城市污水处理过程中,降低能耗具有重要意义。基于污水处理1号基准模型(Benchmark Simulation Model No.1,BSM1),设计5组线性自抗扰控制方案,获得了针对污水处理过程的线性自抗扰控制的有效参数整定方法;同时,根据活性污泥法工艺,确定影...城市污水处理过程中,降低能耗具有重要意义。基于污水处理1号基准模型(Benchmark Simulation Model No.1,BSM1),设计5组线性自抗扰控制方案,获得了针对污水处理过程的线性自抗扰控制的有效参数整定方法;同时,根据活性污泥法工艺,确定影响污水处理水质和能耗的主要因素,并分析了各种控制方案下的出水水质和能耗,获得了污水处理的优化控制方案。仿真结果表明,在保证出水水质指标的前提下,利用线性自抗扰控制方法合理控制污水处理工艺中的硝化和反硝化反应可有效降低污水处理的能耗,为工程应用提供了思路。展开更多
Activated carbon(AC) was prepared from surplus sludge using chemical activation method with the assistance of ZnCl2. The influences of process parameters on the AC's specific surface area and adsorption capacity f...Activated carbon(AC) was prepared from surplus sludge using chemical activation method with the assistance of ZnCl2. The influences of process parameters on the AC's specific surface area and adsorption capacity for Pb2+ were examined to optimize these parameters. The optimal conditions for the preparation of AC were determined to be activation temperature of 500 °C, activation time of 1 h, impregnation ratio of 1:1(solid-to-liquid volume) with the 30% ZnCl2 solution(mass fraction), giving the BET surface area of 393.85 m2/g and yield of 30.14% with 33.45% ash. Also, the pyrolysis temperature was found to be the most important parameter in chemical activation. FTIR spectra provided the evidence of some surface structures such as C=C and C—O—C. In the adsorption studies, a rise in solution pH led to a significant increase in adsorption capacity when the pH value varied from 3.0 to 7.0, and the optimal pH for removal of Pb2+ was 7.0. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order equation provided better correlation for the adsorption rate than the pseudo-first-order and the Langmuir model fitted better than the Freundlich model for adsorption isotherm. The adsorption capacity of AC to Pb2+ was 11.75 mg/L at solution pH 7.0, the equilibrium time 480 min and 25 °C. Moreover, the adsorption process is endothermic according to the value of enthalpy change.展开更多
文摘城市污水处理过程中,降低能耗具有重要意义。基于污水处理1号基准模型(Benchmark Simulation Model No.1,BSM1),设计5组线性自抗扰控制方案,获得了针对污水处理过程的线性自抗扰控制的有效参数整定方法;同时,根据活性污泥法工艺,确定影响污水处理水质和能耗的主要因素,并分析了各种控制方案下的出水水质和能耗,获得了污水处理的优化控制方案。仿真结果表明,在保证出水水质指标的前提下,利用线性自抗扰控制方法合理控制污水处理工艺中的硝化和反硝化反应可有效降低污水处理的能耗,为工程应用提供了思路。
基金Project supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis,China
文摘Activated carbon(AC) was prepared from surplus sludge using chemical activation method with the assistance of ZnCl2. The influences of process parameters on the AC's specific surface area and adsorption capacity for Pb2+ were examined to optimize these parameters. The optimal conditions for the preparation of AC were determined to be activation temperature of 500 °C, activation time of 1 h, impregnation ratio of 1:1(solid-to-liquid volume) with the 30% ZnCl2 solution(mass fraction), giving the BET surface area of 393.85 m2/g and yield of 30.14% with 33.45% ash. Also, the pyrolysis temperature was found to be the most important parameter in chemical activation. FTIR spectra provided the evidence of some surface structures such as C=C and C—O—C. In the adsorption studies, a rise in solution pH led to a significant increase in adsorption capacity when the pH value varied from 3.0 to 7.0, and the optimal pH for removal of Pb2+ was 7.0. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order equation provided better correlation for the adsorption rate than the pseudo-first-order and the Langmuir model fitted better than the Freundlich model for adsorption isotherm. The adsorption capacity of AC to Pb2+ was 11.75 mg/L at solution pH 7.0, the equilibrium time 480 min and 25 °C. Moreover, the adsorption process is endothermic according to the value of enthalpy change.
