为了探究双污泥系统下反硝化除磷-诱导磷结晶工艺中硝化池内微生物特性,该文利用原位荧光杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术、电子显微镜扫描(scanning electron micrograph,SEM)方法和Image-Pro Plus(IPP)软件考察了...为了探究双污泥系统下反硝化除磷-诱导磷结晶工艺中硝化池内微生物特性,该文利用原位荧光杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术、电子显微镜扫描(scanning electron micrograph,SEM)方法和Image-Pro Plus(IPP)软件考察了该工艺中硝化细菌的种群结构、形态和硝化污泥微观三维结构图。结果表明:该工艺中硝化池内氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)数量要多于亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,NOB),占总细菌的比例分别为46.2%,28.5%,且AOB处于污泥颗粒外层而NOB处于污泥颗粒内层,可能由于NOB利用AOB的代谢产物所致;工艺中硝化细菌多以球形或短杆菌为主,NOB生长时多以几个细胞形成小团聚体,而AOB生长时则形成大的团聚体;通过硝化污泥微观三维结构发现,污泥外层呈密实状而内层较疏松且有空洞存在,可能由于污泥外层和内层微生物的丰度差异、营养物质和溶解氧的浓度差异所致。此外,与传统的单污泥污水处理工艺相比,双污泥工艺明显地增强了硝化细菌的生长和富集能力。展开更多
为探究反硝化除磷-诱导结晶磷回收工艺中缺氧池污泥释磷、吸磷以及微生物特征,利用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术、电子扫描显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察了微生物的数量、分布和形态;通...为探究反硝化除磷-诱导结晶磷回收工艺中缺氧池污泥释磷、吸磷以及微生物特征,利用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术、电子扫描显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察了微生物的数量、分布和形态;通过批次试验考察了污泥在厌氧/好氧和厌氧/缺氧2种模式下的释磷和吸磷特征。结果表明:该双污泥系统缺氧池中聚磷菌占总细菌比例的69.7%,明显高于单污泥系统中富集的聚磷菌比例,污泥中的微生物多呈杆状;厌氧/好氧、厌氧/缺氧模式下单位污泥浓度(mixed liquor suspended solids,MLSS)总吸磷量(以PO43--P计)分别为22.84、18.60 mg/g,反硝化聚磷菌(denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms,DPAO)占聚磷菌(polyphosphate-accumulating organisms,PAO)的比例为81.44%,表明在长期的厌氧/缺氧运行条件下可以富集到以硝酸盐为电子受体的反硝化聚磷菌,同时还存在着仅以氧气为电子受体的聚磷菌;通过pH值和氧化还原电位(oxidation reduction potential,ORP)的实时监测可以快速地了解污水生物处理系统中各类反应的进程,对调控工艺参数有着重要的意义。综上所述,为保证污水生物处理工艺的正常稳定运行,将微生物分析与常规的化学参数分析结合起来考察将是未来发展的必然趋势。展开更多
In order to study reasonable sintering technological parameters and appropriate copper powder size range of micro heat pipe (MHP) with the sintered wick, the forming principle of copper powders in wicks and MHP's ...In order to study reasonable sintering technological parameters and appropriate copper powder size range of micro heat pipe (MHP) with the sintered wick, the forming principle of copper powders in wicks and MHP's heat transfer capabilities were first analyzed, then copper powders with different cell sizes and dispersions were sintered in RXL-12-11 resistance furnace under the protection of the hydrogen at different sintering temperatures for different durations of sintering time, and finally the sintered wicks' scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and their heat transfer capabilities were analyzed. The results indicate that the wick sintered with copper powders of larger cell size or smaller size range has better sintering properties and larger heat transfer capabilities; and that the increase of either sintering temperatures or sintering time also helps to improve the wick's sintering properties and heat transfer capabilities, and the former affects more obviously than the latter. Considering both its manufacturing cost and performance requirements, it is recommended that copper powders with the size range of 140-170 μm are sintered at 900-950℃ for 30-60 min in practical manufacturing. In addition, two approaches to improve wick's porosity are also proposed through theoretical analysis, which suggests that the larger the wick's porosity, the better the heat transfer capabilities of the MHP.展开更多
Porous and dense TiNi alloys were successfully fabricated by powder metallurgy(P/M) method, and to further improve their surface biocompatibility, surface modification techniques including grind using silicon-carbide(...Porous and dense TiNi alloys were successfully fabricated by powder metallurgy(P/M) method, and to further improve their surface biocompatibility, surface modification techniques including grind using silicon-carbide(SiC) paper, acid etching and alkali treatment were employed to produce either irregularly rough surface or micro-porous surface roughness. X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) attached to SEM were used to characterize surface structure and the Ca-P coatings. Effects of the above surface treatments on the surface morphology, apatite forming ability were systematically investigated. Results indicate that all the above surface treatments increase the apatite forming ability of TiNi alloys in varying degrees when soaked in simulated body fluid(SBF). More apatite coatings formed on TiNi samples sintered at 1050℃ and 1100℃ due to their high porosity and pure TiNi phase that is beneficial to heterogeneous nucleation. Furthermore, more uniform apatite was fabricated on the sample sintered from the mixture of Ni and Ti powders.展开更多
A novel 0.1% Pd-0.05% (mass fraction) Pt/stainless steel wire mesh catalyst was prepared for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) elimination. The catalyst was synthesized by stainless steel wire mesh as support and ...A novel 0.1% Pd-0.05% (mass fraction) Pt/stainless steel wire mesh catalyst was prepared for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) elimination. The catalyst was synthesized by stainless steel wire mesh as support and then treated by anodic oxidation technology to develop a porous membrane on the support. During the anodic oxidation process, various electrolytes were used to investigate the formation of porous membrane. And the catalytic performance of the catalysts was tested by using toluene and acetone combustion as model reaction. The temperatures of complete toluene and acetone conversion were decreased to 180℃ and 240 ℃, respectively. The morphologies of the stainless steel wire mesh supports and catalysts were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR).展开更多
文摘为了探究双污泥系统下反硝化除磷-诱导磷结晶工艺中硝化池内微生物特性,该文利用原位荧光杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术、电子显微镜扫描(scanning electron micrograph,SEM)方法和Image-Pro Plus(IPP)软件考察了该工艺中硝化细菌的种群结构、形态和硝化污泥微观三维结构图。结果表明:该工艺中硝化池内氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)数量要多于亚硝酸盐氧化细菌(nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,NOB),占总细菌的比例分别为46.2%,28.5%,且AOB处于污泥颗粒外层而NOB处于污泥颗粒内层,可能由于NOB利用AOB的代谢产物所致;工艺中硝化细菌多以球形或短杆菌为主,NOB生长时多以几个细胞形成小团聚体,而AOB生长时则形成大的团聚体;通过硝化污泥微观三维结构发现,污泥外层呈密实状而内层较疏松且有空洞存在,可能由于污泥外层和内层微生物的丰度差异、营养物质和溶解氧的浓度差异所致。此外,与传统的单污泥污水处理工艺相比,双污泥工艺明显地增强了硝化细菌的生长和富集能力。
基金Key Project(50436010, U0834002) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(50675070, 50705031) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(8151064101000058) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,ChinaProject(E200909) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China
文摘In order to study reasonable sintering technological parameters and appropriate copper powder size range of micro heat pipe (MHP) with the sintered wick, the forming principle of copper powders in wicks and MHP's heat transfer capabilities were first analyzed, then copper powders with different cell sizes and dispersions were sintered in RXL-12-11 resistance furnace under the protection of the hydrogen at different sintering temperatures for different durations of sintering time, and finally the sintered wicks' scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and their heat transfer capabilities were analyzed. The results indicate that the wick sintered with copper powders of larger cell size or smaller size range has better sintering properties and larger heat transfer capabilities; and that the increase of either sintering temperatures or sintering time also helps to improve the wick's sintering properties and heat transfer capabilities, and the former affects more obviously than the latter. Considering both its manufacturing cost and performance requirements, it is recommended that copper powders with the size range of 140-170 μm are sintered at 900-950℃ for 30-60 min in practical manufacturing. In addition, two approaches to improve wick's porosity are also proposed through theoretical analysis, which suggests that the larger the wick's porosity, the better the heat transfer capabilities of the MHP.
基金Project(51274247) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014zzts177) support by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Porous and dense TiNi alloys were successfully fabricated by powder metallurgy(P/M) method, and to further improve their surface biocompatibility, surface modification techniques including grind using silicon-carbide(SiC) paper, acid etching and alkali treatment were employed to produce either irregularly rough surface or micro-porous surface roughness. X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) attached to SEM were used to characterize surface structure and the Ca-P coatings. Effects of the above surface treatments on the surface morphology, apatite forming ability were systematically investigated. Results indicate that all the above surface treatments increase the apatite forming ability of TiNi alloys in varying degrees when soaked in simulated body fluid(SBF). More apatite coatings formed on TiNi samples sintered at 1050℃ and 1100℃ due to their high porosity and pure TiNi phase that is beneficial to heterogeneous nucleation. Furthermore, more uniform apatite was fabricated on the sample sintered from the mixture of Ni and Ti powders.
基金Project(2009C21001)supported by the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,China
文摘A novel 0.1% Pd-0.05% (mass fraction) Pt/stainless steel wire mesh catalyst was prepared for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) elimination. The catalyst was synthesized by stainless steel wire mesh as support and then treated by anodic oxidation technology to develop a porous membrane on the support. During the anodic oxidation process, various electrolytes were used to investigate the formation of porous membrane. And the catalytic performance of the catalysts was tested by using toluene and acetone combustion as model reaction. The temperatures of complete toluene and acetone conversion were decreased to 180℃ and 240 ℃, respectively. The morphologies of the stainless steel wire mesh supports and catalysts were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR).