工程弹性系统(engineered resilient system,ERS)是美国国防部(department of defense,DOD)应对越来越不确定的任务和环境而提出的未来国防系统发展战略,对复杂系统的工程实践与系统弹性理论都带来新的挑战。首先,对ERS提出的背景和相...工程弹性系统(engineered resilient system,ERS)是美国国防部(department of defense,DOD)应对越来越不确定的任务和环境而提出的未来国防系统发展战略,对复杂系统的工程实践与系统弹性理论都带来新的挑战。首先,对ERS提出的背景和相关概念进行介绍,重点对美国国防领域对ERS的一些观点进行分析,包括ERS的关键属性、弹性工程与现役系统关系、ERS设计中考虑的因素和ERS与系统工程的关系等,并对美国DOD优先立项的ERS项目研究进展进行了的研究。其次,对弹性相关的学术研究进行了述评,包括不同领域中弹性的概念、系统弹性不同的评价方法以及系统弹性设计方法,以便于对ERS的发展有一个较为全面的了解和借鉴。最后,在ERS发展研究基础上,从理论和应用角度对ERS和系统弹性理论面临的挑战进行了讨论。展开更多
Platinum(Pt)-based noble metal catalysts(PGMs)are the most widely used commercial catalysts,but they have the problems of high cost,low reserves,and susceptibility to small-molecule toxicity.Transition metal oxides(TM...Platinum(Pt)-based noble metal catalysts(PGMs)are the most widely used commercial catalysts,but they have the problems of high cost,low reserves,and susceptibility to small-molecule toxicity.Transition metal oxides(TMOs)are regarded as potential substitutes for PGMs because of their stability in oxidizing environments and excellent catalytic performance.In this study,comprehensive investigation into the influence of elastic strains on the adsorption energies of carbon(C),hydrogen(H)and oxygen(O)on TMOs was conducted.Based on density functional theory(DFT)calculations,these effects in both tetragonal structures(PtO_(2),PdO_(2))and hexagonal structures(ZnO,CdO),along with their respective transition metals were systematically explored.It was identified that the optimal adsorption sites on metal oxides pinpointed the top of oxygen or the top of metal atom,while face-centered cubic(FCC)and hexagonal close-packed(HCP)holes were preferred for the transition metals.Furthermore,under the influence of elastic strains,the results demonstrated significant disparities in the adsorption energies of H and O between oxides and transition metals.Despite these differences,the effect of elastic strains on the adsorption energies of C,H and O on TMOs mirrored those on transition metals:adsorption energies increased under compressive strains,indicating weaker adsorption,and decreased under tension strains,indicating stronger adsorption.This behavior was rationalized based on the d-band model for adsorption atop a metallic atom or the p-band model for adsorption atop an oxygen atom.Consequently,elastic strains present a promising avenue for tailoring the catalytic properties of TMOs.展开更多
A unified semi-analytical solution is presented for elastic-plastic stress of a deep circular hydraulic tunnel with support yielding under plane strain conditions.The rock mass is assumed to be elastic-perfectly plast...A unified semi-analytical solution is presented for elastic-plastic stress of a deep circular hydraulic tunnel with support yielding under plane strain conditions.The rock mass is assumed to be elastic-perfectly plastic and governed by the unified strength theory (UST).Different major principal stresses in different engineering situations and different support yielding conditions are both considered.The unified solution obtained in this work is a series of results,rather than one specific solution,hence it is suitable for a wide range of rock masses.In addition,parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of intermediate principal stress.The result shows the major principal stress should be rationally chosen according to different engineering conditions.Finally,the applicability of the unified solution is discussed according to the critical pressures.展开更多
文摘工程弹性系统(engineered resilient system,ERS)是美国国防部(department of defense,DOD)应对越来越不确定的任务和环境而提出的未来国防系统发展战略,对复杂系统的工程实践与系统弹性理论都带来新的挑战。首先,对ERS提出的背景和相关概念进行介绍,重点对美国国防领域对ERS的一些观点进行分析,包括ERS的关键属性、弹性工程与现役系统关系、ERS设计中考虑的因素和ERS与系统工程的关系等,并对美国DOD优先立项的ERS项目研究进展进行了的研究。其次,对弹性相关的学术研究进行了述评,包括不同领域中弹性的概念、系统弹性不同的评价方法以及系统弹性设计方法,以便于对ERS的发展有一个较为全面的了解和借鉴。最后,在ERS发展研究基础上,从理论和应用角度对ERS和系统弹性理论面临的挑战进行了讨论。
基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21ZR1472900,22ZR1471600)。
文摘Platinum(Pt)-based noble metal catalysts(PGMs)are the most widely used commercial catalysts,but they have the problems of high cost,low reserves,and susceptibility to small-molecule toxicity.Transition metal oxides(TMOs)are regarded as potential substitutes for PGMs because of their stability in oxidizing environments and excellent catalytic performance.In this study,comprehensive investigation into the influence of elastic strains on the adsorption energies of carbon(C),hydrogen(H)and oxygen(O)on TMOs was conducted.Based on density functional theory(DFT)calculations,these effects in both tetragonal structures(PtO_(2),PdO_(2))and hexagonal structures(ZnO,CdO),along with their respective transition metals were systematically explored.It was identified that the optimal adsorption sites on metal oxides pinpointed the top of oxygen or the top of metal atom,while face-centered cubic(FCC)and hexagonal close-packed(HCP)holes were preferred for the transition metals.Furthermore,under the influence of elastic strains,the results demonstrated significant disparities in the adsorption energies of H and O between oxides and transition metals.Despite these differences,the effect of elastic strains on the adsorption energies of C,H and O on TMOs mirrored those on transition metals:adsorption energies increased under compressive strains,indicating weaker adsorption,and decreased under tension strains,indicating stronger adsorption.This behavior was rationalized based on the d-band model for adsorption atop a metallic atom or the p-band model for adsorption atop an oxygen atom.Consequently,elastic strains present a promising avenue for tailoring the catalytic properties of TMOs.
基金Project(50969007)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(GJJ13753)supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Fund,Department of Education,Jiangxi Province,China
文摘A unified semi-analytical solution is presented for elastic-plastic stress of a deep circular hydraulic tunnel with support yielding under plane strain conditions.The rock mass is assumed to be elastic-perfectly plastic and governed by the unified strength theory (UST).Different major principal stresses in different engineering situations and different support yielding conditions are both considered.The unified solution obtained in this work is a series of results,rather than one specific solution,hence it is suitable for a wide range of rock masses.In addition,parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of intermediate principal stress.The result shows the major principal stress should be rationally chosen according to different engineering conditions.Finally,the applicability of the unified solution is discussed according to the critical pressures.
