Supercapacitors are gaining popularity due to their high cycling stability,power density,and fast charge and discharge rates.Researchers are ex-ploring electrode materials,electrolytes,and separat-ors for cost-effecti...Supercapacitors are gaining popularity due to their high cycling stability,power density,and fast charge and discharge rates.Researchers are ex-ploring electrode materials,electrolytes,and separat-ors for cost-effective energy storage systems.Ad-vances in materials science have led to the develop-ment of hybrid nanomaterials,such as combining fil-amentous carbon forms with inorganic nanoparticles,to create new charge and energy transfer processes.Notable materials for electrochemical energy-stor-age applications include MXenes,2D transition met-al carbides,and nitrides,carbon black,carbon aerogels,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,conducting polymers,carbon fibers,and nanofibers,and graphene,because of their thermal,electrical,and mechanical properties.Carbon materials mixed with conducting polymers,ceramics,metal oxides,transition metal oxides,metal hydroxides,transition metal sulfides,trans-ition metal dichalcogenide,metal sulfides,carbides,nitrides,and biomass materials have received widespread attention due to their remarkable performance,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and renewability.This article explores the development of carbon-based hybrid materials for future supercapacitors,including electric double-layer capacitors,pseudocapacitors,and hy-brid supercapacitors.It investigates the difficulties that influence structural design,manufacturing(electrospinning,hydro-thermal/solvothermal,template-assisted synthesis,electrodeposition,electrospray,3D printing)techniques and the latest car-bon-based hybrid materials research offer practical solutions for producing high-performance,next-generation supercapacitors.展开更多
Heat transfer of an SI engine's piston is calculated by employing three different methods based on resistor-capacitor model with the help of MATLAB code, and then the piston is thermo-mechanically analyzed using c...Heat transfer of an SI engine's piston is calculated by employing three different methods based on resistor-capacitor model with the help of MATLAB code, and then the piston is thermo-mechanically analyzed using commercial ANSYS code. The results of three methods are compared to study their effects on the piston thermal behavior. It is shown that resistor-capacitor model with less number of equations and consequently less solution time, is an appropriate method for solving problems of engine piston heat transfer. In the second part, the thermal stresses due to non-uniform temperature distribution, and mechanical stresses due to mechanical loads are calculated. Finally, the temperature distributions as a thermal load along with mechanical loads are applied to the piston to determine the total stress distribution and critical fracture zones. It is found that the amount of thermal stresses is considerable.展开更多
文摘Supercapacitors are gaining popularity due to their high cycling stability,power density,and fast charge and discharge rates.Researchers are ex-ploring electrode materials,electrolytes,and separat-ors for cost-effective energy storage systems.Ad-vances in materials science have led to the develop-ment of hybrid nanomaterials,such as combining fil-amentous carbon forms with inorganic nanoparticles,to create new charge and energy transfer processes.Notable materials for electrochemical energy-stor-age applications include MXenes,2D transition met-al carbides,and nitrides,carbon black,carbon aerogels,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,conducting polymers,carbon fibers,and nanofibers,and graphene,because of their thermal,electrical,and mechanical properties.Carbon materials mixed with conducting polymers,ceramics,metal oxides,transition metal oxides,metal hydroxides,transition metal sulfides,trans-ition metal dichalcogenide,metal sulfides,carbides,nitrides,and biomass materials have received widespread attention due to their remarkable performance,eco-friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and renewability.This article explores the development of carbon-based hybrid materials for future supercapacitors,including electric double-layer capacitors,pseudocapacitors,and hy-brid supercapacitors.It investigates the difficulties that influence structural design,manufacturing(electrospinning,hydro-thermal/solvothermal,template-assisted synthesis,electrodeposition,electrospray,3D printing)techniques and the latest car-bon-based hybrid materials research offer practical solutions for producing high-performance,next-generation supercapacitors.
文摘Heat transfer of an SI engine's piston is calculated by employing three different methods based on resistor-capacitor model with the help of MATLAB code, and then the piston is thermo-mechanically analyzed using commercial ANSYS code. The results of three methods are compared to study their effects on the piston thermal behavior. It is shown that resistor-capacitor model with less number of equations and consequently less solution time, is an appropriate method for solving problems of engine piston heat transfer. In the second part, the thermal stresses due to non-uniform temperature distribution, and mechanical stresses due to mechanical loads are calculated. Finally, the temperature distributions as a thermal load along with mechanical loads are applied to the piston to determine the total stress distribution and critical fracture zones. It is found that the amount of thermal stresses is considerable.
