To predict three-dimensional temperature distribution of molten aluminum and its influencing factors inside an industrial aluminum holding furnace,a fluid-solid coupled method was presented.The fluid-solid coupled mat...To predict three-dimensional temperature distribution of molten aluminum and its influencing factors inside an industrial aluminum holding furnace,a fluid-solid coupled method was presented.The fluid-solid coupled mathematics models of aluminum holding furnace in the premixed combustion processing were established based on mass conservation,moment conservation,momentum conservation,energy conservation and chemistry species conservation.Computational results agree well with the test data of the typical condition.The maximum combustion temperature is 1 850 K.The average temperature of the molten aluminum is 1 158 K,and the maximum temperature difference is about 240 K.The average temperature increases 0.3 ℃ while the temperature of combustion air increases 1 ℃.The optimal excess air ratio is 1.25-1.30.展开更多
Based on the commercial CFD software CFX-4.3, two-phase flow of electrolyte in 156 kA drained aluminum reduction cells with a new structure was numerically simulated by multi-fluid model and k-ε turbulence model. The...Based on the commercial CFD software CFX-4.3, two-phase flow of electrolyte in 156 kA drained aluminum reduction cells with a new structure was numerically simulated by multi-fluid model and k-ε turbulence model. The results show that the electrolyte flow in the drained cells is more even than in the conventional cells. Corresponding to center point feeding, the electrolyte flow in the drained cells is more advantageous to the release of anode gas, the dissolution and diffusion of alumina, and the gradient reduction of the electrolyte density and temperature. The average velocity of the electrolyte is 8.3 cm/s, and the maximum velocity is 59.5 cm/s. The average and maximum velocities of the gas are 23.2 cm/s and 61.1 cm/s, respectively. The cathode drained slope and anode cathode distance have certain effects on the electrolyte flow.展开更多
Various busbar configurations were built and modeled by the custom code based on the commercial package ANSYS for the 500 kA aluminum electrolysis cell.The configuration parameters,such as side riser entry ratio,numbe...Various busbar configurations were built and modeled by the custom code based on the commercial package ANSYS for the 500 kA aluminum electrolysis cell.The configuration parameters,such as side riser entry ratio,number of cathode bars connected to each riser,vertical location of side cathode busbar and short side cathode busbar,distance between rows of cells in potline,the number of neighboring cells,ratio of compensation busbar carried passing under cell and its horizontal location under cell along with large magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) computation based on the custom evaluation function were simulated and discussed.The results show that a cell with riser entry ratio of 11:9:8:9:11 and cathode busbar located at the level of aluminum solution,50% upstream cathode current passing under cell for magnetic field compensation,the distance between rows of 50 m is more stable.展开更多
Solute transmission in saturated ore heap was studied numerically and experimentally. The convection-diffusion equation (CDE) used to describe the mass transportation in porous media was solved by characteristic diffe...Solute transmission in saturated ore heap was studied numerically and experimentally. The convection-diffusion equation (CDE) used to describe the mass transportation in porous media was solved by characteristic difference method to give the distribution of the concentration of ferrous ion in the ore column. To calibrate the computational model, a column test was performed using infiltration of sulfide ferrous solution (the initial concentration is c0=0.04 mol/L) on a 100 cm high column composed of ore particles smaller than 10 mm for 2.5 h. The numerical analysis shows that the results obtained from numerical modeling under the same operating conditions as used for column test are in good agreement with those from experimental procedure on the whole trend, which indicates that the model, the numerical method, and the parameters chosen can reflect the rule of ferrous ion transmission in ore heap.展开更多
ABE-KONDOH-NAGANO,ABID,YANG-SHIH and LAUNDER-SHARMA low-Reynolds number turbulence models were applied to simulating unsteady turbulence flow around a square cylinder in different phases flow field and time-averaged u...ABE-KONDOH-NAGANO,ABID,YANG-SHIH and LAUNDER-SHARMA low-Reynolds number turbulence models were applied to simulating unsteady turbulence flow around a square cylinder in different phases flow field and time-averaged unsteady flow field.Meanwhile,drag and lift coefficients of the four different low-Reynolds number turbulence models were analyzed.The simulated results of YANG-SHIH model are close to the large eddy simulation results and experimental results,and they are significantly better than those of ABE-KONDOH-NAGANO,ABID and LAUNDER-SHARMR models.The modification of the generation of turbulence kinetic energy is the key factor to a successful simulation for YANG-SHIH model,while the correction of the turbulence near the wall has minor influence on the simulation results.For ABE-KONDOH-NAGANO,ABID and LAUNDER-SHARMA models satisfactory simulation results cannot be obtained due to lack of the modification of the generation of turbulence kinetic energy.With the joint force of wall function and the turbulence models with the adoption of corrected swirl stream,flow around a square cylinder can be fully simulated with less grids by the near-wall.展开更多
Based on the turbulence jet model, with respect to Ar-He mixture plasma gas injecting to ambient atmosphere, the temperature filed and velocity field under typical working conditions were investigated. Given the condi...Based on the turbulence jet model, with respect to Ar-He mixture plasma gas injecting to ambient atmosphere, the temperature filed and velocity field under typical working conditions were investigated. Given the conditions of I=900 A, FAr= 1.98 m^3/h, FEe=0.85 m^3/h, it is found that both the temperature and the velocity undergo a plateau region near the nozzle exit （0-10 mm） at the very first stage, then decrease abruptly from initial 13 543 K and 778.2 m/s to 4 000 K and 260.0 m/s, and finally decrease slowly again. Meanwhile, the radial temperature and radial velocity change relatively slow. The inner mechanism for such phenomena is due to the complex violent interaction between the high-temperature and high-velocity turbulent plasma jet and the ambient atmosphere. Compared with traditional methods, the initial working conditions can be directly related to the temperature and velocity fields of the plasma jet by deriving basic boundary conditions.展开更多
Based on mesoscopic damage mechanics, numerical code RFPA2D （dynamic edition） was developed to analyze the influence of tunnel reinforcing on failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves. The res...Based on mesoscopic damage mechanics, numerical code RFPA2D （dynamic edition） was developed to analyze the influence of tunnel reinforcing on failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves. The results show that the propagation phenomenon of stress wave in the surrounding rock of tunnel and the failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves are reproduced realistically by using numerical code RFPA2O; from the failure process of surrounding rock, the place at which surrounding rock fractures is transferred because of tunnel reinforcing, and the rockfall and collapse caused by failure of surrounding rock are restrained by tunnel reinforcing; furthermore, the absolute values of peak values of major principal stress, and the minimal principal stress and shear stress at center point of tunnel roof are reduced because of tunnel reinforcing, and the displacement at center point of runnel roof is reduced as well, consequently the stability of tunnel increases.展开更多
Although the modified Goldstein filter based on the local signal-to-noise （SNR） has been proved to be superior to the classical Goldstein and Baran filters with more comprehensive filter parameter, its adaptation is...Although the modified Goldstein filter based on the local signal-to-noise （SNR） has been proved to be superior to the classical Goldstein and Baran filters with more comprehensive filter parameter, its adaptation is not always sufficient in the reduction of phase noise. In this work, the local SNR-based Goldstein filter is further developed with the improvements in the definition of the local SNR and the adaption of the filtering patch size. What＇s more, for preventing the loss of the phase signal caused by the excessive filtering, an iteration filtering operation is also introduced in this new algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, both a simulated digital elevation model （DEM） interferogram and real SAR deformation interferogram spanning the L＇ Aquila earthquake are carried out. The quantitative results from the simulated and real data reveal that up to 79.5% noises can be reduced by the new filter, indicating 9%-32% improvements over the previous local SNR-based Goldstein filter. This demonstrates that the new filter is not only equipped with sufficient adaption, but also can suppress the phase noise without the sacrifice of the phase signal.展开更多
基金Project(2006AA03Z523) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(08C26224302178) supported by the Innovation Foundation of Central South University,China
文摘To predict three-dimensional temperature distribution of molten aluminum and its influencing factors inside an industrial aluminum holding furnace,a fluid-solid coupled method was presented.The fluid-solid coupled mathematics models of aluminum holding furnace in the premixed combustion processing were established based on mass conservation,moment conservation,momentum conservation,energy conservation and chemistry species conservation.Computational results agree well with the test data of the typical condition.The maximum combustion temperature is 1 850 K.The average temperature of the molten aluminum is 1 158 K,and the maximum temperature difference is about 240 K.The average temperature increases 0.3 ℃ while the temperature of combustion air increases 1 ℃.The optimal excess air ratio is 1.25-1.30.
基金Project(G1999064903) supported by the National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program of China
文摘Based on the commercial CFD software CFX-4.3, two-phase flow of electrolyte in 156 kA drained aluminum reduction cells with a new structure was numerically simulated by multi-fluid model and k-ε turbulence model. The results show that the electrolyte flow in the drained cells is more even than in the conventional cells. Corresponding to center point feeding, the electrolyte flow in the drained cells is more advantageous to the release of anode gas, the dissolution and diffusion of alumina, and the gradient reduction of the electrolyte density and temperature. The average velocity of the electrolyte is 8.3 cm/s, and the maximum velocity is 59.5 cm/s. The average and maximum velocities of the gas are 23.2 cm/s and 61.1 cm/s, respectively. The cathode drained slope and anode cathode distance have certain effects on the electrolyte flow.
基金Project(20010533009) supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘Various busbar configurations were built and modeled by the custom code based on the commercial package ANSYS for the 500 kA aluminum electrolysis cell.The configuration parameters,such as side riser entry ratio,number of cathode bars connected to each riser,vertical location of side cathode busbar and short side cathode busbar,distance between rows of cells in potline,the number of neighboring cells,ratio of compensation busbar carried passing under cell and its horizontal location under cell along with large magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) computation based on the custom evaluation function were simulated and discussed.The results show that a cell with riser entry ratio of 11:9:8:9:11 and cathode busbar located at the level of aluminum solution,50% upstream cathode current passing under cell for magnetic field compensation,the distance between rows of 50 m is more stable.
基金Project(06JJ30024) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, ChinaProject(2004CB619206) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China+1 种基金Project(50321402) supported by the National Science Fund for Innovative Research Groups of ChinaProject(06B052) supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China
文摘Solute transmission in saturated ore heap was studied numerically and experimentally. The convection-diffusion equation (CDE) used to describe the mass transportation in porous media was solved by characteristic difference method to give the distribution of the concentration of ferrous ion in the ore column. To calibrate the computational model, a column test was performed using infiltration of sulfide ferrous solution (the initial concentration is c0=0.04 mol/L) on a 100 cm high column composed of ore particles smaller than 10 mm for 2.5 h. The numerical analysis shows that the results obtained from numerical modeling under the same operating conditions as used for column test are in good agreement with those from experimental procedure on the whole trend, which indicates that the model, the numerical method, and the parameters chosen can reflect the rule of ferrous ion transmission in ore heap.
基金Project(2006BAJ04B04)supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program in the Eleventh Five-year Plan PeriodProject(2006AA05Z229)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China+1 种基金Project supportedby the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education MinistryProject(06wk3023)supported by Hunan Science and Technology Office
文摘ABE-KONDOH-NAGANO,ABID,YANG-SHIH and LAUNDER-SHARMA low-Reynolds number turbulence models were applied to simulating unsteady turbulence flow around a square cylinder in different phases flow field and time-averaged unsteady flow field.Meanwhile,drag and lift coefficients of the four different low-Reynolds number turbulence models were analyzed.The simulated results of YANG-SHIH model are close to the large eddy simulation results and experimental results,and they are significantly better than those of ABE-KONDOH-NAGANO,ABID and LAUNDER-SHARMR models.The modification of the generation of turbulence kinetic energy is the key factor to a successful simulation for YANG-SHIH model,while the correction of the turbulence near the wall has minor influence on the simulation results.For ABE-KONDOH-NAGANO,ABID and LAUNDER-SHARMA models satisfactory simulation results cannot be obtained due to lack of the modification of the generation of turbulence kinetic energy.With the joint force of wall function and the turbulence models with the adoption of corrected swirl stream,flow around a square cylinder can be fully simulated with less grids by the near-wall.
基金Project (9140A12020306BQ0117) supported by the Commission of Science Technology and Industry for National DefenseProject ( 1040012040101) supported by the Excellent Young Teacher Foundation of Beijing Institute of Technology
文摘Based on the turbulence jet model, with respect to Ar-He mixture plasma gas injecting to ambient atmosphere, the temperature filed and velocity field under typical working conditions were investigated. Given the conditions of I=900 A, FAr= 1.98 m^3/h, FEe=0.85 m^3/h, it is found that both the temperature and the velocity undergo a plateau region near the nozzle exit （0-10 mm） at the very first stage, then decrease abruptly from initial 13 543 K and 778.2 m/s to 4 000 K and 260.0 m/s, and finally decrease slowly again. Meanwhile, the radial temperature and radial velocity change relatively slow. The inner mechanism for such phenomena is due to the complex violent interaction between the high-temperature and high-velocity turbulent plasma jet and the ambient atmosphere. Compared with traditional methods, the initial working conditions can be directly related to the temperature and velocity fields of the plasma jet by deriving basic boundary conditions.
基金Projects(50874020, 50504005 and 50490274) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaPorject(2007CB209407) supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of ChinaProject(2005038250) supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China
文摘Based on mesoscopic damage mechanics, numerical code RFPA2D （dynamic edition） was developed to analyze the influence of tunnel reinforcing on failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves. The results show that the propagation phenomenon of stress wave in the surrounding rock of tunnel and the failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves are reproduced realistically by using numerical code RFPA2O; from the failure process of surrounding rock, the place at which surrounding rock fractures is transferred because of tunnel reinforcing, and the rockfall and collapse caused by failure of surrounding rock are restrained by tunnel reinforcing; furthermore, the absolute values of peak values of major principal stress, and the minimal principal stress and shear stress at center point of tunnel roof are reduced because of tunnel reinforcing, and the displacement at center point of runnel roof is reduced as well, consequently the stability of tunnel increases.
基金Foundation item： Projects（40974006, 40774003） supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project（NCET-08-0570） supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China+2 种基金 Proj ect（2011JQ001） supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China Project（PolyU 5155/07E） supported by the Research Grants Council （RGC） of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China Project（CX2011B 102） supported by the Doctoral Research Innovation of Hunan Province, China
文摘Although the modified Goldstein filter based on the local signal-to-noise （SNR） has been proved to be superior to the classical Goldstein and Baran filters with more comprehensive filter parameter, its adaptation is not always sufficient in the reduction of phase noise. In this work, the local SNR-based Goldstein filter is further developed with the improvements in the definition of the local SNR and the adaption of the filtering patch size. What＇s more, for preventing the loss of the phase signal caused by the excessive filtering, an iteration filtering operation is also introduced in this new algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, both a simulated digital elevation model （DEM） interferogram and real SAR deformation interferogram spanning the L＇ Aquila earthquake are carried out. The quantitative results from the simulated and real data reveal that up to 79.5% noises can be reduced by the new filter, indicating 9%-32% improvements over the previous local SNR-based Goldstein filter. This demonstrates that the new filter is not only equipped with sufficient adaption, but also can suppress the phase noise without the sacrifice of the phase signal.
