This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
The current popular methods for decision making and project optimisation in mine ventilation contain a number of deficiencies as they are solely based on either subjective knowledge or objective information.This paper...The current popular methods for decision making and project optimisation in mine ventilation contain a number of deficiencies as they are solely based on either subjective knowledge or objective information.This paper presents a new approach to rank the alternatives by G1-coefficient of variation method.The focus of this approach is the use of the combination weighing,which is able to compensate for the deficiencies in the method of evaluation index single weighing.In the case study,an appropriate evaluation index system was established to determine the evaluation value of each ventilation mode.Then the proposed approach was used to select the best development face ventilation mode.The result shows that the proposed approach is able to rank the alternative development face ventilation mode reasonably,the combination weighing method had the advantages of both subjective and objective weighing methods in that it took into consideration of both the experience and wisdom of experts,and the new changes in objective conditions.This approach provides a more reasonable and reliable procedure to analyse and evaluate different ventilation modes.展开更多
Electrolytic manganese residue(EMR), a high volume byproduct resulting from the electrolytic manganese industry, was used as a cheap and abundant chemical source for preparing MnO2 and EMR-made calcium silicate hydrat...Electrolytic manganese residue(EMR), a high volume byproduct resulting from the electrolytic manganese industry, was used as a cheap and abundant chemical source for preparing MnO2 and EMR-made calcium silicate hydrate(EMR-CSH). The MnO2 is successfully synthesized from the metal cations extracted from EMR, which can effectively recycle the manganese in the EMR. By the combination of XRD, SEM and EDX analysis, the as-prepared MnO2 is found to exhibit a single-phase with the purity of 90.3%. Furthermore, EMR-CSH is synthesized from EMR via hydrothermal method. Based on the detailed analyses using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX and BET surface area measurement, the product synthesized under the optimum conditions(p H 12.0 and 100 °C) is identified to be a calcium silicate hydrate with a specific surface area of 205 m2/g incorporating the slag-derived metals(Al and Mg) in its structure. The as-synthesized material shows good adsorption properties for removal of Mn2+ and phosphate ions diluted in water, making it a promising candidate for efficient bulk wastewater treatment. This conversion process, which enables us to fabricate two different kinds of valuable materials from EMR at low cost and through convenient preparation steps, is surely beneficial from the viewpoint of the chemical and economical use of EMR.展开更多
Despite of modern navigation devices, there are problems in navigation of vessels in waterways due to the geographical structures, disturbances in water, dynamic nature, and heavily environmental influenced sea traffi...Despite of modern navigation devices, there are problems in navigation of vessels in waterways due to the geographical structures, disturbances in water, dynamic nature, and heavily environmental influenced sea traffic. Even though all vessels are equipped with modern navigation devices, the accidents are reported caused by various reasons and mainly by human factor according to investigation. We propose an effective and efficient composition collision risk calculation method for finding the collision probability and avoiding the collision between ships in possible collision situations. The proposed composition collision risk calculation method at ship's position using combination of fuzzy and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. The algorithm is straightforward to implement and is shown to be effective in automatic ship handling for ships involved in complex navigation situations. Experiments are carried out with indigenous data and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.展开更多
Extended finite element method （XFEM） implementation of the interaction integral methodology for evaluating the stress intensity factors （SIF） of the mixed-mode crack problem is presented. A discontinuous function...Extended finite element method （XFEM） implementation of the interaction integral methodology for evaluating the stress intensity factors （SIF） of the mixed-mode crack problem is presented. A discontinuous function and the near-tip asymptotic function are added to the classic finite element approximation to model the crack behavior. Two-state integral by the superposition of actual and auxiliary fields is derived to calculate the SIFs. Applications of the proposed technique to the inclined centre crack plate with inclined angle from 0° to 90° and slant edge crack plate with slant angle 45°, 67.5° and 90° are presented, and comparisons are made with closed form solutions. The results show that the proposed method is convenient, accurate and computationallv efficient.展开更多
An optimization model of underground mining method selection was established on the basis of the unascertained measurement theory.Considering the geologic conditions,technology,economy and safety production,ten main f...An optimization model of underground mining method selection was established on the basis of the unascertained measurement theory.Considering the geologic conditions,technology,economy and safety production,ten main factors influencing the selection of mining method were taken into account,and the comprehensive evaluation index system of mining method selection was constructed.The unascertained evaluation indices corresponding to the selected factors for the actual situation were solved both qualitatively and quantitatively.New measurement standards were constructed.Then,the unascertained measurement function of each evaluation index was established.The index weights of the factors were calculated by entropy theory,and credible degree recognition criteria were established according to the unascertained measurement theory.The results of mining method evaluation were obtained using the credible degree criteria,thus the best underground mining method was determined.Furthermore,this model was employed for the comprehensive evaluation and selection of the chosen standard mining methods in Xinli Gold Mine in Sanshandao of China.The results show that the relative superiority degrees of mining methods can be calculated using the unascertained measurement optimization model,so the optimal method can be easily determined.Meanwhile,the proposed method can take into account large amount of uncertain information in mining method selection,which can provide an effective way for selecting the optimal underground mining method.展开更多
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
基金Projects(51504286,51374242)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015M572270)supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(2015RS4004)supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Hunan Province,China
文摘The current popular methods for decision making and project optimisation in mine ventilation contain a number of deficiencies as they are solely based on either subjective knowledge or objective information.This paper presents a new approach to rank the alternatives by G1-coefficient of variation method.The focus of this approach is the use of the combination weighing,which is able to compensate for the deficiencies in the method of evaluation index single weighing.In the case study,an appropriate evaluation index system was established to determine the evaluation value of each ventilation mode.Then the proposed approach was used to select the best development face ventilation mode.The result shows that the proposed approach is able to rank the alternative development face ventilation mode reasonably,the combination weighing method had the advantages of both subjective and objective weighing methods in that it took into consideration of both the experience and wisdom of experts,and the new changes in objective conditions.This approach provides a more reasonable and reliable procedure to analyse and evaluate different ventilation modes.
基金Project(21376273)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010FJ1011)supported by the Research Fund of Science and Technology of Hunan Province,China
文摘Electrolytic manganese residue(EMR), a high volume byproduct resulting from the electrolytic manganese industry, was used as a cheap and abundant chemical source for preparing MnO2 and EMR-made calcium silicate hydrate(EMR-CSH). The MnO2 is successfully synthesized from the metal cations extracted from EMR, which can effectively recycle the manganese in the EMR. By the combination of XRD, SEM and EDX analysis, the as-prepared MnO2 is found to exhibit a single-phase with the purity of 90.3%. Furthermore, EMR-CSH is synthesized from EMR via hydrothermal method. Based on the detailed analyses using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX and BET surface area measurement, the product synthesized under the optimum conditions(p H 12.0 and 100 °C) is identified to be a calcium silicate hydrate with a specific surface area of 205 m2/g incorporating the slag-derived metals(Al and Mg) in its structure. The as-synthesized material shows good adsorption properties for removal of Mn2+ and phosphate ions diluted in water, making it a promising candidate for efficient bulk wastewater treatment. This conversion process, which enables us to fabricate two different kinds of valuable materials from EMR at low cost and through convenient preparation steps, is surely beneficial from the viewpoint of the chemical and economical use of EMR.
基金supported by ETRI through Maritime Safety & Maritime Traffic Management R&D Program of the MOF/KIMST (2009403, Development of Next Generation VTS for Maritime Safety)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (No. 2011-0015009)
文摘Despite of modern navigation devices, there are problems in navigation of vessels in waterways due to the geographical structures, disturbances in water, dynamic nature, and heavily environmental influenced sea traffic. Even though all vessels are equipped with modern navigation devices, the accidents are reported caused by various reasons and mainly by human factor according to investigation. We propose an effective and efficient composition collision risk calculation method for finding the collision probability and avoiding the collision between ships in possible collision situations. The proposed composition collision risk calculation method at ship's position using combination of fuzzy and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods. The algorithm is straightforward to implement and is shown to be effective in automatic ship handling for ships involved in complex navigation situations. Experiments are carried out with indigenous data and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
基金Projects(41172244,41072224) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2009GGJS-037) supported by the Foundation of Youths Key Teacher by the Henan Educational Committee,China
文摘Extended finite element method （XFEM） implementation of the interaction integral methodology for evaluating the stress intensity factors （SIF） of the mixed-mode crack problem is presented. A discontinuous function and the near-tip asymptotic function are added to the classic finite element approximation to model the crack behavior. Two-state integral by the superposition of actual and auxiliary fields is derived to calculate the SIFs. Applications of the proposed technique to the inclined centre crack plate with inclined angle from 0° to 90° and slant edge crack plate with slant angle 45°, 67.5° and 90° are presented, and comparisons are made with closed form solutions. The results show that the proposed method is convenient, accurate and computationallv efficient.
基金Project(2007CB209402) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China Project(SKLGDUEK0906) supported by the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering of China
文摘An optimization model of underground mining method selection was established on the basis of the unascertained measurement theory.Considering the geologic conditions,technology,economy and safety production,ten main factors influencing the selection of mining method were taken into account,and the comprehensive evaluation index system of mining method selection was constructed.The unascertained evaluation indices corresponding to the selected factors for the actual situation were solved both qualitatively and quantitatively.New measurement standards were constructed.Then,the unascertained measurement function of each evaluation index was established.The index weights of the factors were calculated by entropy theory,and credible degree recognition criteria were established according to the unascertained measurement theory.The results of mining method evaluation were obtained using the credible degree criteria,thus the best underground mining method was determined.Furthermore,this model was employed for the comprehensive evaluation and selection of the chosen standard mining methods in Xinli Gold Mine in Sanshandao of China.The results show that the relative superiority degrees of mining methods can be calculated using the unascertained measurement optimization model,so the optimal method can be easily determined.Meanwhile,the proposed method can take into account large amount of uncertain information in mining method selection,which can provide an effective way for selecting the optimal underground mining method.
