镁电池具有比能量高(2 202 m Ah/g),电极电位为负(-2.36 V),较锂电池价格便宜,且放电平稳、无毒,结构简单,是21世纪的理想新能源,在综述了镁一次电池、镁二次电池、镁空气电池和双电解液镁电池的工作原理、特点及其应用现状的基础上,讨...镁电池具有比能量高(2 202 m Ah/g),电极电位为负(-2.36 V),较锂电池价格便宜,且放电平稳、无毒,结构简单,是21世纪的理想新能源,在综述了镁一次电池、镁二次电池、镁空气电池和双电解液镁电池的工作原理、特点及其应用现状的基础上,讨论了镁电池的发展方向。展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are an electrochemical energy storage technology that has been widely used for portable electrical devices,electric vehicles,and grid storage,etc.To satisfy the demand for user convenience e...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are an electrochemical energy storage technology that has been widely used for portable electrical devices,electric vehicles,and grid storage,etc.To satisfy the demand for user convenience especially for electric vehicles,the development of a fast-charging technology for LIBs has become a critical focus.In commercial LIBs,the slow kinetics of Li+intercalation into the graphite anode from the electrolyte solution is known as the main restriction for fast-charging.We summarize the recent advances in obtaining fast-charging graphite-based anodes,mainly involving modifications of the electrolyte solution and graphite anode.Specifically,strategies for increasing the ionic conductivity and regulating the Li+solvation/desolvation state in the electrolyte solution,as well as optimizing the fabrication and the intrinsic activity of graphite-based anodes are discussed in detail.This review considers practical ways to obtain fast Li+intercalation kinetics into a graphite anode from the electrolyte as well as analysing progress in the commercialization of fast-charging LIBs.展开更多
Filter capacitors play an important role in altern-ating current(AC)-line filtering for stabilizing voltage,sup-pressing harmonics,and improving power quality.However,traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors(AECs)...Filter capacitors play an important role in altern-ating current(AC)-line filtering for stabilizing voltage,sup-pressing harmonics,and improving power quality.However,traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors(AECs)suffer from a large size,short lifespan,low power density,and poor reliability,which limits their use.In contrast,ultrafast supercapacitors(SCs)are ideal for replacing commercial AECs because of their extremely high power densities,fast charging and discharging,and excellent high-frequency re-sponse.We review the design principles and key parameters for ultrafast supercapacitors and summarize research pro-gress in recent years from the aspects of electrode materials,electrolytes,and device configurations.The preparation,structures,and frequency response performance of electrode materials mainly consisting of carbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes,conductive polymers,and transition metal compounds,are focused on.Finally,future research directions for ultrafast SCs are suggested.展开更多
Lithium-oxygen batteries attract considerable attention due to exceptionally high theoretical energy density,while the development remains in its early stage.As is widely suggested,the solution mechanism induces great...Lithium-oxygen batteries attract considerable attention due to exceptionally high theoretical energy density,while the development remains in its early stage.As is widely suggested,the solution mechanism induces greater discharge capacity,while the surface mechanism induces greater cycle stability.Therefore,battery performance can be improved by adjusting the reaction mechanism.Previous studies predominantly focus on extremely thin or flat electrodes.In contrast,this work utilizes thick electrodes,emphasizing the importance of mass transport.Given that the electrolyte solvent is the main site of mass transport,the effects of two typical solvents on mass transport and battery performance are investigated:dimethyl sulfoxide with low viscosity and a high O_(2) diffusion rate and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether with high O_(2) solubility and high Li+transport capability.The results reveal a novel pathway for reaction mechanism induction where the mechanism varies with the spatial position of the electrode.As the spatial distribution of the electrode progresses,a layered appearance of solution mechanism products,transition state products,and surface mechanism products emerges,which is attributed to the increase in the mass transfer resistance.This work presents a distinct perspective on the way solvents influence reaction pathways and offers a new approach to regulating reaction pathways.展开更多
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are an electrochemical energy storage technology that has been widely used for portable electrical devices,electric vehicles,and grid storage,etc.To satisfy the demand for user convenience especially for electric vehicles,the development of a fast-charging technology for LIBs has become a critical focus.In commercial LIBs,the slow kinetics of Li+intercalation into the graphite anode from the electrolyte solution is known as the main restriction for fast-charging.We summarize the recent advances in obtaining fast-charging graphite-based anodes,mainly involving modifications of the electrolyte solution and graphite anode.Specifically,strategies for increasing the ionic conductivity and regulating the Li+solvation/desolvation state in the electrolyte solution,as well as optimizing the fabrication and the intrinsic activity of graphite-based anodes are discussed in detail.This review considers practical ways to obtain fast Li+intercalation kinetics into a graphite anode from the electrolyte as well as analysing progress in the commercialization of fast-charging LIBs.
文摘Filter capacitors play an important role in altern-ating current(AC)-line filtering for stabilizing voltage,sup-pressing harmonics,and improving power quality.However,traditional aluminum electrolytic capacitors(AECs)suffer from a large size,short lifespan,low power density,and poor reliability,which limits their use.In contrast,ultrafast supercapacitors(SCs)are ideal for replacing commercial AECs because of their extremely high power densities,fast charging and discharging,and excellent high-frequency re-sponse.We review the design principles and key parameters for ultrafast supercapacitors and summarize research pro-gress in recent years from the aspects of electrode materials,electrolytes,and device configurations.The preparation,structures,and frequency response performance of electrode materials mainly consisting of carbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes,conductive polymers,and transition metal compounds,are focused on.Finally,future research directions for ultrafast SCs are suggested.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376080 and 52306122)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2308085QE174)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0346)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20232522)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2090000057)the Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Foundation of USTC(CY2023C008).
文摘Lithium-oxygen batteries attract considerable attention due to exceptionally high theoretical energy density,while the development remains in its early stage.As is widely suggested,the solution mechanism induces greater discharge capacity,while the surface mechanism induces greater cycle stability.Therefore,battery performance can be improved by adjusting the reaction mechanism.Previous studies predominantly focus on extremely thin or flat electrodes.In contrast,this work utilizes thick electrodes,emphasizing the importance of mass transport.Given that the electrolyte solvent is the main site of mass transport,the effects of two typical solvents on mass transport and battery performance are investigated:dimethyl sulfoxide with low viscosity and a high O_(2) diffusion rate and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether with high O_(2) solubility and high Li+transport capability.The results reveal a novel pathway for reaction mechanism induction where the mechanism varies with the spatial position of the electrode.As the spatial distribution of the electrode progresses,a layered appearance of solution mechanism products,transition state products,and surface mechanism products emerges,which is attributed to the increase in the mass transfer resistance.This work presents a distinct perspective on the way solvents influence reaction pathways and offers a new approach to regulating reaction pathways.
