High-entropy alloy composites(HEACs)have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional mechanical properties and chemical stability.By adjusting the content of reinforcing particles in the high-entropy allo...High-entropy alloy composites(HEACs)have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional mechanical properties and chemical stability.By adjusting the content of reinforcing particles in the high-entropy alloy and by employing advanced additive manufacturing techniques,high-performance HEACs can be fabricated.However,there is still considerable room for improvement in their performance.In this study,CoCrFeMnNi HEA powders were used as the matrix,and NiCoFeAlTi high-entropy intermetallic powders were used as the high-entropy reinforcement(HER).CoCrFeMnNi/NiCoFeAlTi HEACs were fabricated using selective laser melting technology.The study results indicate that after aging,the microstructure of HEACs with HER exhibits Al-and Ti-rich nano-oxide precipitates with an orthorhombic CMCM type structure system.After aging at 873 K for 2 h,HEACs with HER achieved excellent overall mechanical properties,with an ultimate tensile strength of 731 MPa.This is attributed to the combined and synergistic effects of precipitation strengthening,dislocation strengthening,and the high lattice distortion caused by high intragranular defects,which provide a multi-scale strengthening and hardening mechanism for the plastic deformation of HEACs with HER.This study demonstrates that aging plays a crucial role in controlling the precipitate phases in complex multi-element alloys.展开更多
A study was conducted to better understand how different parameters, namely, regression aging time and regression aging temperature, affect the creep aging properties, i.e., the creep deformation and performance of Al...A study was conducted to better understand how different parameters, namely, regression aging time and regression aging temperature, affect the creep aging properties, i.e., the creep deformation and performance of Al-Zn-MgCu alloy during regressive reaging. The corresponding creep strain and mechanical properties of samples were studied by conducting creep tests and uniaxial tensile tests. The electrical conductivity was measured using an eddy-current conductivity meter. The microstructures were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). With the increase in regression aging time, the steady creep strain first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at 45 min.The steady creep strain increased with the increase in regression aging temperature, and reached the maximum at 200 ℃.The level of steady creep strain was determined by precipitation and dislocation recovery. Creep aging strengthens 7B50-RRA treated with regression aging time at 190 ℃ for 10 min, and the difference in the mechanical properties of alloy becomes smaller. The diffusion of solute atoms reduces the scattering of electrons, leading to a significant improvement in electrical conductivity and stress corrosion cracking(SCC) resistance after creep aging. The findings of this study could help in the application of creep aging forming(CAF) technology in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy under RRA treatment.展开更多
VAlN coating is of particular interest for dry cutting applications owing to its low-friction and excellent abrasiveness.Nano-multilayer structure is designed to tailor the properties of VAlN coating.In this work,a se...VAlN coating is of particular interest for dry cutting applications owing to its low-friction and excellent abrasiveness.Nano-multilayer structure is designed to tailor the properties of VAlN coating.In this work,a series of VAlN/Si_(3)N_(4) nano-multilayer coatings with varied Si_(3)N_(4) layer thicknesses were prepared by reactive sputtering method.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were both investigated.It is revealed that Si_(3)N_(4) with a shallow thickness(~0.4 nm)was crystallized and grown coherently with VAlN,showing a remarkable increase in hardness compared to VAlN monolayer coating.The hardness of coherently VAlN/Si_(3)N_(4) nano-multilayer coatings reached to 48.7 GPa.With further increase of Si_(3)N_(4) layer thickness,the coherent growth of nano-multilayers was terminated,showing amorphous structure formed in nano-multilayers and the hardness was declined.On the other hand,when Si_(3)N_(4) layer thickness was 0.4 nm,the friction coefficient of VAlN/Si_(3)N_(4) nano-multilayer coating was almost equal to that of VAlN monolayer coating,which was attributed to the crystallization of Si_(3)N_(4) and the produced coherent interfaces between VAlN and Si_(3)N_(4) for the hardening effect of nano-multilayer coatings.Upon further increase of Si_(3)N_(4) layer thickness,pronounced improvement of friction coefficient in VAlN/Si_(3)N_(4) nano-multilayer coating was observed.展开更多
The effect of temperature in range of 155-175 ℃ on the creep behavior, microstructural evolution, and precipitation of an Al-Cu-Li alloy was experimentally investigated during creep ageing deformation under 180 MPa f...The effect of temperature in range of 155-175 ℃ on the creep behavior, microstructural evolution, and precipitation of an Al-Cu-Li alloy was experimentally investigated during creep ageing deformation under 180 MPa for 20 h. Increasing temperature resulted in a noteworthy change in creep ageing behaviour, including a variation in creep curves, an improvement in creep rate during early creep ageing, and an increased creep strain. Tensile tests indicate that the specimen aged at higher temperature reached peak strength within a shorter time. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was employed to explore the effect of temperature on the microstructural evolution of the AA2198 during creep ageing deformation. Many larger dislocations and even tangled dislocation structures were observed in the sample aged at higher temperature. The number of T1 precipitates increased at higher ageing temperature at the same ageing time. Based on the analysed results, a new mechanism, considering the combined effects of the formation of larger dislocation structures induced by higher temperature and diffusion of solute atoms towards these larger or tangled dislocations, was proposed to explain the effect of temperature on microstructural evolution and creep behaviour.展开更多
To develop suitable grouting materials for water conveyance tunnels in cold regions,firstly,this study investigated the performance evolution of ferrite-rich sulfoaluminate-based composite cement(FSAC grouting materia...To develop suitable grouting materials for water conveyance tunnels in cold regions,firstly,this study investigated the performance evolution of ferrite-rich sulfoaluminate-based composite cement(FSAC grouting material)at 20 and 3℃.The results show that low temperature only delays the strength development of FSAC grouting material within the first 3 d.Then,the effect of four typical early strength synergists on the early properties of FSAC grouting material was evaluated to optimize the early(£1 d)strength at 3℃.The most effective synergist,Ca(HCOO)_(2),which enhances the low-temperature early strength without compromising fluidity was selected based on strength and fluidity tests.Its micro-mechanism was analyzed by XRD,TG,and SEM methods.The results reveal that the most suitable dosage range is 0.3 wt%−0.5 wt%.Proper addition of Ca(HCOO)_(2)changed the crystal morphology of the hydration products,decreased the pore size and formed more compact hydration products by interlocking and overlapping.However,excessive addition of Ca(HCOO)_(2)inhibited the hydration reaction,resulting in a simple and loose structure of the hydration products.The research results have reference value for controlling surrounding rock deformation and preventing water and mud inrushes during the excavation in cold region tunnels.展开更多
Lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials for rechargeable battery with high energy density,but its practical use is still hindered by two main problems,namely,lithium dendrite growth and low Coulombi...Lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials for rechargeable battery with high energy density,but its practical use is still hindered by two main problems,namely,lithium dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency.To address the issues,cesium nitrate(CsNO3)is selected as the additive to modify the electrolyte for lithium secondary battery.Here we report electrochemical performance of lithium secondary battery with different concentration of CsNO3 as electrolyte additive.The study result demonstrates that Coulombic efficiency of Li–Cu cells and the lifetime of symmetric lithium cells contained CsNO3 additive are improved greatly.Li–Cu cell with 0.05 mol/L CsNO3 and 0.15 mol/L LiNO3 as electrolyte additive presents the best electrochemical performance,having the highest Coulombic efficiency of around 97%and the lowest interfacial resistance.With increasing the concentration of CsNO3 as electrolyte additive,the electrochemical performance of cells becomes poor.Meanwhile,the morphology of lithium deposited films with CsNO3-modified electrolyte become smoother and more uniform compared with the basic electrolyte.展开更多
The effect of Li(2.0 wt%)addition on mechanical properties and ageing precipitation behavior of Al-3.0 Mg 0.5 Si was investigated by tensile test,dynamic elasticity modulus test,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),trans...The effect of Li(2.0 wt%)addition on mechanical properties and ageing precipitation behavior of Al-3.0 Mg 0.5 Si was investigated by tensile test,dynamic elasticity modulus test,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)images.The results show that the tensile strength of the Li-containing alloy can be significantly improved;however,the ductility is sharply decreased and the fracture mechanism changes from ductile fracture to intergranular fracture.The elasticity modulus of the Li-containing alloy increases by 11.6%compared with the base alloy.The microstructure observation shows that the Li addition can absolutely change the precipitation behavior of the base alloy,andδ′-Al_(3)Li phase becomes the main precipitates.Besides,β′′-Mg_(2)Si andδ′-Al_(3)Li dual phases precipitation can be visibly observed at 170℃ ageing for 100 h,although the quantity ofδ′-Al_(3)Li phase is more thanβ′′-Mg_(2)Si phase.The width of the precipitate-free zone(PFZ)of the Li-containing alloy is much wider at the over-ageing state than the base alloy,which has a negative impact on the ductile and results in the decrease of elongation.展开更多
基金Project supported by ClassⅢPeak Discipline of Shanghai-Materials Science and Engineering(High-Energy Beam Intelligent Processing and Green Manufacturing),China。
文摘High-entropy alloy composites(HEACs)have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional mechanical properties and chemical stability.By adjusting the content of reinforcing particles in the high-entropy alloy and by employing advanced additive manufacturing techniques,high-performance HEACs can be fabricated.However,there is still considerable room for improvement in their performance.In this study,CoCrFeMnNi HEA powders were used as the matrix,and NiCoFeAlTi high-entropy intermetallic powders were used as the high-entropy reinforcement(HER).CoCrFeMnNi/NiCoFeAlTi HEACs were fabricated using selective laser melting technology.The study results indicate that after aging,the microstructure of HEACs with HER exhibits Al-and Ti-rich nano-oxide precipitates with an orthorhombic CMCM type structure system.After aging at 873 K for 2 h,HEACs with HER achieved excellent overall mechanical properties,with an ultimate tensile strength of 731 MPa.This is attributed to the combined and synergistic effects of precipitation strengthening,dislocation strengthening,and the high lattice distortion caused by high intragranular defects,which provide a multi-scale strengthening and hardening mechanism for the plastic deformation of HEACs with HER.This study demonstrates that aging plays a crucial role in controlling the precipitate phases in complex multi-element alloys.
基金Project(2017YFB0306300) supported by the National key R&D Program of ChinaProjects(51675538, 51905551)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZZYJKT2019-11) supported by Free Exploration Project of State Key Laboratory of High performance Complex Manufacturing,China。
文摘A study was conducted to better understand how different parameters, namely, regression aging time and regression aging temperature, affect the creep aging properties, i.e., the creep deformation and performance of Al-Zn-MgCu alloy during regressive reaging. The corresponding creep strain and mechanical properties of samples were studied by conducting creep tests and uniaxial tensile tests. The electrical conductivity was measured using an eddy-current conductivity meter. The microstructures were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). With the increase in regression aging time, the steady creep strain first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at 45 min.The steady creep strain increased with the increase in regression aging temperature, and reached the maximum at 200 ℃.The level of steady creep strain was determined by precipitation and dislocation recovery. Creep aging strengthens 7B50-RRA treated with regression aging time at 190 ℃ for 10 min, and the difference in the mechanical properties of alloy becomes smaller. The diffusion of solute atoms reduces the scattering of electrons, leading to a significant improvement in electrical conductivity and stress corrosion cracking(SCC) resistance after creep aging. The findings of this study could help in the application of creep aging forming(CAF) technology in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy under RRA treatment.
基金Project(51201187)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘VAlN coating is of particular interest for dry cutting applications owing to its low-friction and excellent abrasiveness.Nano-multilayer structure is designed to tailor the properties of VAlN coating.In this work,a series of VAlN/Si_(3)N_(4) nano-multilayer coatings with varied Si_(3)N_(4) layer thicknesses were prepared by reactive sputtering method.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were both investigated.It is revealed that Si_(3)N_(4) with a shallow thickness(~0.4 nm)was crystallized and grown coherently with VAlN,showing a remarkable increase in hardness compared to VAlN monolayer coating.The hardness of coherently VAlN/Si_(3)N_(4) nano-multilayer coatings reached to 48.7 GPa.With further increase of Si_(3)N_(4) layer thickness,the coherent growth of nano-multilayers was terminated,showing amorphous structure formed in nano-multilayers and the hardness was declined.On the other hand,when Si_(3)N_(4) layer thickness was 0.4 nm,the friction coefficient of VAlN/Si_(3)N_(4) nano-multilayer coating was almost equal to that of VAlN monolayer coating,which was attributed to the crystallization of Si_(3)N_(4) and the produced coherent interfaces between VAlN and Si_(3)N_(4) for the hardening effect of nano-multilayer coatings.Upon further increase of Si_(3)N_(4) layer thickness,pronounced improvement of friction coefficient in VAlN/Si_(3)N_(4) nano-multilayer coating was observed.
基金Project(2017YFB0306300)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProjects(51601060,51675538)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The effect of temperature in range of 155-175 ℃ on the creep behavior, microstructural evolution, and precipitation of an Al-Cu-Li alloy was experimentally investigated during creep ageing deformation under 180 MPa for 20 h. Increasing temperature resulted in a noteworthy change in creep ageing behaviour, including a variation in creep curves, an improvement in creep rate during early creep ageing, and an increased creep strain. Tensile tests indicate that the specimen aged at higher temperature reached peak strength within a shorter time. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was employed to explore the effect of temperature on the microstructural evolution of the AA2198 during creep ageing deformation. Many larger dislocations and even tangled dislocation structures were observed in the sample aged at higher temperature. The number of T1 precipitates increased at higher ageing temperature at the same ageing time. Based on the analysed results, a new mechanism, considering the combined effects of the formation of larger dislocation structures induced by higher temperature and diffusion of solute atoms towards these larger or tangled dislocations, was proposed to explain the effect of temperature on microstructural evolution and creep behaviour.
基金Projcet(52279119)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(XZ202201ZY0021G)supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Xizang Autonomous Region,China+1 种基金Project(2019QZKK0904)supported by the Second Xizang Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program of ChinaProject(51922104)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China。
文摘To develop suitable grouting materials for water conveyance tunnels in cold regions,firstly,this study investigated the performance evolution of ferrite-rich sulfoaluminate-based composite cement(FSAC grouting material)at 20 and 3℃.The results show that low temperature only delays the strength development of FSAC grouting material within the first 3 d.Then,the effect of four typical early strength synergists on the early properties of FSAC grouting material was evaluated to optimize the early(£1 d)strength at 3℃.The most effective synergist,Ca(HCOO)_(2),which enhances the low-temperature early strength without compromising fluidity was selected based on strength and fluidity tests.Its micro-mechanism was analyzed by XRD,TG,and SEM methods.The results reveal that the most suitable dosage range is 0.3 wt%−0.5 wt%.Proper addition of Ca(HCOO)_(2)changed the crystal morphology of the hydration products,decreased the pore size and formed more compact hydration products by interlocking and overlapping.However,excessive addition of Ca(HCOO)_(2)inhibited the hydration reaction,resulting in a simple and loose structure of the hydration products.The research results have reference value for controlling surrounding rock deformation and preventing water and mud inrushes during the excavation in cold region tunnels.
基金Project(2016YFB0300801)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2012CB619502)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Lithium metal is one of the most promising anode materials for rechargeable battery with high energy density,but its practical use is still hindered by two main problems,namely,lithium dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency.To address the issues,cesium nitrate(CsNO3)is selected as the additive to modify the electrolyte for lithium secondary battery.Here we report electrochemical performance of lithium secondary battery with different concentration of CsNO3 as electrolyte additive.The study result demonstrates that Coulombic efficiency of Li–Cu cells and the lifetime of symmetric lithium cells contained CsNO3 additive are improved greatly.Li–Cu cell with 0.05 mol/L CsNO3 and 0.15 mol/L LiNO3 as electrolyte additive presents the best electrochemical performance,having the highest Coulombic efficiency of around 97%and the lowest interfacial resistance.With increasing the concentration of CsNO3 as electrolyte additive,the electrochemical performance of cells becomes poor.Meanwhile,the morphology of lithium deposited films with CsNO3-modified electrolyte become smoother and more uniform compared with the basic electrolyte.
基金Project(2016YFB0300802)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China。
文摘The effect of Li(2.0 wt%)addition on mechanical properties and ageing precipitation behavior of Al-3.0 Mg 0.5 Si was investigated by tensile test,dynamic elasticity modulus test,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)images.The results show that the tensile strength of the Li-containing alloy can be significantly improved;however,the ductility is sharply decreased and the fracture mechanism changes from ductile fracture to intergranular fracture.The elasticity modulus of the Li-containing alloy increases by 11.6%compared with the base alloy.The microstructure observation shows that the Li addition can absolutely change the precipitation behavior of the base alloy,andδ′-Al_(3)Li phase becomes the main precipitates.Besides,β′′-Mg_(2)Si andδ′-Al_(3)Li dual phases precipitation can be visibly observed at 170℃ ageing for 100 h,although the quantity ofδ′-Al_(3)Li phase is more thanβ′′-Mg_(2)Si phase.The width of the precipitate-free zone(PFZ)of the Li-containing alloy is much wider at the over-ageing state than the base alloy,which has a negative impact on the ductile and results in the decrease of elongation.
