【目的】元宝枫是我国珍贵经济林树种,其籽油中含有丰富的神经酸等物质,在预防和治疗人类神经系统疾病上具有重要价值。然而,近年来作者发现元宝枫种子受到一种元宝枫瘿蚊(Acumyia sp.)幼虫的严重侵害。为了无公害防治该害虫,本研究旨...【目的】元宝枫是我国珍贵经济林树种,其籽油中含有丰富的神经酸等物质,在预防和治疗人类神经系统疾病上具有重要价值。然而,近年来作者发现元宝枫种子受到一种元宝枫瘿蚊(Acumyia sp.)幼虫的严重侵害。为了无公害防治该害虫,本研究旨在调查并鉴定元宝枫瘿蚊的天敌。【方法】通过在北京和内蒙古的实地调查,发现了寄生和捕食元宝枫瘿蚊幼虫和蛹的一种小蜂。通过分类研究,确定其为小蜂总科金小蜂科毛链金小蜂属Systasis的一个新种——元宝枫瘿蚊毛链金小蜂Systasis aceri Yang,Liu et Cao sp.nov.。本文详细描述了该寄生蜂的形态特征,并附有彩色形态特征图。同时,还记述了该小蜂的生物学,也和毛链金小蜂属我国的二个相近种进行了比较,提供了鉴别特征。【结果】该新种与中国的一种寄生刺槐叶瘿蚊的小蜂——叶瘿蚊毛链金小蜂Systasis obolodiplosis Yao et Yang相似,但可以通过以下特征进行区分:新种体呈金绿色,雌性体长3.4~3.6 mm,雄性1.8~2.4 mm(而后者体呈蓝色,带有紫色金属光泽;雌性体长2.1 mm,雄性1.3 mm);唇基略呈方形,宽为高的1.4倍(后者的唇基更宽,宽度是其高度的2.0倍);腹部较长,长为宽的2.7倍(后者的腹部较短,长为宽的1.8倍)。Xiao&Huang修订了中国毛链金小蜂属的种类,并提供了9个种的分类检索表。使用此检索表,新种最初被归为Systasis procerula Xiao et Huang。然而,本新种雌性在其他特征上存在差异:痣后脉长度是痣脉的1.4倍(后者的痣后脉短于痣脉);触角较短,梗节加鞭节的长度是头宽的1.15倍(后者是头宽的1.4倍);本种腹部更长,长为宽的2.7倍(后者腹部较短,长为宽的1.5倍)。此外,还描述了新种的生物学特性。元宝枫瘿蚊毛链金小蜂对元宝枫瘿蚊幼虫和蛹具有较高的寄生率,达到34%。其1~2龄幼虫为寄生性,而3龄以后则转为捕食性,能将单个种子中的52~125头瘿蚊幼虫(或蛹)捕食殆尽。该小蜂一年发生2~3代,是元宝枫瘿蚊的主要天敌。【结论】本天敌的发现为无公害生物防治元宝枫瘿蚊提供了一种优秀天敌。这一发现对于保护元宝枫这一珍贵树种及其籽油资源具有重要意义,并为未来种实害虫提供了新的生物防治技术。展开更多
The parasitism of Orgyia ericae,which causes damage to Ammopiptanthus mongolcus,Heclysarum mongolicum,Hedysarum scoparium and Caragana korshinskii was investigated in Hangjin Qi and Etuoke Qi of Erdosi in Inner Mongol...The parasitism of Orgyia ericae,which causes damage to Ammopiptanthus mongolcus,Heclysarum mongolicum,Hedysarum scoparium and Caragana korshinskii was investigated in Hangjin Qi and Etuoke Qi of Erdosi in Inner Mongolia.The results showed that 8 insect species of the natural enemy were found to parasitize the O.ericae,including Tetrastichus sp.at egg stage,Pimpla disparis、Itoplectis viduata and Aprostocetus sp.at pupa stage,Monodontomerus minor and Aprostocetus sp.at larva-pupa stage,Exorista larvarum and one species of Apanteles spp.at larva stage.Among them the ichneumon flies and chalcids were found sometimes to parasitically co-live in a pupa.There was significant difference in parasitism rate on H.mongolicum between the two regions in the same stage,and was also significant difference over the different stage in the same regions and hosts.展开更多
文摘【目的】元宝枫是我国珍贵经济林树种,其籽油中含有丰富的神经酸等物质,在预防和治疗人类神经系统疾病上具有重要价值。然而,近年来作者发现元宝枫种子受到一种元宝枫瘿蚊(Acumyia sp.)幼虫的严重侵害。为了无公害防治该害虫,本研究旨在调查并鉴定元宝枫瘿蚊的天敌。【方法】通过在北京和内蒙古的实地调查,发现了寄生和捕食元宝枫瘿蚊幼虫和蛹的一种小蜂。通过分类研究,确定其为小蜂总科金小蜂科毛链金小蜂属Systasis的一个新种——元宝枫瘿蚊毛链金小蜂Systasis aceri Yang,Liu et Cao sp.nov.。本文详细描述了该寄生蜂的形态特征,并附有彩色形态特征图。同时,还记述了该小蜂的生物学,也和毛链金小蜂属我国的二个相近种进行了比较,提供了鉴别特征。【结果】该新种与中国的一种寄生刺槐叶瘿蚊的小蜂——叶瘿蚊毛链金小蜂Systasis obolodiplosis Yao et Yang相似,但可以通过以下特征进行区分:新种体呈金绿色,雌性体长3.4~3.6 mm,雄性1.8~2.4 mm(而后者体呈蓝色,带有紫色金属光泽;雌性体长2.1 mm,雄性1.3 mm);唇基略呈方形,宽为高的1.4倍(后者的唇基更宽,宽度是其高度的2.0倍);腹部较长,长为宽的2.7倍(后者的腹部较短,长为宽的1.8倍)。Xiao&Huang修订了中国毛链金小蜂属的种类,并提供了9个种的分类检索表。使用此检索表,新种最初被归为Systasis procerula Xiao et Huang。然而,本新种雌性在其他特征上存在差异:痣后脉长度是痣脉的1.4倍(后者的痣后脉短于痣脉);触角较短,梗节加鞭节的长度是头宽的1.15倍(后者是头宽的1.4倍);本种腹部更长,长为宽的2.7倍(后者腹部较短,长为宽的1.5倍)。此外,还描述了新种的生物学特性。元宝枫瘿蚊毛链金小蜂对元宝枫瘿蚊幼虫和蛹具有较高的寄生率,达到34%。其1~2龄幼虫为寄生性,而3龄以后则转为捕食性,能将单个种子中的52~125头瘿蚊幼虫(或蛹)捕食殆尽。该小蜂一年发生2~3代,是元宝枫瘿蚊的主要天敌。【结论】本天敌的发现为无公害生物防治元宝枫瘿蚊提供了一种优秀天敌。这一发现对于保护元宝枫这一珍贵树种及其籽油资源具有重要意义,并为未来种实害虫提供了新的生物防治技术。
文摘The parasitism of Orgyia ericae,which causes damage to Ammopiptanthus mongolcus,Heclysarum mongolicum,Hedysarum scoparium and Caragana korshinskii was investigated in Hangjin Qi and Etuoke Qi of Erdosi in Inner Mongolia.The results showed that 8 insect species of the natural enemy were found to parasitize the O.ericae,including Tetrastichus sp.at egg stage,Pimpla disparis、Itoplectis viduata and Aprostocetus sp.at pupa stage,Monodontomerus minor and Aprostocetus sp.at larva-pupa stage,Exorista larvarum and one species of Apanteles spp.at larva stage.Among them the ichneumon flies and chalcids were found sometimes to parasitically co-live in a pupa.There was significant difference in parasitism rate on H.mongolicum between the two regions in the same stage,and was also significant difference over the different stage in the same regions and hosts.
