5~30°N,100~122.5°E)的闪电活动特征及其与大气环境因素的关系进行了分析.结果表明:中国东南闪电高发区闪电活动季节性特征明显,春夏两季为闪电高发期,厄尔尼诺事件对其闪电活动的年际变化有较强的影响,在此期间冬春季闪电活动有明显的增强.东南闪电高发区闪电活动与地面温度、700~400hPa平均相对湿度、850hPa位温等热力学参数有明显正相关,与多种稳定度参数有强相关,显示出大气层结不稳定性越大,闪电活动越强.进一步通过多元逐步线性回归方法,建立了东南闪电高发区区域平均闪电密度与地面温度、CAPE(convective available potential energy)、BR(Bowen ratio)、LI(lifted index)、SI(Showalter index)的回归方程,有助于利用多种参数开展预报区域闪电活动.展开更多
本文对2017年3月乌鲁木齐进城东南大风进行诊断。分析表明:高空形势巴尔喀什湖到新疆长波脊控制,地面蒙古冷高压位于新疆东部;东南方的达坂城、吐鲁番有闭合高压,城区为闭合低压,最大气压差3~4 h Pa;EC 850 h Pa UV风速预报,提前39 h预...本文对2017年3月乌鲁木齐进城东南大风进行诊断。分析表明:高空形势巴尔喀什湖到新疆长波脊控制,地面蒙古冷高压位于新疆东部;东南方的达坂城、吐鲁番有闭合高压,城区为闭合低压,最大气压差3~4 h Pa;EC 850 h Pa UV风速预报,提前39 h预报了以城区为中心,周边附近的东南大风,极大风速预报28.0 m/s;30日边界层风廓线雷达观测表明,高空50~1 500 m大的动量先后出现,红雁池、城区随后相继出现东南大风;29日20时高空层结稳定度和斯科勒参数的垂直分布,在850 h Pa稳定度和斯科勒参数达极大值,并且向上减小,属下坡东南大风。展开更多
The required reinforcement force to prevent instability and the yield acceleration of reinforced slopes are computed under seismic loading by applying the kinematic approach of limit analysis in conjunction with the p...The required reinforcement force to prevent instability and the yield acceleration of reinforced slopes are computed under seismic loading by applying the kinematic approach of limit analysis in conjunction with the pseudo-dynamic method for a wide range of soil cohesion, friction angle, dilation angle and horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients. Each parameter threatening the stability of the slope enhances the magnitude of the required reinforcement force and vice versa. Moreover, the yield acceleration increases with the increase in soil shear strength parameters but decreases with the increase in the slope angle. The comparison of the present work with some of the available solutions in the literatures shows a reasonable agreement.展开更多
Actual slope stability problems have three-dimensional(3D) characteristics and the soils of slopes have curved failure envelopes. This incorporates a power-law nonlinear failure criterion into the kinematic approach o...Actual slope stability problems have three-dimensional(3D) characteristics and the soils of slopes have curved failure envelopes. This incorporates a power-law nonlinear failure criterion into the kinematic approach of limit analysis to conduct the evaluation of the stability of 3D slopes. A tangential technique is adopted to simplify the nonlinear failure criterion in the form of equivalent Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters. A class of 3D admissible rotational failure mechanisms is selected for soil slopes including three types of failure mechanisms: face failure, base failure, and toe failure. The upper-bound solutions and corresponding critical slip surfaces can be obtained by an efficient optimization method. The results indicate that the nonlinear parameters have significant influences on the assessment of slope stability, especially on the type of failure mechanism. The effects of nonlinear parameters appear to be pronounced for gentle slopes constrained to a narrow width. Compared with the solutions derived from plane-strain analysis, the 3D solutions are more sensitive to the values of nonlinear parameters.展开更多
文摘基于Hgstrm(1996)和Beljaars et al.(1991)的研究工作,沿用Louis et al.(1982)和Launiainen(1995)的思路,本文采用多元回归分析方法,研发了一种采用非迭代方法的湍流通量参数化方案。该方案直接用整体理查森数、空气动力学粗糙度长度和热力学粗糙度长度对稳定度参数进行参数化,从而避免了通过循环迭代计算Monin-Obukhov长度。该方案不仅有效地节省了CPU计算时间,而且其计算结果与迭代方案(BHH方案)的计算结果非常接近。
文摘利用近18年(1997~2013)的星载LIS/OTD(lightning imaging sensor and optical transient detector)闪电观测资料、NCEP/NCAR(National Center for Environmental Protection/National Center for Atmospheric Research)和ERA-Interim再分析资料,对北纬30°以南、东经100°以东的中国陆地地区(17.5~30°N,100~122.5°E)的闪电活动特征及其与大气环境因素的关系进行了分析.结果表明:中国东南闪电高发区闪电活动季节性特征明显,春夏两季为闪电高发期,厄尔尼诺事件对其闪电活动的年际变化有较强的影响,在此期间冬春季闪电活动有明显的增强.东南闪电高发区闪电活动与地面温度、700~400hPa平均相对湿度、850hPa位温等热力学参数有明显正相关,与多种稳定度参数有强相关,显示出大气层结不稳定性越大,闪电活动越强.进一步通过多元逐步线性回归方法,建立了东南闪电高发区区域平均闪电密度与地面温度、CAPE(convective available potential energy)、BR(Bowen ratio)、LI(lifted index)、SI(Showalter index)的回归方程,有助于利用多种参数开展预报区域闪电活动.
文摘本文对2017年3月乌鲁木齐进城东南大风进行诊断。分析表明:高空形势巴尔喀什湖到新疆长波脊控制,地面蒙古冷高压位于新疆东部;东南方的达坂城、吐鲁番有闭合高压,城区为闭合低压,最大气压差3~4 h Pa;EC 850 h Pa UV风速预报,提前39 h预报了以城区为中心,周边附近的东南大风,极大风速预报28.0 m/s;30日边界层风廓线雷达观测表明,高空50~1 500 m大的动量先后出现,红雁池、城区随后相继出现东南大风;29日20时高空层结稳定度和斯科勒参数的垂直分布,在850 h Pa稳定度和斯科勒参数达极大值,并且向上减小,属下坡东南大风。
文摘The required reinforcement force to prevent instability and the yield acceleration of reinforced slopes are computed under seismic loading by applying the kinematic approach of limit analysis in conjunction with the pseudo-dynamic method for a wide range of soil cohesion, friction angle, dilation angle and horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients. Each parameter threatening the stability of the slope enhances the magnitude of the required reinforcement force and vice versa. Moreover, the yield acceleration increases with the increase in soil shear strength parameters but decreases with the increase in the slope angle. The comparison of the present work with some of the available solutions in the literatures shows a reasonable agreement.
基金Project(201501035-03)supported by the Public Service Sector R&D Project of Ministry of Water Resource of ChinaProject(2015CB057901)supported by Basic Research Program of China+4 种基金Projects(51278382,51479050,51508160)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(B13024)supported by the 111 ProjectProjects(2014B06814,B15020060,2014B33414)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject(YK913004)supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Failure Mechanism and Safety Control Techniques of Earth-rock Dam of the Ministry of Water Resources,ChinaProject(KYZZ_0143)supported by the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province of China
文摘Actual slope stability problems have three-dimensional(3D) characteristics and the soils of slopes have curved failure envelopes. This incorporates a power-law nonlinear failure criterion into the kinematic approach of limit analysis to conduct the evaluation of the stability of 3D slopes. A tangential technique is adopted to simplify the nonlinear failure criterion in the form of equivalent Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters. A class of 3D admissible rotational failure mechanisms is selected for soil slopes including three types of failure mechanisms: face failure, base failure, and toe failure. The upper-bound solutions and corresponding critical slip surfaces can be obtained by an efficient optimization method. The results indicate that the nonlinear parameters have significant influences on the assessment of slope stability, especially on the type of failure mechanism. The effects of nonlinear parameters appear to be pronounced for gentle slopes constrained to a narrow width. Compared with the solutions derived from plane-strain analysis, the 3D solutions are more sensitive to the values of nonlinear parameters.
