We studied how bioflocculants,produced by white-rot fungi,affect flocculation in slime water.Based on a test in an orthogonal design,flocculation conditions were optimized.The results show that flocculation activity i...We studied how bioflocculants,produced by white-rot fungi,affect flocculation in slime water.Based on a test in an orthogonal design,flocculation conditions were optimized.The results show that flocculation activity is at its highest when the following conditions are met:slime water concentration 27.42 g/L;coagulant aid(CaCl_2) mass concentration 5.0 g/L;two-segment stirrings:the first at a stirring speed of 60 r/min for 180 s and the second 180 r/min for 60 s;a pH of 11 and a flocculant concentration of 15 mL/L.The flocculation activity can be up to 98.71%of bioflocculants at the time.Further experiments indicate that most of the flocculation active material is found outside the mycelium cells.This is the extracellular secretion produced by mycelium cells during the fermentation process.This flocculant has strong thermal stability.Many kinds of cations have a flocculation function to assist bioflocculants.This aid-flocculation effect of the divalent cation Ca^(2+) is obvious in the bioflocculant produced by the white-rot fungus.Therefore,this is of great value when applied to control engineering in the battle against water pollution.展开更多
On the basis of single factor tests, the effect of trace elements—Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions—on biological methane production from heavy oil was investigated by the response surface method. A three-level Box-Behnken d...On the basis of single factor tests, the effect of trace elements—Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions—on biological methane production from heavy oil was investigated by the response surface method. A three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to study the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable by applying initial Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ concentration as the independent variables(factors) and using the methane production after 270 days of cultivation as the dependent variable(response). A prediction model of quadramatic polynomial regression equation was obtained. The results showed that the methane production could be as high as 240.69 μmol after optimization compared with 235.74 μmol obtained under un-optimized condition. Furthermore, the microbial communities before and after biodegradation were analyzed by PCR-DGGE method. The dominant bands were recovered and sequenced. Three strains were obtained; the strain T1 has 97% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans, the strain H3 has 97% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans and the strain H4 has 99% similarity with Bacillus vietnamensis.展开更多
The monitor is composed of a pair of electrodes,a single stage of microchannel plate,a phosphor screen,a CCD camera and a PC computer,To obtain a good uniform collecting field,forming electrodes system is used instead...The monitor is composed of a pair of electrodes,a single stage of microchannel plate,a phosphor screen,a CCD camera and a PC computer,To obtain a good uniform collecting field,forming electrodes system is used instead of that with a resistive divider,The readout system is performed by the phosphor screen and the CCD camera because the spatial resolution is not limited by the mechanical structure like the anode strip type and such video display system is very useful for beam studies and operation of the 40MeV linac,Besides,the design and test results are described in detail.展开更多
The structure and energy of the carbonium ions formed upon protonation of butane were studied by the DFT methods. Four stable structures are identified for the protonated form of n-butane, the energy increases in the ...The structure and energy of the carbonium ions formed upon protonation of butane were studied by the DFT methods. Four stable structures are identified for the protonated form of n-butane, the energy increases in the following order： C2HC3〈C1HC2〈C2HH〈C1HH, and the stability decreases in the following order C2HC3〉C1HC2〉C2HH〉C1HH. The stability of the penta-coordinated carbonium ions may be explained by the electron distribution in the three-center-two-electron bonds. The delocalization of the penta-coordinated carbonium ion CHC with three-center-two-electron bonds on positive charges was stronger than that of the penta-coordinated earbonium ion CHH with three-center-two-electron bonds and its stability was higher than that of the penta-coordinated carbonium ion CHH with three-center-two-electron bonds.展开更多
The theory of quantum error correcting codes is a primary tool for fighting decoherence and other quantum noise in quantum communication and quantum computation. Recently, the theory of quantum error correcting codes ...The theory of quantum error correcting codes is a primary tool for fighting decoherence and other quantum noise in quantum communication and quantum computation. Recently, the theory of quantum error correcting codes has developed rapidly and been extended to protect quantum information over asymmetric quantum channels, in which phase-shift and qubit-flip errors occur with different probabilities. In this paper, we generalize the construction of symmetric quantum codes via graphs (or matrices) to the asymmetric case, converting the construction of asymmetric quantum codes to finding matrices with some special properties. We also propose some asymmetric quantum Maximal Distance Separable (MDS) codes as examples constructed in this way.展开更多
In order to study the influence of parameters on durability of marine concrete structures, the parameter＇s sensitivity analysis was studied in this paper. With the Fick＇s 2nd law of diffusion and the deterministic s...In order to study the influence of parameters on durability of marine concrete structures, the parameter＇s sensitivity analysis was studied in this paper. With the Fick＇s 2nd law of diffusion and the deterministic sensitivity analysis method （DSA）, the sensitivity factors of apparent surface chloride content, apparent chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation factor were analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the impact of design variables on concrete durability was different. The values of sensitivity factor of chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation factor were higher than others. Relative less error in chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation coefficient induces a bigger error in concrete durability design and life prediction. According to probability sensitivity analysis （PSA）, the influence of mean value and variance of concrete durability design variables on the durability failure probability was studied. The results of the study provide quantitative measures of the importance of concrete durability design and life prediction variables. It was concluded that the chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation factor have more influence on the reliability of marine concrete structural durability. In durability design and life prediction of marine concrete structures, it was very important to reduce the measure and statistic error of durability design variables.展开更多
基金the Shenhuo Mining Group Co.Ltd.,China for its financial support.At the same time,we also thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40373044)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.05KJD610209) for their supportthe Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering for its technical support.
文摘We studied how bioflocculants,produced by white-rot fungi,affect flocculation in slime water.Based on a test in an orthogonal design,flocculation conditions were optimized.The results show that flocculation activity is at its highest when the following conditions are met:slime water concentration 27.42 g/L;coagulant aid(CaCl_2) mass concentration 5.0 g/L;two-segment stirrings:the first at a stirring speed of 60 r/min for 180 s and the second 180 r/min for 60 s;a pH of 11 and a flocculant concentration of 15 mL/L.The flocculation activity can be up to 98.71%of bioflocculants at the time.Further experiments indicate that most of the flocculation active material is found outside the mycelium cells.This is the extracellular secretion produced by mycelium cells during the fermentation process.This flocculant has strong thermal stability.Many kinds of cations have a flocculation function to assist bioflocculants.This aid-flocculation effect of the divalent cation Ca^(2+) is obvious in the bioflocculant produced by the white-rot fungus.Therefore,this is of great value when applied to control engineering in the battle against water pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.21307160the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No.ZR2013EEQ030the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.R1404005A
文摘On the basis of single factor tests, the effect of trace elements—Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions—on biological methane production from heavy oil was investigated by the response surface method. A three-level Box-Behnken design was employed to study the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable by applying initial Fe2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ concentration as the independent variables(factors) and using the methane production after 270 days of cultivation as the dependent variable(response). A prediction model of quadramatic polynomial regression equation was obtained. The results showed that the methane production could be as high as 240.69 μmol after optimization compared with 235.74 μmol obtained under un-optimized condition. Furthermore, the microbial communities before and after biodegradation were analyzed by PCR-DGGE method. The dominant bands were recovered and sequenced. Three strains were obtained; the strain T1 has 97% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans, the strain H3 has 97% similarity with Bacillus thermoamylovorans and the strain H4 has 99% similarity with Bacillus vietnamensis.
文摘The monitor is composed of a pair of electrodes,a single stage of microchannel plate,a phosphor screen,a CCD camera and a PC computer,To obtain a good uniform collecting field,forming electrodes system is used instead of that with a resistive divider,The readout system is performed by the phosphor screen and the CCD camera because the spatial resolution is not limited by the mechanical structure like the anode strip type and such video display system is very useful for beam studies and operation of the 40MeV linac,Besides,the design and test results are described in detail.
文摘The structure and energy of the carbonium ions formed upon protonation of butane were studied by the DFT methods. Four stable structures are identified for the protonated form of n-butane, the energy increases in the following order： C2HC3〈C1HC2〈C2HH〈C1HH, and the stability decreases in the following order C2HC3〉C1HC2〉C2HH〉C1HH. The stability of the penta-coordinated carbonium ions may be explained by the electron distribution in the three-center-two-electron bonds. The delocalization of the penta-coordinated carbonium ion CHC with three-center-two-electron bonds on positive charges was stronger than that of the penta-coordinated earbonium ion CHH with three-center-two-electron bonds and its stability was higher than that of the penta-coordinated carbonium ion CHH with three-center-two-electron bonds.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No. 2011AA010803
文摘The theory of quantum error correcting codes is a primary tool for fighting decoherence and other quantum noise in quantum communication and quantum computation. Recently, the theory of quantum error correcting codes has developed rapidly and been extended to protect quantum information over asymmetric quantum channels, in which phase-shift and qubit-flip errors occur with different probabilities. In this paper, we generalize the construction of symmetric quantum codes via graphs (or matrices) to the asymmetric case, converting the construction of asymmetric quantum codes to finding matrices with some special properties. We also propose some asymmetric quantum Maximal Distance Separable (MDS) codes as examples constructed in this way.
文摘In order to study the influence of parameters on durability of marine concrete structures, the parameter＇s sensitivity analysis was studied in this paper. With the Fick＇s 2nd law of diffusion and the deterministic sensitivity analysis method （DSA）, the sensitivity factors of apparent surface chloride content, apparent chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation factor were analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the impact of design variables on concrete durability was different. The values of sensitivity factor of chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation factor were higher than others. Relative less error in chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation coefficient induces a bigger error in concrete durability design and life prediction. According to probability sensitivity analysis （PSA）, the influence of mean value and variance of concrete durability design variables on the durability failure probability was studied. The results of the study provide quantitative measures of the importance of concrete durability design and life prediction variables. It was concluded that the chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation factor have more influence on the reliability of marine concrete structural durability. In durability design and life prediction of marine concrete structures, it was very important to reduce the measure and statistic error of durability design variables.
