采用超临界溶液快速膨胀法制备盐酸氟桂利嗪药物微粒,研究了该方法使盐酸氟桂利嗪微粒化过程中萃取温度、萃取压力、膨胀室温度、喷嘴温度、喷嘴直径以及夹带剂用量对药物微粒的粒径大小以及形态的影响,并用正交实验法对该工艺条件进行...采用超临界溶液快速膨胀法制备盐酸氟桂利嗪药物微粒,研究了该方法使盐酸氟桂利嗪微粒化过程中萃取温度、萃取压力、膨胀室温度、喷嘴温度、喷嘴直径以及夹带剂用量对药物微粒的粒径大小以及形态的影响,并用正交实验法对该工艺条件进行优化.结果表明:采用超临界溶液快速膨胀法成功制备了粒径小且分布均匀的球型或类球型盐酸氟桂利嗪微粒,平均直径为1.285~6.893μm,经正交实验优化得到该工艺的最佳条件为:萃取温度35℃,萃取压力25 MPa,喷嘴温度140℃,夹带剂用量0.3 m L/min,此时得到微粒的平均粒径为1.386μm.采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析对药物微粒进行了分析表征,超临界溶液快速膨胀前后盐酸氟桂利嗪药物微粒物理化学性质、晶体结构基本保持稳定.展开更多
The constructed potential-pH diagrams of Li-Ni(Co,Mn)-H_(2)O system indicate that the LiNiO_(2),LiCoO_(2)and LiMnO_(2)are thermodynamically stable in aqueous solution within the temperature range of 25-200℃and the ac...The constructed potential-pH diagrams of Li-Ni(Co,Mn)-H_(2)O system indicate that the LiNiO_(2),LiCoO_(2)and LiMnO_(2)are thermodynamically stable in aqueous solution within the temperature range of 25-200℃and the activity range of 0.01-1.00.A predominant co-region of LiNiO_(2),LiCoO_(2)and LiMnO_(2)oxides(Li-Ni-Co-Mncomposite oxide)is found in the Li-Ni-Co-Mn-H_(2)O potential-pH diagrams,in which the co-precipitation region expands towards lower pH with rising temperature,indicating the enhanced possibility of synthesizing Li-Ni-Co-Mn composite oxide in aqueous solution.The experimental results prove that it is feasible to prepare the LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2)cathode materials(NCM523)by an aqueous routine.The as-prepared lithiated precursor and NCM523 both inherit the spherical morphology of the hydroxide precursor and the obtained NCM523 has a hexagonalα-NaFeO_(2)structure with good crystallinity.It is reasonable to conclude that the aqueous routine for preparing NCM cathode materials is a promising method with the guidance of the reliable potential-pH diagrams to some extent.展开更多
Chalcopyrite is one of the most important copper minerals;however,the extracted efficiency of chalcopyrite is still not satisfactory in hydrometallurgy owing to its high lattice energy which leads to its low dissoluti...Chalcopyrite is one of the most important copper minerals;however,the extracted efficiency of chalcopyrite is still not satisfactory in hydrometallurgy owing to its high lattice energy which leads to its low dissolution kinetics.To overcome the difficulties,many advanced technologies have been developed,including the selection of high effectively bacteria,the inhibition of the passivation film adhered onto the minerals surface,and the maintenance of solution redox potential under an optimum range.Up to date,considerable researches on the first two terms have been summarized,while the overview of the last term has been rarely reported.Based on corresponding works in recent years,key trends and roles of solution redox potential in copper hydrometallurgy,including its definition,effect and maintenance,have been introduced in this review.展开更多
Four types of common seaweeds(Laminaria japonica,Undaria pinnatifida,Porphyra haitanensis,and Gracilaria lemaneiformis) were examined to remove Cr(Ⅵ) ions from aqueous solution.The experimental parameters that affect...Four types of common seaweeds(Laminaria japonica,Undaria pinnatifida,Porphyra haitanensis,and Gracilaria lemaneiformis) were examined to remove Cr(Ⅵ) ions from aqueous solution.The experimental parameters that affected the biosorption process including pH,biomass dosage,contact time and temperature were investigated via batch experiments.The surface characteristics of seaweeds before and after Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption were studied with scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results show that an initial solution with the pH of 1.0 is most favorable for Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption.Rapid adsorption is observed in the initial stage and adsorption equilibrium state is reached within 1 h.The adsorption efficiency by Porphyra haitanensis is the maximum among four types of seaweed powders,followed by Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida with biosorption efficiency up to 90%.The removal rate of Gracilaria lemaneiformis is less than 60%.The kinetic data obtained using the seaweeds are found to follow pseudo-second order kinetic model.Experimental sorption data adequately correlate with the Langmuir model.FTIR indicates that amino and carboxyl groups play an important role in the process of Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption and a large percentage of Cr(Ⅵ) ions are reduced by reductive groups on the surface of seaweeds.展开更多
This work presents a method to solve the weak solubility of zinc chloride(ZnCl_2) in the ethanol by adding some reasonable water into an ethanol electrolyte containing ZnCl_2 and myristic acid(CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COOH).A r...This work presents a method to solve the weak solubility of zinc chloride(ZnCl_2) in the ethanol by adding some reasonable water into an ethanol electrolyte containing ZnCl_2 and myristic acid(CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COOH).A rapid one-step electrodeposition process was developed to fabricate anodic(2.5 min) and cathodic(40 s) superhydrophobic surfaces of copper substrate(contact angle more than 150°) in an aqueous ethanol electrolyte.Morphology,composition,chemical structure and superhydrophobicity of these superhydrophobic surfaces were investigated by SEM,FTIR,XRD,and contact angle measurement,respectively.The results indicate that water ratio of the electrolyte can reduce the required deposition time,superhydrophobic surface needs over 30 min with anhydrous electrolyte,while it needs only 2.5 min with electrolyte including 10 mL water,and the maximum contact angle of anodic surface is 166° and that of the cathodic surface is 168°.Two copper electrode surfaces have different reactions in the process of electrodeposition time,and the anodic copper surface covers copper myristate(Cu[CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COO]_2) and cupric chloride(CuCl);while,zinc myristate(Zn[CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COO]_2) and pure zinc(Zn) appear on the cathodic surface.展开更多
The stability of ionic liquid additive 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate （[BMIM]HSO4） during zinc electrowinning from acidic sulfate solution was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impeda...The stability of ionic liquid additive 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate （[BMIM]HSO4） during zinc electrowinning from acidic sulfate solution was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Compared with the traditional industrial additives, gelatine and gum arabic, [BMIM]HSO4 has more excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. The inhibition effects of gelatine and gum arabic on the zinc electrocrystallization are observed to markedly weaken due to their part degradation after 12 h longtime successive electrolysis and high temperature （90 ℃） treatments. In contrast, the activity of [BMIM]HSO4 is practically unaffected after 24 h longtime successive electrolysis and high temperature treatments. These results are corroborated with the corresponding morphological analysis of the cathodic deposits.展开更多
The effects of pyrolysis mode and pyrolysis parameters on Cl content in alumina were investigated, and the alumina products were characterized by XRD, SEM and ASAP. The experimental results indicate that the spray pyr...The effects of pyrolysis mode and pyrolysis parameters on Cl content in alumina were investigated, and the alumina products were characterized by XRD, SEM and ASAP. The experimental results indicate that the spray pyrolysis efficiency is higher than that of static pyrolysis process, and the reaction and evaporation process lead to a multi-plot state of the alumina products by spray pyrolysis. Aluminum phase starts to transform into γ-Al2O3 at spray pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, which is about 200 °C lower than that of static pyrolysis process. The primary particle size of γ-Al2O3 product is 27.62 nm, and Cl content in alumina products is 0.38% at 800 °C for 20 min.展开更多
文摘采用超临界溶液快速膨胀法制备盐酸氟桂利嗪药物微粒,研究了该方法使盐酸氟桂利嗪微粒化过程中萃取温度、萃取压力、膨胀室温度、喷嘴温度、喷嘴直径以及夹带剂用量对药物微粒的粒径大小以及形态的影响,并用正交实验法对该工艺条件进行优化.结果表明:采用超临界溶液快速膨胀法成功制备了粒径小且分布均匀的球型或类球型盐酸氟桂利嗪微粒,平均直径为1.285~6.893μm,经正交实验优化得到该工艺的最佳条件为:萃取温度35℃,萃取压力25 MPa,喷嘴温度140℃,夹带剂用量0.3 m L/min,此时得到微粒的平均粒径为1.386μm.采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射、热重分析对药物微粒进行了分析表征,超临界溶液快速膨胀前后盐酸氟桂利嗪药物微粒物理化学性质、晶体结构基本保持稳定.
基金Project(FA2019015)supported by the Government of Chongzuo,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,ChinaProject(AD18281073)supported by Science and Technology Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China
文摘The constructed potential-pH diagrams of Li-Ni(Co,Mn)-H_(2)O system indicate that the LiNiO_(2),LiCoO_(2)and LiMnO_(2)are thermodynamically stable in aqueous solution within the temperature range of 25-200℃and the activity range of 0.01-1.00.A predominant co-region of LiNiO_(2),LiCoO_(2)and LiMnO_(2)oxides(Li-Ni-Co-Mncomposite oxide)is found in the Li-Ni-Co-Mn-H_(2)O potential-pH diagrams,in which the co-precipitation region expands towards lower pH with rising temperature,indicating the enhanced possibility of synthesizing Li-Ni-Co-Mn composite oxide in aqueous solution.The experimental results prove that it is feasible to prepare the LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_(2)cathode materials(NCM523)by an aqueous routine.The as-prepared lithiated precursor and NCM523 both inherit the spherical morphology of the hydroxide precursor and the obtained NCM523 has a hexagonalα-NaFeO_(2)structure with good crystallinity.It is reasonable to conclude that the aqueous routine for preparing NCM cathode materials is a promising method with the guidance of the reliable potential-pH diagrams to some extent.
基金Projects(51774332,U1932129,51804350,51934009)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2018JJ1041)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China。
文摘Chalcopyrite is one of the most important copper minerals;however,the extracted efficiency of chalcopyrite is still not satisfactory in hydrometallurgy owing to its high lattice energy which leads to its low dissolution kinetics.To overcome the difficulties,many advanced technologies have been developed,including the selection of high effectively bacteria,the inhibition of the passivation film adhered onto the minerals surface,and the maintenance of solution redox potential under an optimum range.Up to date,considerable researches on the first two terms have been summarized,while the overview of the last term has been rarely reported.Based on corresponding works in recent years,key trends and roles of solution redox potential in copper hydrometallurgy,including its definition,effect and maintenance,have been introduced in this review.
基金Project(KLUEH201302) supported by Funded by the Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of SciencesProject(51004053) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project(3502Z20116008) supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Xiamen City,ChinaProject(JA11146) supported by the Program for Fostering Distinguished Young Scholars in University of Fujian Province,ChinaProject(2011B003) supported by the Foundation for Young Professors of Jimei University,China
文摘Four types of common seaweeds(Laminaria japonica,Undaria pinnatifida,Porphyra haitanensis,and Gracilaria lemaneiformis) were examined to remove Cr(Ⅵ) ions from aqueous solution.The experimental parameters that affected the biosorption process including pH,biomass dosage,contact time and temperature were investigated via batch experiments.The surface characteristics of seaweeds before and after Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption were studied with scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results show that an initial solution with the pH of 1.0 is most favorable for Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption.Rapid adsorption is observed in the initial stage and adsorption equilibrium state is reached within 1 h.The adsorption efficiency by Porphyra haitanensis is the maximum among four types of seaweed powders,followed by Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida with biosorption efficiency up to 90%.The removal rate of Gracilaria lemaneiformis is less than 60%.The kinetic data obtained using the seaweeds are found to follow pseudo-second order kinetic model.Experimental sorption data adequately correlate with the Langmuir model.FTIR indicates that amino and carboxyl groups play an important role in the process of Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption and a large percentage of Cr(Ⅵ) ions are reduced by reductive groups on the surface of seaweeds.
基金Projects(11304243,11102164)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014JQ1039)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shannxi Province,China+3 种基金Project(12JK0966)supported by the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department,ChinaProject(2013QDJ037)supported by the Xi’an University of Science and Technology Dr Scientific Research Fund,ChinaProject(3102016ZY027)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaProject(13GH014602)supported by the Program of New Staff and Research Area Project of NPU,China
文摘This work presents a method to solve the weak solubility of zinc chloride(ZnCl_2) in the ethanol by adding some reasonable water into an ethanol electrolyte containing ZnCl_2 and myristic acid(CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COOH).A rapid one-step electrodeposition process was developed to fabricate anodic(2.5 min) and cathodic(40 s) superhydrophobic surfaces of copper substrate(contact angle more than 150°) in an aqueous ethanol electrolyte.Morphology,composition,chemical structure and superhydrophobicity of these superhydrophobic surfaces were investigated by SEM,FTIR,XRD,and contact angle measurement,respectively.The results indicate that water ratio of the electrolyte can reduce the required deposition time,superhydrophobic surface needs over 30 min with anhydrous electrolyte,while it needs only 2.5 min with electrolyte including 10 mL water,and the maximum contact angle of anodic surface is 166° and that of the cathodic surface is 168°.Two copper electrode surfaces have different reactions in the process of electrodeposition time,and the anodic copper surface covers copper myristate(Cu[CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COO]_2) and cupric chloride(CuCl);while,zinc myristate(Zn[CH_3(CH_2)_(12)COO]_2) and pure zinc(Zn) appear on the cathodic surface.
基金Project(2011FA009) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province,ChinaProject(2011FZ020) supported by the Application Foundation Research of Yunnan Province,China
文摘The stability of ionic liquid additive 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate （[BMIM]HSO4） during zinc electrowinning from acidic sulfate solution was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Compared with the traditional industrial additives, gelatine and gum arabic, [BMIM]HSO4 has more excellent chemical and thermal stabilities. The inhibition effects of gelatine and gum arabic on the zinc electrocrystallization are observed to markedly weaken due to their part degradation after 12 h longtime successive electrolysis and high temperature （90 ℃） treatments. In contrast, the activity of [BMIM]HSO4 is practically unaffected after 24 h longtime successive electrolysis and high temperature treatments. These results are corroborated with the corresponding morphological analysis of the cathodic deposits.
基金Projects(U1202274,51004033,51204040)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012AA062303)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China+2 种基金Project(2012BAE01B02)supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program of ChinaProject(L2014096)supported by the Education Department of Liaoning Province,ChinaProject(N130702001)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘The effects of pyrolysis mode and pyrolysis parameters on Cl content in alumina were investigated, and the alumina products were characterized by XRD, SEM and ASAP. The experimental results indicate that the spray pyrolysis efficiency is higher than that of static pyrolysis process, and the reaction and evaporation process lead to a multi-plot state of the alumina products by spray pyrolysis. Aluminum phase starts to transform into γ-Al2O3 at spray pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, which is about 200 °C lower than that of static pyrolysis process. The primary particle size of γ-Al2O3 product is 27.62 nm, and Cl content in alumina products is 0.38% at 800 °C for 20 min.
