The microstructure and texture of C/C composites with a resin-derived carbon, a rough laminar （RL） pyrocarbon and a smooth laminar pyrocarbon, before and after braking tests, were investigated by Raman spectroscopy....The microstructure and texture of C/C composites with a resin-derived carbon, a rough laminar （RL） pyrocarbon and a smooth laminar pyrocarbon, before and after braking tests, were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The full width at half maximum （FWHM） of the D-band indicates the amount of defects in the in-plane lattice, while the G-to-D band intensity （peak area） ratios （lC/ID） is used to evaluate the degree of graphitization. The results show that the FWHM of D-band of sample with RL pyrocarbon changes greatly from 36 cm-1 to 168 cm 1 after braking tests, which indicates that a large number of lattice defects are produced on its wear surface. However, the graphitization degree of resin-derived carbon sample rises significantly, because the IC/1D increases from 0.427 to 0.928. Braking tests under normal loading conditions, involving high temperature and high pressure, produce a lot of lattice defects on the wear surface, and induce the graphitization of the surface. Sample with RL pyrocarbon having a low hardness is easy to deform, and has the most lattice defects on the wear surface after braking. While raw materials with resin-derived carbon have the lowest graphitization degree which rises greatly during braking.展开更多
Assuming that road slope and landslide object are rigid, the landslide’s moving displacement was drawn based on their geometry shapes and the physi-mechanical features of materials, and the dynamic model of landslide...Assuming that road slope and landslide object are rigid, the landslide’s moving displacement was drawn based on their geometry shapes and the physi-mechanical features of materials, and the dynamic model of landslide was also set up, then DDOD(double difference observation data) was combined with the deformed monitoring point and the carrier phase observation data on base point, which can be used to monitor the landslide’s deformation rule from horizontal, vertical and directional view simultaneously. Observing equation was set up, which sufficiently reflects the activities of landslide in entire directions. Filter model includes some information such as mechanical state and GPS observing data by Kalman filter.展开更多
A novel discrete-time reaching law was proposed for uncertain discrete-time system,which contained process noise and measurement noise.The proposed method reserves all the advantages of discrete-time reaching law,whic...A novel discrete-time reaching law was proposed for uncertain discrete-time system,which contained process noise and measurement noise.The proposed method reserves all the advantages of discrete-time reaching law,which not only decreases the band width of sliding mode and strengthens the system robustness,but also improves the dynamic performance and stability capability of the system.Moreover,a discrete-time sliding mode control strategy based on Kalman filter method was designed,and Kalman filter was employed to eliminate the influence of system noise.Simulation results show that there is no chattering phenomenon in the output of controller and the state variables of controlled system,and the proposed algorithm is also feasible and has strong robustness to external disturbances.展开更多
基金Project(2006CB600906) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The microstructure and texture of C/C composites with a resin-derived carbon, a rough laminar （RL） pyrocarbon and a smooth laminar pyrocarbon, before and after braking tests, were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The full width at half maximum （FWHM） of the D-band indicates the amount of defects in the in-plane lattice, while the G-to-D band intensity （peak area） ratios （lC/ID） is used to evaluate the degree of graphitization. The results show that the FWHM of D-band of sample with RL pyrocarbon changes greatly from 36 cm-1 to 168 cm 1 after braking tests, which indicates that a large number of lattice defects are produced on its wear surface. However, the graphitization degree of resin-derived carbon sample rises significantly, because the IC/1D increases from 0.427 to 0.928. Braking tests under normal loading conditions, involving high temperature and high pressure, produce a lot of lattice defects on the wear surface, and induce the graphitization of the surface. Sample with RL pyrocarbon having a low hardness is easy to deform, and has the most lattice defects on the wear surface after braking. While raw materials with resin-derived carbon have the lowest graphitization degree which rises greatly during braking.
基金Project(40574003) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Assuming that road slope and landslide object are rigid, the landslide’s moving displacement was drawn based on their geometry shapes and the physi-mechanical features of materials, and the dynamic model of landslide was also set up, then DDOD(double difference observation data) was combined with the deformed monitoring point and the carrier phase observation data on base point, which can be used to monitor the landslide’s deformation rule from horizontal, vertical and directional view simultaneously. Observing equation was set up, which sufficiently reflects the activities of landslide in entire directions. Filter model includes some information such as mechanical state and GPS observing data by Kalman filter.
基金Project(50721063) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A novel discrete-time reaching law was proposed for uncertain discrete-time system,which contained process noise and measurement noise.The proposed method reserves all the advantages of discrete-time reaching law,which not only decreases the band width of sliding mode and strengthens the system robustness,but also improves the dynamic performance and stability capability of the system.Moreover,a discrete-time sliding mode control strategy based on Kalman filter method was designed,and Kalman filter was employed to eliminate the influence of system noise.Simulation results show that there is no chattering phenomenon in the output of controller and the state variables of controlled system,and the proposed algorithm is also feasible and has strong robustness to external disturbances.
