在建筑集成光伏(building integrated photovoltaic,BIPV)系统中,光伏组件作为具有发电能力的表面建筑材料,通常有不同的安装方向和角度,且易受到周围建筑物等形成的局部阴影影响,而采用常规的集中式、串式和多串式技术的电气结构由于...在建筑集成光伏(building integrated photovoltaic,BIPV)系统中,光伏组件作为具有发电能力的表面建筑材料,通常有不同的安装方向和角度,且易受到周围建筑物等形成的局部阴影影响,而采用常规的集中式、串式和多串式技术的电气结构由于系统最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)以光伏组件串或阵列为单位,难于获得高的能量变换效率,甚至可能形成热斑,导致光伏组件的不可逆损坏。为了解决上述问题,该文提出了一种直流模块式BIPV,该系统以将光伏组件、具有MPPT功能的高增益DC-DC变换器和表面建筑材料集成为一体的光伏直流建筑模块为核心,降低了系统成本,且每个光伏组件具有独立的MPPT,增强了系统抗阴影能力。论述了光伏直流建筑模块其拓扑设计的原则,比较分析了一族候选拓扑的性能,选择了一种适合的有源箝位型电流馈入的半桥变换拓扑做为光伏直流建筑模块中的集成DC-DC变换器,构建了直流模块式系统的实验原型,验证了系统的可行性。展开更多
The high-pressure electro-pneumatic servo valve(HESV)is a core element of the high-pressure pneumatic servo system.The annular clearance and the rounded corner of the spool-sleeve can cause the leakage at null positio...The high-pressure electro-pneumatic servo valve(HESV)is a core element of the high-pressure pneumatic servo system.The annular clearance and the rounded corner of the spool-sleeve can cause the leakage at null position,thereby affecting high-precision control and stability of the servo system.This paper investigates the effects of the clearance structure on leakage behavior at null position of the HESV.A numerical approach was employed to evaluate the effects,and then a mathematical model was established to obtain the variation law of leakage flow rate at null position.The results indicate that the leakage flow rate at null position varies linearly with supply pressure and rounded corner radius,and is nonlinear as a quadratic concave function with annular clearance.The leakage flow rate of the annular clearance and the rounded corner varies with the valve opening in an invariable−nonlinear−linear trend.A test rig system of leakage behavior at null position of the HESV was built to confirm the validity of the numerical model,which agrees well with the conducted experimental study.展开更多
In this work,a comprehensive comparison regarding the impacts of M(M=Cu,Co,Mn)substitution for Ni on the structures and the hydrogen storage kinetics of the nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg20Ni10-xMx(M=Cu,Co,Mn; x=0-4...In this work,a comprehensive comparison regarding the impacts of M(M=Cu,Co,Mn)substitution for Ni on the structures and the hydrogen storage kinetics of the nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg20Ni10-xMx(M=Cu,Co,Mn; x=0-4)alloys prepared by melt spinning has been carried out.The analysis of XRD and TEM reveals that the as-spun(M=None,Cu)alloys display an entire nanocrystalline structure,whereas the as-spun(M=Co,Mn)alloys hold a mixed structure of nanocrystalline and amorphous structure when M content x=4,indicating that the substitution of M(M=Co,Mn)for Ni facilitates the glass formation in the Mg2Ni-type alloy.Besides,all the as-spun alloys have a major phase of Mg2Ni but M(M=Co,Mn)substitution brings on the formation of some secondary phases,MgCo2 and Mg phases for M=Co as well as MnNi and Mg phases for M=Mn.Based upon the measurements of the automatic Sieverts apparatus and the automatic galvanostatic system,the impacts engendered by M(M=Cu,Co,Mn)substitution on the gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys appear to be evident.The gaseous hydriding kinetics of the alloys first rises and then declines with the growing of M(M=Cu,Co,Mn)content.Particularly,the M(M= Mn)substitution results in a sharp drop in the hydriding kinetics when x=4.The M(M=Cu,Co,Mn)substitution ameliorates the dehydriding kinetics dramatically in the order(M=Co)>(M=Mn)>(M=Cu).The electrochemical kinetics of the alloys visibly grows with M content rising for(M=Cu,Co),while it first increases and then declines for(M=Mn).展开更多
文摘在建筑集成光伏(building integrated photovoltaic,BIPV)系统中,光伏组件作为具有发电能力的表面建筑材料,通常有不同的安装方向和角度,且易受到周围建筑物等形成的局部阴影影响,而采用常规的集中式、串式和多串式技术的电气结构由于系统最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)以光伏组件串或阵列为单位,难于获得高的能量变换效率,甚至可能形成热斑,导致光伏组件的不可逆损坏。为了解决上述问题,该文提出了一种直流模块式BIPV,该系统以将光伏组件、具有MPPT功能的高增益DC-DC变换器和表面建筑材料集成为一体的光伏直流建筑模块为核心,降低了系统成本,且每个光伏组件具有独立的MPPT,增强了系统抗阴影能力。论述了光伏直流建筑模块其拓扑设计的原则,比较分析了一族候选拓扑的性能,选择了一种适合的有源箝位型电流馈入的半桥变换拓扑做为光伏直流建筑模块中的集成DC-DC变换器,构建了直流模块式系统的实验原型,验证了系统的可行性。
基金Project(51705164)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The high-pressure electro-pneumatic servo valve(HESV)is a core element of the high-pressure pneumatic servo system.The annular clearance and the rounded corner of the spool-sleeve can cause the leakage at null position,thereby affecting high-precision control and stability of the servo system.This paper investigates the effects of the clearance structure on leakage behavior at null position of the HESV.A numerical approach was employed to evaluate the effects,and then a mathematical model was established to obtain the variation law of leakage flow rate at null position.The results indicate that the leakage flow rate at null position varies linearly with supply pressure and rounded corner radius,and is nonlinear as a quadratic concave function with annular clearance.The leakage flow rate of the annular clearance and the rounded corner varies with the valve opening in an invariable−nonlinear−linear trend.A test rig system of leakage behavior at null position of the HESV was built to confirm the validity of the numerical model,which agrees well with the conducted experimental study.
基金Projects(51161015,51371094)supported by National Natural Science Foundations of ChinaProject(2011ZD10)supported by Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia,China
文摘In this work,a comprehensive comparison regarding the impacts of M(M=Cu,Co,Mn)substitution for Ni on the structures and the hydrogen storage kinetics of the nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg20Ni10-xMx(M=Cu,Co,Mn; x=0-4)alloys prepared by melt spinning has been carried out.The analysis of XRD and TEM reveals that the as-spun(M=None,Cu)alloys display an entire nanocrystalline structure,whereas the as-spun(M=Co,Mn)alloys hold a mixed structure of nanocrystalline and amorphous structure when M content x=4,indicating that the substitution of M(M=Co,Mn)for Ni facilitates the glass formation in the Mg2Ni-type alloy.Besides,all the as-spun alloys have a major phase of Mg2Ni but M(M=Co,Mn)substitution brings on the formation of some secondary phases,MgCo2 and Mg phases for M=Co as well as MnNi and Mg phases for M=Mn.Based upon the measurements of the automatic Sieverts apparatus and the automatic galvanostatic system,the impacts engendered by M(M=Cu,Co,Mn)substitution on the gaseous and electrochemical hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys appear to be evident.The gaseous hydriding kinetics of the alloys first rises and then declines with the growing of M(M=Cu,Co,Mn)content.Particularly,the M(M= Mn)substitution results in a sharp drop in the hydriding kinetics when x=4.The M(M=Cu,Co,Mn)substitution ameliorates the dehydriding kinetics dramatically in the order(M=Co)>(M=Mn)>(M=Cu).The electrochemical kinetics of the alloys visibly grows with M content rising for(M=Cu,Co),while it first increases and then declines for(M=Mn).
