Two major challenges,high cost and short lifespan,have been hindering the commercialization process of lowtemperature fuel cells.Professor Wei's group has been focusing on decreasing cathode Pt loadings without lo...Two major challenges,high cost and short lifespan,have been hindering the commercialization process of lowtemperature fuel cells.Professor Wei's group has been focusing on decreasing cathode Pt loadings without losses of activity and durability,and their research advances in this area over the past three decades are briefly reviewed herein.Regarding the Pt-based catalysts and the low Pt usage,they have firstly tried to clarify the degradation mechanism of Pt/C catalysts,and then demonstrated that the activity and stability could be improved by three strategies:regulating the nanostructures of the active sites,enhancing the effects of support materials,and optimizing structures of the three-phase boundary.For Pt-free catalysts,especialiy carbon-based ones,several strategies that they proposed to enhance the activity of nitrogen-/heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts are firstly presented.Then,an indepth understanding of the degradation mechanism for carbon-based catalysts is discussed,and followed by the corresponding stability enhancement strategies.Also,the carbon-based electrode at the micrometer-scale,faces the challenges such as low active-site density,thick catalytic layer,and the effect of hydrogen peroxide,which require rational structure design for the integral cathodic electrode.This review finally gives a brief conclusion and outlook about the low cost and long lifespan of cathodic oxygen reduction catalysts.展开更多
Low-cost catalysts with high activity are in immediate demand for energy storage and conversion devices.In this study,polyvinyl pyrrolidone was used as a complexing agent to synthesize La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)...Low-cost catalysts with high activity are in immediate demand for energy storage and conversion devices.In this study,polyvinyl pyrrolidone was used as a complexing agent to synthesize La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3)(LSCF)perovskite oxide.The obtained porous layered LSCF has a large specific surface area of 23.74 m^(2)/g,four times higher than that prepared by the traditional sol-gel method(5.08 m^(2)/g).The oxygen reduction reaction activity of the oxide in 0.1 mol/L KOH solution was studied using a rotating ring-disk electrode.In the tests,the initial potential of 0.88 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode)and the limiting diffusion current density of 5.02 mA/cm^(2)were obtained at 1600 r/min.Therefore,higher catalytic activity and stability were demonstrated,compared with the preparation of LSCF perovskite oxide by the traditional method.展开更多
Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)plays a crucial role in many energy storage and conversion devices.Currently,the development of inexpensive and high-performance carbon-based non-precious-metal ORR catalysts in alkaline ...Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)plays a crucial role in many energy storage and conversion devices.Currently,the development of inexpensive and high-performance carbon-based non-precious-metal ORR catalysts in alkaline media still gains a wide attention.In this paper,the mesoporous Fe-N/C catalysts were synthesized through SiO2-mediated templating method using biomass soybeans as the nitrogen and carbon sources.The SiO2 templates create a simultaneous optimization of both the surface functionalities and porous structures of Fe-N/C catalysts.Detailed investigations indicate that the Fe-N/C3 catalyst prepared with the mass ratio of SiO2 to soybean being 3:4 exhibits brilliant electrocatalytic performance,excellent long-term stability and methanol tolerance for the ORR,with the onset potential and the half-wave potential of the ORR being about 0.890 V and 0.783 V(vs RHE),respectively.Meanwhile,the desired 4-electron transfer pathway of the ORR on the catalysts can be observed.It is significantly proposed that the high BET specific surface area and the appropriate pore-size,as well as the high pyridinic-N and total nitrogen loadings may play key roles in enhancing the ORR performance for the Fe-N/C3 catalyst.These results suggest a feasible route based on the economical and sustainable soybean biomass to develop inexpensive and highly efficient non-precious metal electrochemical catalysts for the ORR.展开更多
Magneli phase titanium sub-oxide conductive ceramic Tin O2n-1 was used as the support for Pt due to its excellent resistance to electrochemical oxidation, and Pt/Tin O2n-1 composites were prepared by the impregnation-...Magneli phase titanium sub-oxide conductive ceramic Tin O2n-1 was used as the support for Pt due to its excellent resistance to electrochemical oxidation, and Pt/Tin O2n-1 composites were prepared by the impregnation-reduction method. The electrochemical stability of Tin O2n-1 was investigated and the results show almost no change in the redox region after oxidation for 20 h at 1.2 V(vs NHE) in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 aqueous solution. The catalytic activity and stability of the Pt/Tin O2n-1 toward the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution were investigated through the accelerated aging tests(AAT), and the morphology of the catalysts before and after the AAT was observed by transmission electron microscopy. At the potential of 0.55 V(vs SCE), the specific kinetic current density of the ORR on the Pt/Tin O2n-1 is about 1.5 times that of the Pt/C. The LSV curves for the Pt/C shift negatively obviously with the half-wave potential shifting about 0.02 V after 8000 cycles AAT, while no obvious change takes place for the LSV curves for the Pt/Tin O2n-1. The Pt particles supported on the carbon aggregate obviously, while the morphology of the Pt supported on Tin O2n-1 remains almost unchanged, which contributes to the electrochemical surface area loss of Pt/C being about 2times that of the Pt/Tin O2n-1. The superior catalytic stability of Pt/Tin O2n-1 toward the ORR could be attributed to the excellent stability of the Tin O2n-1 and the electronic interaction between the metals and the support.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFB1506002,2019YFB1504503,2016YFB0101202)National 973 Program of China(No.2012CB215501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52021004,22022502(2021),21822803(2019),21576031(2016),51272297(2013),20936008(2010),20676156(2007),20376088(2004),20176066(2002),29976047(2000)).
文摘Two major challenges,high cost and short lifespan,have been hindering the commercialization process of lowtemperature fuel cells.Professor Wei's group has been focusing on decreasing cathode Pt loadings without losses of activity and durability,and their research advances in this area over the past three decades are briefly reviewed herein.Regarding the Pt-based catalysts and the low Pt usage,they have firstly tried to clarify the degradation mechanism of Pt/C catalysts,and then demonstrated that the activity and stability could be improved by three strategies:regulating the nanostructures of the active sites,enhancing the effects of support materials,and optimizing structures of the three-phase boundary.For Pt-free catalysts,especialiy carbon-based ones,several strategies that they proposed to enhance the activity of nitrogen-/heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts are firstly presented.Then,an indepth understanding of the degradation mechanism for carbon-based catalysts is discussed,and followed by the corresponding stability enhancement strategies.Also,the carbon-based electrode at the micrometer-scale,faces the challenges such as low active-site density,thick catalytic layer,and the effect of hydrogen peroxide,which require rational structure design for the integral cathodic electrode.This review finally gives a brief conclusion and outlook about the low cost and long lifespan of cathodic oxygen reduction catalysts.
基金Project(20192BAB216015)supported by the Science and Technology Program of Jiangxi Province,ChinaProjects(GJJ180464,GJJ171499)supported by the Science and Technology Program of Education Department of Jiangxi Province,China+2 种基金Project(jxxjbs17057)supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,ChinaProject([2018]50)supported by the Key R&D Programs of Science and Technology Project of Ganzhou City,ChinaProject([2017]179)supported by the Science and Technology Project of Ganzhou City,China。
文摘Low-cost catalysts with high activity are in immediate demand for energy storage and conversion devices.In this study,polyvinyl pyrrolidone was used as a complexing agent to synthesize La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3)(LSCF)perovskite oxide.The obtained porous layered LSCF has a large specific surface area of 23.74 m^(2)/g,four times higher than that prepared by the traditional sol-gel method(5.08 m^(2)/g).The oxygen reduction reaction activity of the oxide in 0.1 mol/L KOH solution was studied using a rotating ring-disk electrode.In the tests,the initial potential of 0.88 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode)and the limiting diffusion current density of 5.02 mA/cm^(2)were obtained at 1600 r/min.Therefore,higher catalytic activity and stability were demonstrated,compared with the preparation of LSCF perovskite oxide by the traditional method.
基金Project(21406273)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)plays a crucial role in many energy storage and conversion devices.Currently,the development of inexpensive and high-performance carbon-based non-precious-metal ORR catalysts in alkaline media still gains a wide attention.In this paper,the mesoporous Fe-N/C catalysts were synthesized through SiO2-mediated templating method using biomass soybeans as the nitrogen and carbon sources.The SiO2 templates create a simultaneous optimization of both the surface functionalities and porous structures of Fe-N/C catalysts.Detailed investigations indicate that the Fe-N/C3 catalyst prepared with the mass ratio of SiO2 to soybean being 3:4 exhibits brilliant electrocatalytic performance,excellent long-term stability and methanol tolerance for the ORR,with the onset potential and the half-wave potential of the ORR being about 0.890 V and 0.783 V(vs RHE),respectively.Meanwhile,the desired 4-electron transfer pathway of the ORR on the catalysts can be observed.It is significantly proposed that the high BET specific surface area and the appropriate pore-size,as well as the high pyridinic-N and total nitrogen loadings may play key roles in enhancing the ORR performance for the Fe-N/C3 catalyst.These results suggest a feasible route based on the economical and sustainable soybean biomass to develop inexpensive and highly efficient non-precious metal electrochemical catalysts for the ORR.
基金Project(21406273)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Magneli phase titanium sub-oxide conductive ceramic Tin O2n-1 was used as the support for Pt due to its excellent resistance to electrochemical oxidation, and Pt/Tin O2n-1 composites were prepared by the impregnation-reduction method. The electrochemical stability of Tin O2n-1 was investigated and the results show almost no change in the redox region after oxidation for 20 h at 1.2 V(vs NHE) in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 aqueous solution. The catalytic activity and stability of the Pt/Tin O2n-1 toward the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution were investigated through the accelerated aging tests(AAT), and the morphology of the catalysts before and after the AAT was observed by transmission electron microscopy. At the potential of 0.55 V(vs SCE), the specific kinetic current density of the ORR on the Pt/Tin O2n-1 is about 1.5 times that of the Pt/C. The LSV curves for the Pt/C shift negatively obviously with the half-wave potential shifting about 0.02 V after 8000 cycles AAT, while no obvious change takes place for the LSV curves for the Pt/Tin O2n-1. The Pt particles supported on the carbon aggregate obviously, while the morphology of the Pt supported on Tin O2n-1 remains almost unchanged, which contributes to the electrochemical surface area loss of Pt/C being about 2times that of the Pt/Tin O2n-1. The superior catalytic stability of Pt/Tin O2n-1 toward the ORR could be attributed to the excellent stability of the Tin O2n-1 and the electronic interaction between the metals and the support.
