The determination of the osmotic coefficients of the aqueous solution of polyhydroxylated compounds such as glycol, glycerol, sucrose and glucose by Vapour PressureOsmometry at 313, 323 and 333K was carried out over t...The determination of the osmotic coefficients of the aqueous solution of polyhydroxylated compounds such as glycol, glycerol, sucrose and glucose by Vapour PressureOsmometry at 313, 323 and 333K was carried out over the concentration range of 0.0-2.1mol.kg-1 and 0.0-2.0 mol.kg-1 respectively. By using a linear least-square fitting routine,the osmotic coefficients were fitted by a simPle polynomial equation, It was found thatthe relation between the experimental results of molal osmotic coefficients and the massmolal concentration of the solution m are in agree with that from the polynomial fit-ting at different temperature. Factors which imldence the osmotic coefficient such as thenumber of hydroxyl of polyhydroxylated compounds or the molecule weight of the solutemolecules should be further studied, this work will also contribute to the studies of otherthermodynamical properties of the aqueous solution of polyhydroxylated compound.展开更多
由于纳米金的许多性能均取决于其粒径,因此制备粒径可控的纳米金是非常重要的。本文采用绿色还原法,以氯金酸溶液为前驱体、辣椒提取液为保护剂和还原剂,通过改变反应条件制备了纳米金粒子。采用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、紫外-可见分...由于纳米金的许多性能均取决于其粒径,因此制备粒径可控的纳米金是非常重要的。本文采用绿色还原法,以氯金酸溶液为前驱体、辣椒提取液为保护剂和还原剂,通过改变反应条件制备了纳米金粒子。采用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、马尔文粒径分析仪、透射电镜、场发射扫描电镜和能谱仪等对所制备的样品进行了表征。结果显示,此法所制备溶胶中的金粒子均一性较好,为球状的纳米粒子,主要成分为单质金;分散性较好,粒径较小,SEM分析表明其平均粒径约为25 nm。辣椒提取液用量、氯金酸溶液用量等反应条件对溶胶中金粒子的形貌和粒径有着较大影响。在室温下,当辣椒提取液用量为15 m L,氯金酸溶液用量为10 m L时,所得到的纳米金粒子的粒径最小。辣椒提取液中含有多羟基化合物,能将氯金酸还原成金原子,随后金原子在提取物长链高分子位阻效应下组装成纳米金粒子。展开更多
为获得具有良好耐温抗剪切性能的聚合物压裂液,设计并合成了含阳离子基团的丙烯酰胺共聚物PAAD及配套有机钛交联剂TC,以PAAD为稠化剂、TC为交联剂、多羟基化合物MH为交联促进剂,制备了阳离子聚合物压裂液。研究了PAAD、TC、MH、pH值对...为获得具有良好耐温抗剪切性能的聚合物压裂液,设计并合成了含阳离子基团的丙烯酰胺共聚物PAAD及配套有机钛交联剂TC,以PAAD为稠化剂、TC为交联剂、多羟基化合物MH为交联促进剂,制备了阳离子聚合物压裂液。研究了PAAD、TC、MH、pH值对压裂液性能的影响。结果表明,PAAD具有较强的增黏能力,可作为压裂液稠化剂使用;TC可在酸性条件下与聚合物PAAD交联形成聚合物冻胶;MH在高温条件下能与PAAD稠化剂反应,促进聚合物交联网络的形成,提高压裂液黏度及耐温性能。该压裂液的性能与体系组成有关,随聚合物PAAD浓度的增加,压裂液冻胶黏度增大,但PAAD加量超过0.6%后冻胶黏度增幅减小。在PAAD浓度一定的条件下,TC和MH均存在对应冻胶高黏度的最佳浓度值。体系pH值对压裂液的性能影响较大,pH=3数4时压裂液成胶性能较好。组成为0.6%PAAD+1.0%TC+0.2%MH(pH=3数4)的压裂液经150℃、170 s^(-1)连续剪切90min后的黏度仍保持在90 m Pa·s左右,满足150℃高温油气井压裂施工需要。展开更多
文摘The determination of the osmotic coefficients of the aqueous solution of polyhydroxylated compounds such as glycol, glycerol, sucrose and glucose by Vapour PressureOsmometry at 313, 323 and 333K was carried out over the concentration range of 0.0-2.1mol.kg-1 and 0.0-2.0 mol.kg-1 respectively. By using a linear least-square fitting routine,the osmotic coefficients were fitted by a simPle polynomial equation, It was found thatthe relation between the experimental results of molal osmotic coefficients and the massmolal concentration of the solution m are in agree with that from the polynomial fit-ting at different temperature. Factors which imldence the osmotic coefficient such as thenumber of hydroxyl of polyhydroxylated compounds or the molecule weight of the solutemolecules should be further studied, this work will also contribute to the studies of otherthermodynamical properties of the aqueous solution of polyhydroxylated compound.
文摘由于纳米金的许多性能均取决于其粒径,因此制备粒径可控的纳米金是非常重要的。本文采用绿色还原法,以氯金酸溶液为前驱体、辣椒提取液为保护剂和还原剂,通过改变反应条件制备了纳米金粒子。采用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、马尔文粒径分析仪、透射电镜、场发射扫描电镜和能谱仪等对所制备的样品进行了表征。结果显示,此法所制备溶胶中的金粒子均一性较好,为球状的纳米粒子,主要成分为单质金;分散性较好,粒径较小,SEM分析表明其平均粒径约为25 nm。辣椒提取液用量、氯金酸溶液用量等反应条件对溶胶中金粒子的形貌和粒径有着较大影响。在室温下,当辣椒提取液用量为15 m L,氯金酸溶液用量为10 m L时,所得到的纳米金粒子的粒径最小。辣椒提取液中含有多羟基化合物,能将氯金酸还原成金原子,随后金原子在提取物长链高分子位阻效应下组装成纳米金粒子。
文摘为获得具有良好耐温抗剪切性能的聚合物压裂液,设计并合成了含阳离子基团的丙烯酰胺共聚物PAAD及配套有机钛交联剂TC,以PAAD为稠化剂、TC为交联剂、多羟基化合物MH为交联促进剂,制备了阳离子聚合物压裂液。研究了PAAD、TC、MH、pH值对压裂液性能的影响。结果表明,PAAD具有较强的增黏能力,可作为压裂液稠化剂使用;TC可在酸性条件下与聚合物PAAD交联形成聚合物冻胶;MH在高温条件下能与PAAD稠化剂反应,促进聚合物交联网络的形成,提高压裂液黏度及耐温性能。该压裂液的性能与体系组成有关,随聚合物PAAD浓度的增加,压裂液冻胶黏度增大,但PAAD加量超过0.6%后冻胶黏度增幅减小。在PAAD浓度一定的条件下,TC和MH均存在对应冻胶高黏度的最佳浓度值。体系pH值对压裂液的性能影响较大,pH=3数4时压裂液成胶性能较好。组成为0.6%PAAD+1.0%TC+0.2%MH(pH=3数4)的压裂液经150℃、170 s^(-1)连续剪切90min后的黏度仍保持在90 m Pa·s左右,满足150℃高温油气井压裂施工需要。
