Based on the similarity theory,a tunnel excavation simulation testing system under typical unsymmetrical loading conditions was established.Using this system,the failure mechanism of surrounding rock of shallow-bias t...Based on the similarity theory,a tunnel excavation simulation testing system under typical unsymmetrical loading conditions was established.Using this system,the failure mechanism of surrounding rock of shallow-bias tunnels with small clear distance was analyzed along with the load characteristics.The results show that:1) The failure process of surrounding rock of shallow-bias tunnels with small clear distance consists of structural and stratum deformation induced by tunnel excavation; Microfracture surfaces are formed in the tunnel surrounding rock and extend deep into the rock mass in a larger density; Tensile cracking occurs in shallow position on the deep-buried side,with shear slip in deep rock mass.In the meantime,rapid deformation and slip take place on the shallow-buried side until the surrounding rocks totally collapse.The production and development of micro-fracture surfaces in the tunnel surrounding rock and tensile cracking in the shallow position on the deep-buried side represent the key stages of failure.2) The final failure mode is featured by an inverted conical fracture with tunnel arch as its top and the slope at tunnel entrance slope as its bottom.The range of failure on the deep-buried side is significantly larger than that on the shallow-buried side.Such difference becomes more prominent with the increasing bias angle.What distinguishes it from the "linear fracture surface" model is that the model proposed has a larger fracture angle on the two sides.Moreover,the bottom of the fracture is located at the springing line of tunnel arch.3) The total vertical load increases with bias angle.Compared with the existing methods,the unsymmetrical loading effect in measurement is more prominent.At last,countermeasures are proposed according to the analysis results: during engineering process,1) The surrounding rock mass on the deep-buried side should be reinforced apart from the tunnel surrounding rock for shallow-buried tunnels with small clear distance; moreover,the scope of consolidation should go beyond the midline of tunnel(along the direction of the top of slope) by 4 excavation spans of single tunnel.2) It is necessary to modify the load value of shallow-bias tunnels with small clear distance.展开更多
In order to validate the simulation model and develop heave compensation control strategy,heave compensation model tests were performed.The model test installation includes themining ship motion simulator,the heave co...In order to validate the simulation model and develop heave compensation control strategy,heave compensation model tests were performed.The model test installation includes themining ship motion simulator,the heave compensation system,the lifting pipe simulator,the buffer simulator and the water pool.The tests ofmining ship motion simulator show that it is able to perform under the predetermined attitude path smoothly and can meet the requirements of themining ship motions.The heave compensation effect is more than 60% under random wave and the goal is set to be 50%.The model test results indicate that this heave compensation system is effective and feasible.展开更多
In order to utilize the spontaneous accumulation of heat (SAH) reasonably and obtain the high quality sinter with low energy consumption, a lower fuel consumption modeling based on raw materials of a certain steel wor...In order to utilize the spontaneous accumulation of heat (SAH) reasonably and obtain the high quality sinter with low energy consumption, a lower fuel consumption modeling based on raw materials of a certain steel works was built. An air-flow segregation feeding (ASF) experimental equipment was designed to simulate strand feeding process and calculate the lower fuel consumption quantity. Compared with baseline test, the ASF experimental equipment was adopted. The results of sinter pot tests show that the solid fuel consumption is lower than that in baseline test, which is decreased by 5.8%. Meanwhile, other sinter indexes, such as pan yeild, tumbler strength and strand productivity are improved. The mineralogical examination indicates that the mineral compositions and micostructures are improved in sinter.展开更多
基金Project(51508575)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011CB013802)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China+1 种基金Projects(2014M560652,2016T90764)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(2015RS4006)supported by the Innovative Talents of Science and Technology Plan of Hunan Province,China
文摘Based on the similarity theory,a tunnel excavation simulation testing system under typical unsymmetrical loading conditions was established.Using this system,the failure mechanism of surrounding rock of shallow-bias tunnels with small clear distance was analyzed along with the load characteristics.The results show that:1) The failure process of surrounding rock of shallow-bias tunnels with small clear distance consists of structural and stratum deformation induced by tunnel excavation; Microfracture surfaces are formed in the tunnel surrounding rock and extend deep into the rock mass in a larger density; Tensile cracking occurs in shallow position on the deep-buried side,with shear slip in deep rock mass.In the meantime,rapid deformation and slip take place on the shallow-buried side until the surrounding rocks totally collapse.The production and development of micro-fracture surfaces in the tunnel surrounding rock and tensile cracking in the shallow position on the deep-buried side represent the key stages of failure.2) The final failure mode is featured by an inverted conical fracture with tunnel arch as its top and the slope at tunnel entrance slope as its bottom.The range of failure on the deep-buried side is significantly larger than that on the shallow-buried side.Such difference becomes more prominent with the increasing bias angle.What distinguishes it from the "linear fracture surface" model is that the model proposed has a larger fracture angle on the two sides.Moreover,the bottom of the fracture is located at the springing line of tunnel arch.3) The total vertical load increases with bias angle.Compared with the existing methods,the unsymmetrical loading effect in measurement is more prominent.At last,countermeasures are proposed according to the analysis results: during engineering process,1) The surrounding rock mass on the deep-buried side should be reinforced apart from the tunnel surrounding rock for shallow-buried tunnels with small clear distance; moreover,the scope of consolidation should go beyond the midline of tunnel(along the direction of the top of slope) by 4 excavation spans of single tunnel.2) It is necessary to modify the load value of shallow-bias tunnels with small clear distance.
基金Project(50675226) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(DYXM-115-04-02-01) supported by the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China
文摘In order to validate the simulation model and develop heave compensation control strategy,heave compensation model tests were performed.The model test installation includes themining ship motion simulator,the heave compensation system,the lifting pipe simulator,the buffer simulator and the water pool.The tests ofmining ship motion simulator show that it is able to perform under the predetermined attitude path smoothly and can meet the requirements of themining ship motions.The heave compensation effect is more than 60% under random wave and the goal is set to be 50%.The model test results indicate that this heave compensation system is effective and feasible.
基金Project(NECT-04-0748) supported by New Century Excellent Talents Program of China
文摘In order to utilize the spontaneous accumulation of heat (SAH) reasonably and obtain the high quality sinter with low energy consumption, a lower fuel consumption modeling based on raw materials of a certain steel works was built. An air-flow segregation feeding (ASF) experimental equipment was designed to simulate strand feeding process and calculate the lower fuel consumption quantity. Compared with baseline test, the ASF experimental equipment was adopted. The results of sinter pot tests show that the solid fuel consumption is lower than that in baseline test, which is decreased by 5.8%. Meanwhile, other sinter indexes, such as pan yeild, tumbler strength and strand productivity are improved. The mineralogical examination indicates that the mineral compositions and micostructures are improved in sinter.
