The YOLOv8 model faces challenges with dense target distribution and small size,resulting in lower accuracy in dense small target detection.To address these issues,an improved small target detection algorithm based on...The YOLOv8 model faces challenges with dense target distribution and small size,resulting in lower accuracy in dense small target detection.To address these issues,an improved small target detection algorithm based on the YOLOv8 model was proposed in this paper.Firstly,the Global Attention Module(GAM)was introduced to enhance data prediction capability and model expression ability.Secondly,the Space-to-Depth(SPD)module was incorporated into the backbone network for fine-grained feature information learning to mitigate feature information loss due to down-sampling.Finally,a 160 pixels×160 pixels feature layer was added to expand small target feature information and effectively reduce instances of missed targets.Experimental validation on the public VisDrone2019 UAV small target detaset demonstrated that the proposed model achieves significant performance improvement in small target detection tasks compared to existing models,exhibiting higher accuracy.展开更多
The Ethical Turn is commonly supposed to have occurred around 1988.In that year,Wayne C.Booth published The Company We Keep,a book considered to be the first attempt to rehabilitate moral judgement in literary critics...The Ethical Turn is commonly supposed to have occurred around 1988.In that year,Wayne C.Booth published The Company We Keep,a book considered to be the first attempt to rehabilitate moral judgement in literary critics and theory.The Ethical Turn can have various consequences for literary theory and criticism.In this paper,I try to describe and examine some,mainly those that concern the possibility of an ethics-based narratology.Are the attempts to define it in the last thirty years satisfactory?What kind of description of narrative structures can they give us?Must an ethics-based narratology be focused on the notion of character?Can it deal with the notion of plot,with the problem of temporality?Should it be necessarily linked with one of the different schools of ethical philosophy?Do different philosophical tendencies lead us to different kinds of narratology?After discussing these questions,I propose some paths for future research in moral narratology.展开更多
目的探讨小青龙汤联合糖皮质激素对支气管哮喘患者肺功能、血清指标的影响。方法选取支气管哮喘患者108例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组54例采用糖皮质激素治疗,研究组54例采用小青龙汤联合糖皮质激素治疗,对比两组临床疗效、中医...目的探讨小青龙汤联合糖皮质激素对支气管哮喘患者肺功能、血清指标的影响。方法选取支气管哮喘患者108例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组54例采用糖皮质激素治疗,研究组54例采用小青龙汤联合糖皮质激素治疗,对比两组临床疗效、中医证候积分、肺功能指标[1秒呼吸容积(forced expiratory volume in first second,FEV1)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、用力呼出一半肺活量的气流量(forced expiratory flow at 50%of FVC ex haled,FEF50%)、呼气时峰流量(peak expiratory flow,PEF)]、实验室指标[C反应蛋白(C-reactiveprotein,CRP)、血清转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、细胞信号转导分子3(cellular signal transduction molecules-3,Smad-3)]及不良反应。结果研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、头痛评分均降低(P<0.05),且研究组咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、头痛评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后研究组FEV1、FVC、FEF50%、PEF均升高(P<0.05),且研究组FEV1、FVC、FEF50%、PEF均高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组CRP、TGF-β1、Smad-3均降低(P<0.05),且研究组CRP、TGF-β1、Smad-3均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在支气管哮喘患者中应用小青龙汤联合糖皮质激素治疗能够改善肺功能指标,降低TGF-β1、Smad-3水平,具有良好疗效及安全性。展开更多
The micromammal fossils collected from the Shangzhuang Formation of the Linxia Basin,Gansu,are described here.The assemblage consists of 16 species of 13 genera belonging to 7 families,including one new species and on...The micromammal fossils collected from the Shangzhuang Formation of the Linxia Basin,Gansu,are described here.The assemblage consists of 16 species of 13 genera belonging to 7 families,including one new species and one taxon previously unknown from China.Among them 5 genera are Oligocene holdovers and 11 genera/species are known to make their first appearances in Early Miocene,indicating an Early Miocene age for the Gucheng Fauna.The absence of Oligocene survivors such as Tataromys,Yindirtemys,Eucricetodon and Tachyoryctoides,which usually occur in the Xiejian age of Early Miocene,and the presence of newcomers Protalactaga,Megacricetodon and Gobicricetodon,that made their first appearance only in the Shanwangian age of late Early Miocene,suggest that the Gucheng Fauna is of a later age of Early Miocene.The new species,Sinolagomys guchengensis,showing more derived morphology than in S.ulunguensis,seems to support an assessment of the fauna in Shanwangian age.Thus,the Gucheng Fauna may belong to late Early Miocene Shanwangian,partially equivalent to MN 3/4 of the European land mammal zonation.Ecological analysis of the fauna indicates that the palaeoecological condition of the Gucheng area might still be a predominantly arid shrub-steppe in late Early Miocene.展开更多
A gold catalyst of Au/pyrenyl‑graphdiyne(Pyr‑GDY)was prepared by anchoring small size of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)on the surface of Pyr‑GDY for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR),in which Au NPs with ...A gold catalyst of Au/pyrenyl‑graphdiyne(Pyr‑GDY)was prepared by anchoring small size of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)on the surface of Pyr‑GDY for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR),in which Au NPs with a size of approximately 3.69 nm was evenly distributed on spongy‑like porous Pyr‑GDY.The catalyst exhibited a good electrocatalytic activity for N_(2)reduction in a nitrogen‑saturated electrolyte,with an ammonia yield of 32.1μg·h^(-1)·mg_(cat)^(-1)at-0.3 V(vs RHE),3.5 times higher than that of Au/C(Au NPs anchored on carbon black).In addition,Au/Pyr‑GDY showed a Faraday efficiency(FE)of 26.9%for eNRR,and a good catalysis durability for over 22 h.展开更多
Objective:Psoriasis is associated with lipid metabolism disorders,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the role of trimethylamine Noxide(TMAO)in lipid metabolism dysregulation in...Objective:Psoriasis is associated with lipid metabolism disorders,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the role of trimethylamine Noxide(TMAO)in lipid metabolism dysregulation in psoriasis.Methods:An imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model was used to assess lipid metabolism parameters,TMAO levels,and liver flavin monooxygenase 3(FMO3)mRNA expression.Blood samples from healthy individuals and psoriatic patients were collected to measure serum TMAO levels and lipid profiles.To clarify the role of TMAO in the lipid metabolism disorder of mice with psoriasis model,exogenous TMAO,choline,or 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol(DMB)were administered via intraperitoneal injections or diet in IMQ-treated mice.Liver tissues from the mouse models were subjected to RNA sequencing to identify TMAO-regulated signaling pathways.Results:IMQ-induced psoriatic mice exhibited abnormal glucose,insulin,and lipid levels.IMQ treatment also downregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of glucose transporter 2(Glut2)and silence information regulator 1(Sirt1),while upregulating glucose transporter 4(Glut4)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ).Elevated serum TMAO levels were observed in both psoriatic patients and IMQ-treated mice.Additionally,liver FMO3 mRNA expression was increased in the psoriatic mouse model.In patients,TMAO levels positively correlated with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI)scores,serum triglyceride(TG),and total cholesterol(TC)levels.The intraperitoneal injection of TMAO exacerbated lipid dysregulation in IMQ-treated mice.A choline-rich diet further aggravated lipid abnormalities and liver injury in psoriatic mice,whereas DMB treatment alleviated these effects.RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that TMAO upregulated hepatic microRNA-122(miR-122),which may suppress the expression of gremlin 2(GREM2),thus contributing to lipid metabolism disorder.Conclusion:TMAO may promote lipid metabolism dysregulation in psoriasis by modulating the hepatic miR-122/GREM2 pathway.展开更多
Currently,the International Maritime Organization(IMO)has approved and implemented the assessment requirement for Minimum Propulsion Power(MPP)of ships in adverse sea conditions.The assessment method and relevant infl...Currently,the International Maritime Organization(IMO)has approved and implemented the assessment requirement for Minimum Propulsion Power(MPP)of ships in adverse sea conditions.The assessment method and relevant influence factors will have a vital impact on ship's design and operation.On the other hand,MPP is essentially a criterion for manoeuvring safety at actual seas.However,the practical assessment methods adopted in IMO guidelines do not directly and accurately account for ship's coursekeeping ability in severe seas.A time-domain comprehensive method with supplementary course-keeping ability criteria has been proposed in the authors'preliminary research.Based on an updated mathematical model and criteria,this paper presents more detailed elaborations,results and discussions on the time-domain method,including the comparative analyses with a power line method and two steady-state equilibrium methods based on IMO guidelines and draft.Discussions on the influences of key factors,involving criterion conditions and calculation parameters,are also presented.The results indicate that different methods exhibit varying advantages and complexity in MPP assessment,thus constituting a multi-level assessment framework for MPP.In particular,the time-domain comprehensive assessment has a higher accuracy with more realistic description of manoeuvre behaviors,capable of offering a solution for the ships that cannot meet other assessments,or for the assessment requiring additional course-keeping ability.Furthermore,an expanded range of wave direction sets a stricter but potentially necessary requirement,while using the self-propulsion factors at low speeds can eliminate the unnecessary conservation of assessment result caused by those at design speed.展开更多
Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylost...Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylostella.In the present study,we aimed to confirm the resistance risk,cross-resistance,and mechanisms of resistance to thiotraniliprole in P.xylostella.After 40 consecutive generations of thiotraniliprole selection,we obtained a thiotraniliprole-resistance P.xylostella strain with a 5141.58-fold resistance ratio(RR)to thiotraniliprole.The overall realized heritability(h^(2))value of resistance was estimated as 0.9 using threshold trait analysis,indicating that the risk of developing resistance to thiotraniliprole is high in P.xylostella.The thiotraniliprole-resistant(TR)strain showed noticeable cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole(RR=44670.05),cyantraniliprole(RR=7038.58),and tetrachlorantraniliprole(RR=1506.01),but no cross-resistance to tolfenpyrad,indoxacarb,diafenthiuron,or abamectin compared with the susceptible(S)strain.The enzyme assay data showed that the activities of glutathione-S transferase(GST),carboxylesterase(CarE),and the content of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450s)were significantly higher in the TR strain than in the S strain.Sequencing of the full-length PxRyR cDNA revealed the gene site I4790K in the TR strain with a 100%frequency.This mutation in PxRyR likely underlies the high-level cross-resistance between thiotraniliprole and three other diamide insecticides.These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay thiotraniliprole resistance development and ensure sustainable control of P.xylostella.展开更多
In this work,we investigate the impact of the whole small recess offset on DC and RF characteristics of InP high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).L_(g)=80 nm HEMTs are fabricated with a double-recessed gate proces...In this work,we investigate the impact of the whole small recess offset on DC and RF characteristics of InP high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).L_(g)=80 nm HEMTs are fabricated with a double-recessed gate process.We focus on their DC and RF responses,including the maximum transconductance(g_(m_max)),ON-resistance(R_(ON)),current-gain cutoff frequency(f_(T)),and maximum oscillation frequency(f_(max)).The devices have almost same RON.The g_(m_max) improves as the whole small recess moves toward the source.However,a small gate to source capacitance(C_(gs))and a small drain output conductance(g_(ds))lead to the largest f_(T),although the whole small gate recess moves toward the drain leads to the smaller g_(m_max).According to the small-signal modeling,the device with the whole small recess toward drain exhibits an excellent RF characteristics,such as f_(T)=372 GHz and f_(max)=394 GHz.This result is achieved by paying attention to adjust resistive and capacitive parasitics,which play a key role in high-frequency response.展开更多
Objective:Neuropathic pain(NP)is one of the most common forms of chronic pain,yet current treatment options are limited in effectiveness.Peripheral nerve injury activates spinal microglia,altering their inflammatory r...Objective:Neuropathic pain(NP)is one of the most common forms of chronic pain,yet current treatment options are limited in effectiveness.Peripheral nerve injury activates spinal microglia,altering their inflammatory response and phagocytic functions,which contributes to the progression of NP.Most current research on NP focuses on microglial inflammation,with relatively little attention to their phagocytic function.Early growth response factor 2(EGR2)has been shown to regulate microglial phagocytosis,but its specific role in NP remains unclear.This study aims to investigate how EGR2 modulates microglial phagocytosis and its involvement in NP,with the goal of identifying potential therapeutic targets.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used to establish a chronic constriction injury(CCI)model of the sciatic nerve.Pain behaviors were assessed on days 1,3,7,10,and 14 post-surgery to confirm successful model induction.The temporal and spatial expression of EGR2 in the spinal cord was examined using real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence staining.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)was used to overexpress EGR2 in the spinal cord,and behavioral assessments were performed to evaluate the effects of EGR2 modulation of NP.CCI and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)models were established in animals and microglial cell lines,respectively,and changes in phagocytic activity were measured using RT-qPCR and fluorescent latex bead uptake assays.After confirming the involvement of microglial phagocytosis in NP,AAV was used to overexpress EGR2 in both in vivo and in vitro models,and phagocytic activity was further evaluated.Finally,eukaryotic transcriptome sequencing was conducted to screen differentially expressed mRNAs,followed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analyses to identify potential downstream effectors of EGR2.Results:The CCI model successfully induced NP.Following CCI,EGR2 expression in the spinal cord was upregulated in parallel with NP development.Overexpression of EGR2 via spinal AAV injection enhanced microglial phagocytic activity and increased pain hypersensitivity in rats.Both animal and cellular models showed that CCI or LPS stimulation enhanced microglial phagocytosis,which was further amplified by EGR2 overexpression.Transcriptomic analysis of spinal cord tissues from CCI rats overexpressing EGR2 revealed upregulation of numerous genes associated with microglial phagocytosis and pain regulation.Among them,Lag3 emerged as a potential downstream target of EGR2.Conclusion:EGR2 contributes to the maintenance of NP by enhancing microglial phagocytosis in the spinal dorsal horn.展开更多
Aiming at the problem that infrared small target detection faces low contrast between the background and the target and insufficient noise suppression ability under the complex cloud background,an infrared small targe...Aiming at the problem that infrared small target detection faces low contrast between the background and the target and insufficient noise suppression ability under the complex cloud background,an infrared small target detection method based on the tensor nuclear norm and direction residual weighting was proposed.Based on converting the infrared image into an infrared patch tensor model,from the perspective of the low-rank nature of the background tensor,and taking advantage of the difference in contrast between the background and the target in different directions,we designed a double-neighborhood local contrast based on direction residual weighting method(DNLCDRW)combined with the partial sum of tensor nuclear norm(PSTNN)to achieve effective background suppression and recovery of infrared small targets.Experiments show that the algorithm is effective in suppressing the background and improving the detection ability of the target.展开更多
Negative Poisson ratio(NPR)steel is a new material with high strength and toughness.This study conducted tensile tests at elevated temperatures to investigate the mechanical properties of NPR steel at high temperature...Negative Poisson ratio(NPR)steel is a new material with high strength and toughness.This study conducted tensile tests at elevated temperatures to investigate the mechanical properties of NPR steel at high temperatures.The stress−strain curve,ultimate strength,yield strength,modulus of elasticity,elongation after fracture,and percentage reduction of area of NPR steel bars were measured at 9 different temperatures ranging from 20 to 800℃.The experimental results indicate that high-temperature environments significantly affect the mechanical properties of NPR steel.However,compared to other types of steel,NPR steel exhibits better resistance to deformation.When the test temperature is below 700℃,NPR steel exhibits a ductile fracture characteristic,while at 800℃,it exhibits a brittle fracture characteristic.Finally,based on the experimental findings,a constitutive model suitable for NPR steel at high temperatures is proposed.展开更多
Dynamic disturbances certainly reduce shear strength of rock joints,yet the mechanism needs deeper explanation.We investigate the shear behavior of a rough basalt joint by conducting laboratory shear experiments.Const...Dynamic disturbances certainly reduce shear strength of rock joints,yet the mechanism needs deeper explanation.We investigate the shear behavior of a rough basalt joint by conducting laboratory shear experiments.Constant and superimposed oscillating normal loads are applied at the upper block.Meanwhile,the bottom block moves at a constant shear rate.We investigate the shear behavior by:1)altering the normal load oscillation frequency with a same shear rate,2)altering the shear rate with a same normal load oscillation frequency,and 3)altering the normal load oscillation frequency and shear rate simultaneously with a constant ratio.The results show that the oscillating normal load reduces the coefficient of friction(COF).The reduce degree of COF increases with higher shear rate,decreases when increasing normal load oscillation frequency,and keeps constant if the special ratio,v/f(shear rate divided by normal oscillation frequency),is constant.Moreover,we identify a time lag between peak normal load and peak shear load.And the lagging proportion increases with higher shear rate,and decreases with larger static COF.Our results imply that a lower creep rate with a higher normal load oscillation frequency easily destabilizes the creeping fault zones.展开更多
文摘目的观察慢性支气管炎(chronic bronchitis,CB)急性期患儿采用肺力咳合剂联合小儿豉翘清热颗粒治疗的临床效果。方法纳入2023年5月—2024年8月该院诊治的CB急性期患儿120例,利用随机数字表按简单随机分组法将入组患儿均分为两组,其中一组给予常规西药治疗(西药组60例),另一组则加用肺力咳合剂、小儿豉翘清热颗粒(联合组60例),观察两组治疗后中医证候积分及症状消失时间、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值(monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio,MLR)、红细胞分布宽度(red blood cell distribution width,RDW)、血小板分布宽度(platelet distribution width,PDW)。结果治疗后,联合组咳嗽、咳痰、喘息等中医证候积分明显低于西药组(P<0.05),咳嗽、咳痰、喘息等症状消失时间明显短于西药组(P<0.05);联合组NLR、MLR、RDW、PDW明显低于西药组(P<0.05)。结论CB急性期患儿加用肺力咳合剂、小儿豉翘清热颗粒可通过调节机体免疫炎症反应来促进患儿症状的缓解,从而进一步缩短康复进程。
文摘The YOLOv8 model faces challenges with dense target distribution and small size,resulting in lower accuracy in dense small target detection.To address these issues,an improved small target detection algorithm based on the YOLOv8 model was proposed in this paper.Firstly,the Global Attention Module(GAM)was introduced to enhance data prediction capability and model expression ability.Secondly,the Space-to-Depth(SPD)module was incorporated into the backbone network for fine-grained feature information learning to mitigate feature information loss due to down-sampling.Finally,a 160 pixels×160 pixels feature layer was added to expand small target feature information and effectively reduce instances of missed targets.Experimental validation on the public VisDrone2019 UAV small target detaset demonstrated that the proposed model achieves significant performance improvement in small target detection tasks compared to existing models,exhibiting higher accuracy.
文摘The Ethical Turn is commonly supposed to have occurred around 1988.In that year,Wayne C.Booth published The Company We Keep,a book considered to be the first attempt to rehabilitate moral judgement in literary critics and theory.The Ethical Turn can have various consequences for literary theory and criticism.In this paper,I try to describe and examine some,mainly those that concern the possibility of an ethics-based narratology.Are the attempts to define it in the last thirty years satisfactory?What kind of description of narrative structures can they give us?Must an ethics-based narratology be focused on the notion of character?Can it deal with the notion of plot,with the problem of temporality?Should it be necessarily linked with one of the different schools of ethical philosophy?Do different philosophical tendencies lead us to different kinds of narratology?After discussing these questions,I propose some paths for future research in moral narratology.
文摘目的探讨小青龙汤联合糖皮质激素对支气管哮喘患者肺功能、血清指标的影响。方法选取支气管哮喘患者108例,按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组54例采用糖皮质激素治疗,研究组54例采用小青龙汤联合糖皮质激素治疗,对比两组临床疗效、中医证候积分、肺功能指标[1秒呼吸容积(forced expiratory volume in first second,FEV1)、用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、用力呼出一半肺活量的气流量(forced expiratory flow at 50%of FVC ex haled,FEF50%)、呼气时峰流量(peak expiratory flow,PEF)]、实验室指标[C反应蛋白(C-reactiveprotein,CRP)、血清转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、细胞信号转导分子3(cellular signal transduction molecules-3,Smad-3)]及不良反应。结果研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、头痛评分均降低(P<0.05),且研究组咳嗽、喘息、咳痰、头痛评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后研究组FEV1、FVC、FEF50%、PEF均升高(P<0.05),且研究组FEV1、FVC、FEF50%、PEF均高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组CRP、TGF-β1、Smad-3均降低(P<0.05),且研究组CRP、TGF-β1、Smad-3均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在支气管哮喘患者中应用小青龙汤联合糖皮质激素治疗能够改善肺功能指标,降低TGF-β1、Smad-3水平,具有良好疗效及安全性。
文摘The micromammal fossils collected from the Shangzhuang Formation of the Linxia Basin,Gansu,are described here.The assemblage consists of 16 species of 13 genera belonging to 7 families,including one new species and one taxon previously unknown from China.Among them 5 genera are Oligocene holdovers and 11 genera/species are known to make their first appearances in Early Miocene,indicating an Early Miocene age for the Gucheng Fauna.The absence of Oligocene survivors such as Tataromys,Yindirtemys,Eucricetodon and Tachyoryctoides,which usually occur in the Xiejian age of Early Miocene,and the presence of newcomers Protalactaga,Megacricetodon and Gobicricetodon,that made their first appearance only in the Shanwangian age of late Early Miocene,suggest that the Gucheng Fauna is of a later age of Early Miocene.The new species,Sinolagomys guchengensis,showing more derived morphology than in S.ulunguensis,seems to support an assessment of the fauna in Shanwangian age.Thus,the Gucheng Fauna may belong to late Early Miocene Shanwangian,partially equivalent to MN 3/4 of the European land mammal zonation.Ecological analysis of the fauna indicates that the palaeoecological condition of the Gucheng area might still be a predominantly arid shrub-steppe in late Early Miocene.
文摘A gold catalyst of Au/pyrenyl‑graphdiyne(Pyr‑GDY)was prepared by anchoring small size of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)on the surface of Pyr‑GDY for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(eNRR),in which Au NPs with a size of approximately 3.69 nm was evenly distributed on spongy‑like porous Pyr‑GDY.The catalyst exhibited a good electrocatalytic activity for N_(2)reduction in a nitrogen‑saturated electrolyte,with an ammonia yield of 32.1μg·h^(-1)·mg_(cat)^(-1)at-0.3 V(vs RHE),3.5 times higher than that of Au/C(Au NPs anchored on carbon black).In addition,Au/Pyr‑GDY showed a Faraday efficiency(FE)of 26.9%for eNRR,and a good catalysis durability for over 22 h.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(82173426)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30984),China。
文摘Objective:Psoriasis is associated with lipid metabolism disorders,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study aims to investigate the role of trimethylamine Noxide(TMAO)in lipid metabolism dysregulation in psoriasis.Methods:An imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model was used to assess lipid metabolism parameters,TMAO levels,and liver flavin monooxygenase 3(FMO3)mRNA expression.Blood samples from healthy individuals and psoriatic patients were collected to measure serum TMAO levels and lipid profiles.To clarify the role of TMAO in the lipid metabolism disorder of mice with psoriasis model,exogenous TMAO,choline,or 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol(DMB)were administered via intraperitoneal injections or diet in IMQ-treated mice.Liver tissues from the mouse models were subjected to RNA sequencing to identify TMAO-regulated signaling pathways.Results:IMQ-induced psoriatic mice exhibited abnormal glucose,insulin,and lipid levels.IMQ treatment also downregulated the hepatic mRNA expression of glucose transporter 2(Glut2)and silence information regulator 1(Sirt1),while upregulating glucose transporter 4(Glut4)and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ).Elevated serum TMAO levels were observed in both psoriatic patients and IMQ-treated mice.Additionally,liver FMO3 mRNA expression was increased in the psoriatic mouse model.In patients,TMAO levels positively correlated with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI)scores,serum triglyceride(TG),and total cholesterol(TC)levels.The intraperitoneal injection of TMAO exacerbated lipid dysregulation in IMQ-treated mice.A choline-rich diet further aggravated lipid abnormalities and liver injury in psoriatic mice,whereas DMB treatment alleviated these effects.RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that TMAO upregulated hepatic microRNA-122(miR-122),which may suppress the expression of gremlin 2(GREM2),thus contributing to lipid metabolism disorder.Conclusion:TMAO may promote lipid metabolism dysregulation in psoriasis by modulating the hepatic miR-122/GREM2 pathway.
文摘Currently,the International Maritime Organization(IMO)has approved and implemented the assessment requirement for Minimum Propulsion Power(MPP)of ships in adverse sea conditions.The assessment method and relevant influence factors will have a vital impact on ship's design and operation.On the other hand,MPP is essentially a criterion for manoeuvring safety at actual seas.However,the practical assessment methods adopted in IMO guidelines do not directly and accurately account for ship's coursekeeping ability in severe seas.A time-domain comprehensive method with supplementary course-keeping ability criteria has been proposed in the authors'preliminary research.Based on an updated mathematical model and criteria,this paper presents more detailed elaborations,results and discussions on the time-domain method,including the comparative analyses with a power line method and two steady-state equilibrium methods based on IMO guidelines and draft.Discussions on the influences of key factors,involving criterion conditions and calculation parameters,are also presented.The results indicate that different methods exhibit varying advantages and complexity in MPP assessment,thus constituting a multi-level assessment framework for MPP.In particular,the time-domain comprehensive assessment has a higher accuracy with more realistic description of manoeuvre behaviors,capable of offering a solution for the ships that cannot meet other assessments,or for the assessment requiring additional course-keeping ability.Furthermore,an expanded range of wave direction sets a stricter but potentially necessary requirement,while using the self-propulsion factors at low speeds can eliminate the unnecessary conservation of assessment result caused by those at design speed.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Public Welfare Technology Application Research Program(No:LGN21C140001).
文摘Plutella xylostella,a major pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide,has developed resistance to diamide insecticides.Thiotraniliprole,a novel synthetic diamide insecticide,exhibits excellent activity against P.xylostella.In the present study,we aimed to confirm the resistance risk,cross-resistance,and mechanisms of resistance to thiotraniliprole in P.xylostella.After 40 consecutive generations of thiotraniliprole selection,we obtained a thiotraniliprole-resistance P.xylostella strain with a 5141.58-fold resistance ratio(RR)to thiotraniliprole.The overall realized heritability(h^(2))value of resistance was estimated as 0.9 using threshold trait analysis,indicating that the risk of developing resistance to thiotraniliprole is high in P.xylostella.The thiotraniliprole-resistant(TR)strain showed noticeable cross-resistance to chlorantraniliprole(RR=44670.05),cyantraniliprole(RR=7038.58),and tetrachlorantraniliprole(RR=1506.01),but no cross-resistance to tolfenpyrad,indoxacarb,diafenthiuron,or abamectin compared with the susceptible(S)strain.The enzyme assay data showed that the activities of glutathione-S transferase(GST),carboxylesterase(CarE),and the content of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450s)were significantly higher in the TR strain than in the S strain.Sequencing of the full-length PxRyR cDNA revealed the gene site I4790K in the TR strain with a 100%frequency.This mutation in PxRyR likely underlies the high-level cross-resistance between thiotraniliprole and three other diamide insecticides.These findings provide valuable information for optimizing resistance management strategies to delay thiotraniliprole resistance development and ensure sustainable control of P.xylostella.
基金Supported by the Terahertz Multi User RF Transceiver System Development Project(Z211100004421012).
文摘In this work,we investigate the impact of the whole small recess offset on DC and RF characteristics of InP high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).L_(g)=80 nm HEMTs are fabricated with a double-recessed gate process.We focus on their DC and RF responses,including the maximum transconductance(g_(m_max)),ON-resistance(R_(ON)),current-gain cutoff frequency(f_(T)),and maximum oscillation frequency(f_(max)).The devices have almost same RON.The g_(m_max) improves as the whole small recess moves toward the source.However,a small gate to source capacitance(C_(gs))and a small drain output conductance(g_(ds))lead to the largest f_(T),although the whole small gate recess moves toward the drain leads to the smaller g_(m_max).According to the small-signal modeling,the device with the whole small recess toward drain exhibits an excellent RF characteristics,such as f_(T)=372 GHz and f_(max)=394 GHz.This result is achieved by paying attention to adjust resistive and capacitive parasitics,which play a key role in high-frequency response.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071249 and 81771207).
文摘Objective:Neuropathic pain(NP)is one of the most common forms of chronic pain,yet current treatment options are limited in effectiveness.Peripheral nerve injury activates spinal microglia,altering their inflammatory response and phagocytic functions,which contributes to the progression of NP.Most current research on NP focuses on microglial inflammation,with relatively little attention to their phagocytic function.Early growth response factor 2(EGR2)has been shown to regulate microglial phagocytosis,but its specific role in NP remains unclear.This study aims to investigate how EGR2 modulates microglial phagocytosis and its involvement in NP,with the goal of identifying potential therapeutic targets.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were used to establish a chronic constriction injury(CCI)model of the sciatic nerve.Pain behaviors were assessed on days 1,3,7,10,and 14 post-surgery to confirm successful model induction.The temporal and spatial expression of EGR2 in the spinal cord was examined using real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence staining.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)was used to overexpress EGR2 in the spinal cord,and behavioral assessments were performed to evaluate the effects of EGR2 modulation of NP.CCI and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)models were established in animals and microglial cell lines,respectively,and changes in phagocytic activity were measured using RT-qPCR and fluorescent latex bead uptake assays.After confirming the involvement of microglial phagocytosis in NP,AAV was used to overexpress EGR2 in both in vivo and in vitro models,and phagocytic activity was further evaluated.Finally,eukaryotic transcriptome sequencing was conducted to screen differentially expressed mRNAs,followed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analyses to identify potential downstream effectors of EGR2.Results:The CCI model successfully induced NP.Following CCI,EGR2 expression in the spinal cord was upregulated in parallel with NP development.Overexpression of EGR2 via spinal AAV injection enhanced microglial phagocytic activity and increased pain hypersensitivity in rats.Both animal and cellular models showed that CCI or LPS stimulation enhanced microglial phagocytosis,which was further amplified by EGR2 overexpression.Transcriptomic analysis of spinal cord tissues from CCI rats overexpressing EGR2 revealed upregulation of numerous genes associated with microglial phagocytosis and pain regulation.Among them,Lag3 emerged as a potential downstream target of EGR2.Conclusion:EGR2 contributes to the maintenance of NP by enhancing microglial phagocytosis in the spinal dorsal horn.
基金Supported by the Key Laboratory Fund for Equipment Pre-Research(6142207210202)。
文摘Aiming at the problem that infrared small target detection faces low contrast between the background and the target and insufficient noise suppression ability under the complex cloud background,an infrared small target detection method based on the tensor nuclear norm and direction residual weighting was proposed.Based on converting the infrared image into an infrared patch tensor model,from the perspective of the low-rank nature of the background tensor,and taking advantage of the difference in contrast between the background and the target in different directions,we designed a double-neighborhood local contrast based on direction residual weighting method(DNLCDRW)combined with the partial sum of tensor nuclear norm(PSTNN)to achieve effective background suppression and recovery of infrared small targets.Experiments show that the algorithm is effective in suppressing the background and improving the detection ability of the target.
基金Projects(41702320,52104125)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZR2021MD005)+2 种基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,ChinaProject(TMduracon2022002)supported by the Engineering Research Center of Marine Environmental Concrete Technology,Ministry of Education,China。
文摘Negative Poisson ratio(NPR)steel is a new material with high strength and toughness.This study conducted tensile tests at elevated temperatures to investigate the mechanical properties of NPR steel at high temperatures.The stress−strain curve,ultimate strength,yield strength,modulus of elasticity,elongation after fracture,and percentage reduction of area of NPR steel bars were measured at 9 different temperatures ranging from 20 to 800℃.The experimental results indicate that high-temperature environments significantly affect the mechanical properties of NPR steel.However,compared to other types of steel,NPR steel exhibits better resistance to deformation.When the test temperature is below 700℃,NPR steel exhibits a ductile fracture characteristic,while at 800℃,it exhibits a brittle fracture characteristic.Finally,based on the experimental findings,a constitutive model suitable for NPR steel at high temperatures is proposed.
基金Project(52474122)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(HSR202105)supported by the National Engineering Laboratory for High-speed Railway Construction,China+1 种基金Project(2025B1515020067)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of ChinaProject(2022A1515240009)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China。
文摘Dynamic disturbances certainly reduce shear strength of rock joints,yet the mechanism needs deeper explanation.We investigate the shear behavior of a rough basalt joint by conducting laboratory shear experiments.Constant and superimposed oscillating normal loads are applied at the upper block.Meanwhile,the bottom block moves at a constant shear rate.We investigate the shear behavior by:1)altering the normal load oscillation frequency with a same shear rate,2)altering the shear rate with a same normal load oscillation frequency,and 3)altering the normal load oscillation frequency and shear rate simultaneously with a constant ratio.The results show that the oscillating normal load reduces the coefficient of friction(COF).The reduce degree of COF increases with higher shear rate,decreases when increasing normal load oscillation frequency,and keeps constant if the special ratio,v/f(shear rate divided by normal oscillation frequency),is constant.Moreover,we identify a time lag between peak normal load and peak shear load.And the lagging proportion increases with higher shear rate,and decreases with larger static COF.Our results imply that a lower creep rate with a higher normal load oscillation frequency easily destabilizes the creeping fault zones.
