目的分析心脏术后重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)患者环境压力源感知情况,并比较其对谵妄的影响。方法2019年1-5月,采用方便抽样法选取某三级甲等综合性医院心脏手术后入住ICU的306例患者为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、急性生理...目的分析心脏术后重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)患者环境压力源感知情况,并比较其对谵妄的影响。方法2019年1-5月,采用方便抽样法选取某三级甲等综合性医院心脏手术后入住ICU的306例患者为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、急性生理与慢性健康评分、ICU患者意识模糊评估法和ICU环境压力源量表对其进行调查。结果本组患者ICU环境压力源量表中平均分最高的条目为带有口腔或鼻腔插管和口渴。不同ICU入住时间的患者在ICU环境压力源得分的比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=22.79,P<0.001)。谵妄组和非谵妄组在ICU环境压力源总分及4个维度方面的比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论心脏术后ICU患者环境压力源主要为"带有口腔或鼻腔插管"和"口渴",压力源得分与ICU入住时间的长短有关,谵妄患者感知的环境压力高于非谵妄患者;环境压力源分析可为心脏术后ICU患者的环境管理提供依据。展开更多
Based on an analysis of our research results and the main problems relating to urban rainwater treatment, we propose a new approach to urban rainwater management in China. The necessity and feasibility of such a new a...Based on an analysis of our research results and the main problems relating to urban rainwater treatment, we propose a new approach to urban rainwater management in China. The necessity and feasibility of such a new approach are discussed. From an ecological point of view all components of the global system, including residents living in cities, have the same right to enjoy rainwater. Therefore, urban rainwater should neither be simply drained as waste water, nor be completely harvested as a kind of resource. The objective of this new approach is to maintain the natural hydrological cycle in urban areas during urbanization. When necessary, it could also be used to regulate the amount of runoff, evaporation and infiltration in a city in order to rehabilitate the hydrological cycle given the local conditions. Three basic principles should be adopted in rainwater management, i.e., separation of rainfall from sewage, limited utilization and small and decentralized facilities. Four methods can be used for urban rainwater management: rainwater harvest, rainwater infiltration, rainwater storage and rainwater pipes. The natural hydrological cycle in urban areas could be rehabilitated through rainwater management, which is of great importance for sustainable development of our cities.展开更多
Directional drilling has been established in the coal industry as a viable means of gas drainage, exploration and water management. But the environment in and around coal seams is not always conducive to stable condit...Directional drilling has been established in the coal industry as a viable means of gas drainage, exploration and water management. But the environment in and around coal seams is not always conducive to stable conditions while drilling and borehole stability after the drilling has been completed. This paper identifies the conditions which cause unstable drilling conditions and the various means which are used to attempt to manage or bypass those conditions. Ultimately, equipment does become bogged in these adverse environments and requires recovery by over-coring.展开更多
文摘目的分析心脏术后重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)患者环境压力源感知情况,并比较其对谵妄的影响。方法2019年1-5月,采用方便抽样法选取某三级甲等综合性医院心脏手术后入住ICU的306例患者为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、急性生理与慢性健康评分、ICU患者意识模糊评估法和ICU环境压力源量表对其进行调查。结果本组患者ICU环境压力源量表中平均分最高的条目为带有口腔或鼻腔插管和口渴。不同ICU入住时间的患者在ICU环境压力源得分的比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=22.79,P<0.001)。谵妄组和非谵妄组在ICU环境压力源总分及4个维度方面的比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论心脏术后ICU患者环境压力源主要为"带有口腔或鼻腔插管"和"口渴",压力源得分与ICU入住时间的长短有关,谵妄患者感知的环境压力高于非谵妄患者;环境压力源分析可为心脏术后ICU患者的环境管理提供依据。
基金Projects 40371113 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and OF060096Young Foundation of China University of Mining &Technology
文摘Based on an analysis of our research results and the main problems relating to urban rainwater treatment, we propose a new approach to urban rainwater management in China. The necessity and feasibility of such a new approach are discussed. From an ecological point of view all components of the global system, including residents living in cities, have the same right to enjoy rainwater. Therefore, urban rainwater should neither be simply drained as waste water, nor be completely harvested as a kind of resource. The objective of this new approach is to maintain the natural hydrological cycle in urban areas during urbanization. When necessary, it could also be used to regulate the amount of runoff, evaporation and infiltration in a city in order to rehabilitate the hydrological cycle given the local conditions. Three basic principles should be adopted in rainwater management, i.e., separation of rainfall from sewage, limited utilization and small and decentralized facilities. Four methods can be used for urban rainwater management: rainwater harvest, rainwater infiltration, rainwater storage and rainwater pipes. The natural hydrological cycle in urban areas could be rehabilitated through rainwater management, which is of great importance for sustainable development of our cities.
文摘Directional drilling has been established in the coal industry as a viable means of gas drainage, exploration and water management. But the environment in and around coal seams is not always conducive to stable conditions while drilling and borehole stability after the drilling has been completed. This paper identifies the conditions which cause unstable drilling conditions and the various means which are used to attempt to manage or bypass those conditions. Ultimately, equipment does become bogged in these adverse environments and requires recovery by over-coring.
