[Objective]Real-time monitoring of cow ruminant behavior is of paramount importance for promptly obtaining relevant information about cow health and predicting cow diseases.Currently,various strategies have been propo...[Objective]Real-time monitoring of cow ruminant behavior is of paramount importance for promptly obtaining relevant information about cow health and predicting cow diseases.Currently,various strategies have been proposed for monitoring cow ruminant behavior,including video surveillance,sound recognition,and sensor monitoring methods.How‐ever,the application of edge device gives rise to the issue of inadequate real-time performance.To reduce the volume of data transmission and cloud computing workload while achieving real-time monitoring of dairy cow rumination behavior,a real-time monitoring method was proposed for cow ruminant behavior based on edge computing.[Methods]Autono‐mously designed edge devices were utilized to collect and process six-axis acceleration signals from cows in real-time.Based on these six-axis data,two distinct strategies,federated edge intelligence and split edge intelligence,were investigat‐ed for the real-time recognition of cow ruminant behavior.Focused on the real-time recognition method for cow ruminant behavior leveraging federated edge intelligence,the CA-MobileNet v3 network was proposed by enhancing the MobileNet v3 network with a collaborative attention mechanism.Additionally,a federated edge intelligence model was designed uti‐lizing the CA-MobileNet v3 network and the FedAvg federated aggregation algorithm.In the study on split edge intelli‐gence,a split edge intelligence model named MobileNet-LSTM was designed by integrating the MobileNet v3 network with a fusion collaborative attention mechanism and the Bi-LSTM network.[Results and Discussions]Through compara‐tive experiments with MobileNet v3 and MobileNet-LSTM,the federated edge intelligence model based on CA-Mo‐bileNet v3 achieved an average Precision rate,Recall rate,F1-Score,Specificity,and Accuracy of 97.1%,97.9%,97.5%,98.3%,and 98.2%,respectively,yielding the best recognition performance.[Conclusions]It is provided a real-time and effective method for monitoring cow ruminant behavior,and the proposed federated edge intelligence model can be ap‐plied in practical settings.展开更多
The Daubechies second order wavelet was applied to decompose pressure fluctuation signals with the gas flux varying from 0.18 to 0.90 m3/h and the solid mass fraction from 0 to 20% and scales 1?9 detail signals and th...The Daubechies second order wavelet was applied to decompose pressure fluctuation signals with the gas flux varying from 0.18 to 0.90 m3/h and the solid mass fraction from 0 to 20% and scales 1?9 detail signals and the 9th scale approximation signals. The pressure signals were studied by multi-scale and R/S analysis method. Hurst analysis method was applied to analyze multi-fractal characteristics of different scale signals. The results show that the characteristics of mono-fractal under scale 1 and scale 2, and bi-fractal under scale 3?9 are effective in deducing the hydrodynamics in slurry bubbling flow system. The measured pressure signals are decomposed to micro-scale signals, meso-scale signals and macro-scale signals. Micro-scale and macro-scale signals are of mono-fractal characteristics, and meso-scale signals are of bi-fractal characteristics. By analyzing energy distribution of different scale signals,it is shown that pressure fluctuations mainly reflects meso-scale interaction between the particles and the bubble.展开更多
The traditional manner to design public transportation system is to sequentially design the transit network and public bicycle network. A new public transportation system design problem that simultaneously considers b...The traditional manner to design public transportation system is to sequentially design the transit network and public bicycle network. A new public transportation system design problem that simultaneously considers both bus network design and public bicycle network design is proposed. The chemical reaction optimization(CRO) is designed to solve the problem. A shortcoming of CRO is that, when the two-molecule collisions take place, the molecules are randomly picked from the container.Hence, we improve CRO by employing different mating strategies. The computational results confirm the benefits of the mating strategies. Numerical experiments are conducted on the Sioux-Falls network. A comparison with the traditional sequential modeling framework indicates that the proposed approach has a better performance and is more robust. The practical applicability of the approach is proved by employing a real size network.展开更多
The mercury sulfidation experiments were conducted in the pH range from 1 to 13. The results show that Hg（II） reacted with equimolar S（ II ） has the lowest remained Hg（II ） concentration （9.7 μg/L） at pH 1.0 ...The mercury sulfidation experiments were conducted in the pH range from 1 to 13. The results show that Hg（II） reacted with equimolar S（ II ） has the lowest remained Hg（II ） concentration （9.7 μg/L） at pH 1.0 and the highest remained concentration （940.8μg/L） at pH 13.0. Meanwhile, the changes of pH values were monitored exactly, which reveal that solution pH values change when mixing the same pH value solutions of HgCI2 and Na2S. In order to explain the phenomena and determine the reaction paths of Hg（II） reacting with S（ II ） in the solution, the concerned thermodynamics was studied. Species of S（ II ）-H2O system and Hg（II）-H2O system at different pH values were calculated, and then the species distribution diagrams of S（II）-H2O system, Hg（ II ）-H2O system and Hg（ II ）-Cl-OH--H20 system were drawn. Combining the experimental data and thermodynamic calculation, the mechanism of Hg（II） reacting with S（II） was deduced. The results indicate that different species of S（ II ） and Hg（II） have the diverse reaction paths to form HgS precipitate at different pH values and the standard Gibbs free energies change （△tGm^⊙） of those equations are also calculated, which can provide a guidance for mercury-containing wastewater treatment with Na2S.展开更多
In order to improve the reliability of the design and calculation of single piles under the combined vertical and lateral loads, the solutions were presented based on the subgrade reaction method, in which the ultimat...In order to improve the reliability of the design and calculation of single piles under the combined vertical and lateral loads, the solutions were presented based on the subgrade reaction method, in which the ultimate soil resistance was considered and the coefficient of subgrade reaction was assumed to be a constant. The corresponding computational program was developed using FORTRAN language. A comparison between the obtained solutions and the model test results was made to show the validity of the obtained solutions. The calculation results indicate that both the maximum lateral displacement and bending moment increase with the increase of the vertical and lateral loads and the pile length above ground, while decrease as the pile stiffness, the coefficient of subgrade reaction and the yielding displacement of soil increase. It is also shown that the pile head condition controls the pile responses and the vertical load may cause the instability problem to the pile. In general, the proposed method can be employed to calculate the pile responses independent of the magnitude of the pile deflection.展开更多
A simulation calculation model for the solubility of insoluble compound MmAa in complex system was established.According to coordination equilibrium principle,relevant dissociation reaction,complexation reaction,self-...A simulation calculation model for the solubility of insoluble compound MmAa in complex system was established.According to coordination equilibrium principle,relevant dissociation reaction,complexation reaction,self-complexation reaction and protonation reaction during insoluble compound dissolving were considered and then the mass balance equations about solubility calculation were obtained.In the case analysis,the solubility of silver chloride in ammonia system was obtained by simulation calculation,and curved surface charts of thermodynamic equilibrium about the total concentration of silver ions,pH and concentration of ammonia ions were drawn correspondingly.The results show that under the conditions of room temperature and 6 mol/L ammonia concentration,the calculated solubility value of silver chloride(34 g/L) is close to the actual value(31 g/L),demonstrating that this model is suitable for solubility calculation of insoluble compound MmAa in the complex system.展开更多
To find the distribution patterns of dynamic amplification coefficients for dams subjected to earthquake, 3D seismic responses of concrete-faced rockfill dams with different heights and different shapes of river valle...To find the distribution patterns of dynamic amplification coefficients for dams subjected to earthquake, 3D seismic responses of concrete-faced rockfill dams with different heights and different shapes of river valley were analyzed by using the equivalent-linear model. Statistical analysis was also made to the seismic coefficient, and an empirical formula for calculating the maximum acceleration was provided. The results indicate that under the condition of the same dam height and the same base acceleration excitations, with the increase of the river valley width, the position of the maximum acceleration on the axis of the top of the dam moves from the center to the riversides symmetrically. For the narrow valleys, the maximum acceleration occurs in the middle of the axis at the top of the dam; for wide valleys the maximum acceleration appears near the riversides. The result negates the application of 2D dynamical computation for wide valleys, and shows that for the seismic response of high concrete-faced rockfill dams, the seismic coefficient along the axis should be given, except for that along the dam height. Seismic stability analysis of rockfill dams using pseudo-static method can be modified according to the formula.展开更多
文摘[Objective]Real-time monitoring of cow ruminant behavior is of paramount importance for promptly obtaining relevant information about cow health and predicting cow diseases.Currently,various strategies have been proposed for monitoring cow ruminant behavior,including video surveillance,sound recognition,and sensor monitoring methods.How‐ever,the application of edge device gives rise to the issue of inadequate real-time performance.To reduce the volume of data transmission and cloud computing workload while achieving real-time monitoring of dairy cow rumination behavior,a real-time monitoring method was proposed for cow ruminant behavior based on edge computing.[Methods]Autono‐mously designed edge devices were utilized to collect and process six-axis acceleration signals from cows in real-time.Based on these six-axis data,two distinct strategies,federated edge intelligence and split edge intelligence,were investigat‐ed for the real-time recognition of cow ruminant behavior.Focused on the real-time recognition method for cow ruminant behavior leveraging federated edge intelligence,the CA-MobileNet v3 network was proposed by enhancing the MobileNet v3 network with a collaborative attention mechanism.Additionally,a federated edge intelligence model was designed uti‐lizing the CA-MobileNet v3 network and the FedAvg federated aggregation algorithm.In the study on split edge intelli‐gence,a split edge intelligence model named MobileNet-LSTM was designed by integrating the MobileNet v3 network with a fusion collaborative attention mechanism and the Bi-LSTM network.[Results and Discussions]Through compara‐tive experiments with MobileNet v3 and MobileNet-LSTM,the federated edge intelligence model based on CA-Mo‐bileNet v3 achieved an average Precision rate,Recall rate,F1-Score,Specificity,and Accuracy of 97.1%,97.9%,97.5%,98.3%,and 98.2%,respectively,yielding the best recognition performance.[Conclusions]It is provided a real-time and effective method for monitoring cow ruminant behavior,and the proposed federated edge intelligence model can be ap‐plied in practical settings.
基金Project(NCET-05-0413)support by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in UniversityProject(YB0142112) support by Priming Foundation of East China University of Science and Technology
文摘The Daubechies second order wavelet was applied to decompose pressure fluctuation signals with the gas flux varying from 0.18 to 0.90 m3/h and the solid mass fraction from 0 to 20% and scales 1?9 detail signals and the 9th scale approximation signals. The pressure signals were studied by multi-scale and R/S analysis method. Hurst analysis method was applied to analyze multi-fractal characteristics of different scale signals. The results show that the characteristics of mono-fractal under scale 1 and scale 2, and bi-fractal under scale 3?9 are effective in deducing the hydrodynamics in slurry bubbling flow system. The measured pressure signals are decomposed to micro-scale signals, meso-scale signals and macro-scale signals. Micro-scale and macro-scale signals are of mono-fractal characteristics, and meso-scale signals are of bi-fractal characteristics. By analyzing energy distribution of different scale signals,it is shown that pressure fluctuations mainly reflects meso-scale interaction between the particles and the bubble.
基金Projects(71301115,71271150,71101102)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20130032120009)supported by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘The traditional manner to design public transportation system is to sequentially design the transit network and public bicycle network. A new public transportation system design problem that simultaneously considers both bus network design and public bicycle network design is proposed. The chemical reaction optimization(CRO) is designed to solve the problem. A shortcoming of CRO is that, when the two-molecule collisions take place, the molecules are randomly picked from the container.Hence, we improve CRO by employing different mating strategies. The computational results confirm the benefits of the mating strategies. Numerical experiments are conducted on the Sioux-Falls network. A comparison with the traditional sequential modeling framework indicates that the proposed approach has a better performance and is more robust. The practical applicability of the approach is proved by employing a real size network.
基金Project(50925417) supported by China National Funds for Distinguished Young ScientistsProject(50830301) supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project(308019) supported by the Key Science and Technical Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaProject(2007BAC25B01) supported by the National Key Project of Science and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of China during the 11th Five-Year PlanProject(08JJ3020) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China
文摘The mercury sulfidation experiments were conducted in the pH range from 1 to 13. The results show that Hg（II） reacted with equimolar S（ II ） has the lowest remained Hg（II ） concentration （9.7 μg/L） at pH 1.0 and the highest remained concentration （940.8μg/L） at pH 13.0. Meanwhile, the changes of pH values were monitored exactly, which reveal that solution pH values change when mixing the same pH value solutions of HgCI2 and Na2S. In order to explain the phenomena and determine the reaction paths of Hg（II） reacting with S（ II ） in the solution, the concerned thermodynamics was studied. Species of S（ II ）-H2O system and Hg（II）-H2O system at different pH values were calculated, and then the species distribution diagrams of S（II）-H2O system, Hg（ II ）-H2O system and Hg（ II ）-Cl-OH--H20 system were drawn. Combining the experimental data and thermodynamic calculation, the mechanism of Hg（II） reacting with S（II） was deduced. The results indicate that different species of S（ II ） and Hg（II） have the diverse reaction paths to form HgS precipitate at different pH values and the standard Gibbs free energies change （△tGm^⊙） of those equations are also calculated, which can provide a guidance for mercury-containing wastewater treatment with Na2S.
基金Foundation item： Projects（50708093, 50808159） supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to improve the reliability of the design and calculation of single piles under the combined vertical and lateral loads, the solutions were presented based on the subgrade reaction method, in which the ultimate soil resistance was considered and the coefficient of subgrade reaction was assumed to be a constant. The corresponding computational program was developed using FORTRAN language. A comparison between the obtained solutions and the model test results was made to show the validity of the obtained solutions. The calculation results indicate that both the maximum lateral displacement and bending moment increase with the increase of the vertical and lateral loads and the pile length above ground, while decrease as the pile stiffness, the coefficient of subgrade reaction and the yielding displacement of soil increase. It is also shown that the pile head condition controls the pile responses and the vertical load may cause the instability problem to the pile. In general, the proposed method can be employed to calculate the pile responses independent of the magnitude of the pile deflection.
基金Project(2007CB613604) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘A simulation calculation model for the solubility of insoluble compound MmAa in complex system was established.According to coordination equilibrium principle,relevant dissociation reaction,complexation reaction,self-complexation reaction and protonation reaction during insoluble compound dissolving were considered and then the mass balance equations about solubility calculation were obtained.In the case analysis,the solubility of silver chloride in ammonia system was obtained by simulation calculation,and curved surface charts of thermodynamic equilibrium about the total concentration of silver ions,pH and concentration of ammonia ions were drawn correspondingly.The results show that under the conditions of room temperature and 6 mol/L ammonia concentration,the calculated solubility value of silver chloride(34 g/L) is close to the actual value(31 g/L),demonstrating that this model is suitable for solubility calculation of insoluble compound MmAa in the complex system.
基金Project(90815024) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To find the distribution patterns of dynamic amplification coefficients for dams subjected to earthquake, 3D seismic responses of concrete-faced rockfill dams with different heights and different shapes of river valley were analyzed by using the equivalent-linear model. Statistical analysis was also made to the seismic coefficient, and an empirical formula for calculating the maximum acceleration was provided. The results indicate that under the condition of the same dam height and the same base acceleration excitations, with the increase of the river valley width, the position of the maximum acceleration on the axis of the top of the dam moves from the center to the riversides symmetrically. For the narrow valleys, the maximum acceleration occurs in the middle of the axis at the top of the dam; for wide valleys the maximum acceleration appears near the riversides. The result negates the application of 2D dynamical computation for wide valleys, and shows that for the seismic response of high concrete-faced rockfill dams, the seismic coefficient along the axis should be given, except for that along the dam height. Seismic stability analysis of rockfill dams using pseudo-static method can be modified according to the formula.
