Using a dynamic laser monitoring technique,the solubility of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one(NTO)was investigated in two different binary systems,namely hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-water and boric acid(HB)-water ranging f...Using a dynamic laser monitoring technique,the solubility of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one(NTO)was investigated in two different binary systems,namely hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-water and boric acid(HB)-water ranging from 278.15 K to 318.15 K.The solubility in each system was found to be positively correlated with temperature.Furthermore,solubility data were analyzed using four equations:the modified Apelblat equation,Van’t Hoff equation,λh equation and CNIBS/R-K equations,and they provided satisfactory results for both two systems.The average root-mean-square deviation(105RMSD)values for these models were less than 13.93.Calculations utilizing the Van’t Hoff equation and Gibbs equations facilitated the derivation of apparent thermodynamic properties of NTO dissolution in the two systems,including values for Gibbs free energy,enthalpy and entropy.The%ζ_(H)is larger than%ζ_(TS),and all the%ζ_(H)data are≥58.63%,indicating that the enthalpy make a greater contribution than entropy to theΔG_(soln)^(Θ).展开更多
According to the interaction of three shallow tunnels with large section, the analytical solution to rock pressure has been derived and discussed. The load model is given when the bilateral tunnels are excavated. Acco...According to the interaction of three shallow tunnels with large section, the analytical solution to rock pressure has been derived and discussed. The load model is given when the bilateral tunnels are excavated. According to the model, the stresses of three tunnels and single tunnel are calculated and compared to analyze the distribution characteristics, where the stresses are influenced by controlling factors of clear distance, covering depth and inclination angle of ground surface. The results show that, in general, the bias distribution is more serious. Therefore, it is significant to settle down the load model of three shallow tunnels so as to determine the measure of reinforcement and design the structure of support. The model and results can be used as a theoretical basis in designation and further research of the three shallow tunnels.展开更多
To study the stiffness distribution of girder and the method to identify modal parameters of cable-stayed bridge, a simplified dynamical finite element method model named three beams model was established for the gird...To study the stiffness distribution of girder and the method to identify modal parameters of cable-stayed bridge, a simplified dynamical finite element method model named three beams model was established for the girder with double ribs. Based on the simplified model four stiffness formulae were deduced according to Hamilton principle. These formulae reflect well the contribution of the flexural, shearing, free torsion and restricted torsion deformation, respectively. An identification method about modal parameters was put forward by combining method of peak value and power spectral density according to modal test under ambient excitation. The dynamic finite element method analysis and modal test were carried out in a long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge. The results show that the errors of frequencies between theoretical analysis and test results are less than 10% mostly, and the most important modal parameters for cable-stayed bridge are determined to be the longitudinal floating mode, the first vertical flexural mode and the first torsional mode, which demonstrate that the method of stiffness distribution for three beams model is accurate and method to identify modal parameters is effective under ambient excitation modal test.展开更多
A new test method was proposed to evaluate the cohesive strength of composite laminates. Cohesive strength and the critical strain energy for Mode-II interlamiar fracture of E-glass/epoxy woven fabrication were determ...A new test method was proposed to evaluate the cohesive strength of composite laminates. Cohesive strength and the critical strain energy for Mode-II interlamiar fracture of E-glass/epoxy woven fabrication were determined from the single lap joint(SLJ) and end notch flexure(ENF) test, respectively. In order to verify their adequacy, a cohesive zone model simulation based on interface finite elements was performed. A closed form solution for determination of the penalty stiffness parameter was proposed. Modified form of Park-Paulino-Roesler traction-separation law was provided and conducted altogether with trapezoidal and bilinear mixed-mode damage models to simulate damage using Abaqus cohesive elements. It was observed that accurate damage prediction and numerical convergence were obtained using the proposed penalty stiffness. Comparison between three damage models reveals that good simulation of fracture process zone and delamination prediction were obtained using the modified PPR model as damage model. Cohesive zone length as a material property was determined. To ensure the sufficient dissipation of energy, it was recommended that at least 4 elements should span cohesive zone length.展开更多
The center cutter of a hard rock tunnel boring machine(TBM) is installed on the cutterhead at a small radius and thus bears complex side force.Given this fact,the formation mechanism and change law of the side force s...The center cutter of a hard rock tunnel boring machine(TBM) is installed on the cutterhead at a small radius and thus bears complex side force.Given this fact,the formation mechanism and change law of the side force suffered by the center cutter were studied.Based on the rock shear failure criterion in combination with the lateral rolling width,a model for predicting the average side force was set up.Besides,a numerical analysis model of the rock fragmentation of the center cutter was established,and the instantaneous load changing features were investigated.Results shows that the inner side of the center cutter can form lateral rolling annulus in rock during the rotary cutting process.The smaller the installation radius is,the greater the cutter side force will be.In a working condition,the side force of the innermost center cutter is 11.66 k N,while it decreases sharply when installation radius increases.Variation tends to be gentle when installation radius is larger than 500 mm,and the side force of the outermost center cutter is reduced to 0.74 k N.展开更多
Fatigue is usually the cause for the cracks identified at bridge elements in service. With an increase in the introduction of corrugated steel web girders in recent highway bridge construction, the understanding of th...Fatigue is usually the cause for the cracks identified at bridge elements in service. With an increase in the introduction of corrugated steel web girders in recent highway bridge construction, the understanding of the fatigue behaviour of welded details in such structures becomes an important issue for the design. The typical welded details were represented as welded joints assembled by longitudinal corrugated plates. All the experiments were performed under fatigue loading using a servo-control testing machine. The test results from the failure mode observation with the aid of infrared thermo-graph technology show that the failure manner of these welded joints is comparable to that of the corrugated steel web beams reported previously. It is indicated from the stiffness degradation analysis that the welded joints with larger corrugation angle have higher stiffness and greater stiffness degradation in the notable stiffness degradation range. It is shown from the test S-N relations based on the free regression and forced regression analyses that there is a good linear dependence between lg(N) and lg(ΔS). It is also demonstrated that the proposed fracture mechanics analytical model is able to give a prediction slightly lower but on the safe side for the mean stresses at 2 million cycles of the test welded joints.展开更多
Cave roofs are used to support pile foundation in many engineering projects. Accurate stability analysis method of cave roof under pile tip is important in order to ensure the safety of the pile foundation structure. ...Cave roofs are used to support pile foundation in many engineering projects. Accurate stability analysis method of cave roof under pile tip is important in order to ensure the safety of the pile foundation structure. Firstly the mechanical model to analysis the stability of cave roof under pile tip is founded aiming to solve the problems that the simplified mechanical model has. Secondly, the boundary of cave roof is simply supposed to be supported according to the integrity of the rock mass in the boundary of cave roof. Thirdly, based on the theory of plates and shells, the simplified model is calculated and the theoretical calculation formula to determine the safe thickness of cave roof under pile tip can be obtained when the edges of the cave roof are simply supported. In the end, the analysis of the practical engineering project proves the feasibility and the rationality of the method which can be a new method to calculate the safe thickness of cave roof under pile tip.展开更多
A comprehensive thermodynamic model, which combined the Helgeson Kirkham-Flowers （HKF） equation of state for standard-state thermodynamic properties of all species with realistic activity coefficient model developed...A comprehensive thermodynamic model, which combined the Helgeson Kirkham-Flowers （HKF） equation of state for standard-state thermodynamic properties of all species with realistic activity coefficient model developed by BROMLEY, was used to calculate the thermodynamic equilibrium, and a graphical method was developed to construct predominance existence diagrams （PED） for copper-ammonia-chloride in the presence of realistically modeled aqueous solutions. The existence of the different predominant chemical species for Cu（lI） predicted by the diagrams was corroborated by spectrophotometrical studies and X-ray diffractometry. The simulated and experimental results indicate that the predominance of a given species in solution strongly depends on the pH value in this system. More quantitative information on real copper hydrometallurgy in the presence of ammonia and chloride can be obtained from these diagrams compared with the conventional predominance existence diagrams.展开更多
The effects of geometry on mechanical properties in woven fabric composites were explored. Two types of composites, including one-layered and two-layered composites, were designed and studied. For one-layered composit...The effects of geometry on mechanical properties in woven fabric composites were explored. Two types of composites, including one-layered and two-layered composites, were designed and studied. For one-layered composites, inter-strand gap effects on the mechanical properties were studied, while three cases of geometries with inter-strand gaps in two-layered composites were evaluated. A woven fiber micromechanics analytical model called MESOTEX was employed for theoretical simulation. The predicted results show that the inter-strand gap and simple variation of the strand positions in a repeating unit cell significantly affect the mechanical properties of woven fabric composites.展开更多
To overcome the deficiencies of conventional geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankment, a new improvement technique, fixed geosynthetic technique of GRPS embankment (FGT embankment), was developed a...To overcome the deficiencies of conventional geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankment, a new improvement technique, fixed geosynthetic technique of GRPS embankment (FGT embankment), was developed and introduced. Based on the discussion about the load transfer mechanism of FGT embankment, a simplified check method of the requirement of geosynthetic tensile strength and a mechanical model of the FGT embankment were proposed. Two conditions, the pile cap and pile beam conditions are considered in the mechanical model. The finite difference method is used to solve the mechanical model owing to the complexity of the differential equations and the soil strata. Then, the numerical procedure is programmed. Finally, a field test is conducted to verify the mechanical model and the calculated results are in good agreement with field measured data.展开更多
A method is developed to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of composite shear walls with double steel plates and filled concrete with binding bars(SCBs). Nonlinear finite element models of SCBs were establish...A method is developed to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of composite shear walls with double steel plates and filled concrete with binding bars(SCBs). Nonlinear finite element models of SCBs were established by using the finite element tool, Abaqus. Tie constraints were used to connect the binding bars and the steel plates. Surface-to-surface contact provided by the Abaqus was used to simulate the interaction between the steel plate and the core concrete. The established models could predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of SCBs with a reasonable degree of accuracy. A calculation method was developed by superposition principle to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of SCBs for the engineering application. The concrete confined by steel plates and binding bars is under multi-axial compression; therefore, its shear strength was calculated by using the Guo-Wang concrete failure criterion. The shear strength of the steel plates of SCBs was calculated by using the von Mises yielding criterion without considering buckling. Results of the developed method are in good agreement with the testing and finite element results.展开更多
A four-bar linkage mechanism with links fabricated from symmetric laminates was studied. The mass matrix of the beam dement was obtained in light of the mass distribution characteristics of composite materials. The st...A four-bar linkage mechanism with links fabricated from symmetric laminates was studied. The mass matrix of the beam dement was obtained in light of the mass distribution characteristics of composite materials. The stiffness matrix of the beam element was derived from the constitutive equations of each layer and the relationship between the strain distribution and the node displacement of the beam element. The specific damping capacity of the beam element was analyzed according to the strain distribution of the beam element and the strain energy dissipation caused by vibration in each direction of each layer; and the damping coefficients were obtained according to the principle that the total energy dissipation of the beam element was equal to the work done by the equivalent damping force during a cycle of vibration, from which the damping matrix of the dynamic equations was obtained. Using the finite element method, the dynamic analytic model of the mechanism was obtained. The dynamic responses and natural frequency of the mechanism were obtained by simulation, respectively, and those of the simulation obtained by the proposed model were analyzed and compared with the results obtained by the conventional model. The work provides theoretical basis to a certain extent for the further research on nonlinear vibration characteristics and optimum design of this kind of mechanism.展开更多
The armored cable used in a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle(ROV) may undergo large displacement motion when subjected to dynamic actions of ship heave motion and ocean current. A novel geometrically exact finite el...The armored cable used in a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle(ROV) may undergo large displacement motion when subjected to dynamic actions of ship heave motion and ocean current. A novel geometrically exact finite element model for two-dimensional dynamic analysis of armored cable is presented. This model accounts for the geometric nonlinearities of large displacement of the armored cable, and effects of axial load and bending stiffness. The governing equations are derived by consistent linearization and finite element discretization of the total weak form of the armored cable system, and solved by the Newmark time integration method. To make the solution procedure avoid falling into the local extreme points, a simple adaptive stepping strategy is proposed. The presented model is validated via actual measured data. Results for dynamic configurations, motion and tension of both ends of the armored cable, and resonance-zone are presented for two numerical cases, including the dynamic analysis under the case of only ship heave motion and the case of joint action of ship heave motion and ocean current. The dynamics analysis can provide important reference for the design or product selection of the armored cable in a deep-sea ROV system so as to improve the safety of its marine operation under the sea state of 4 or above.展开更多
A coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-migratory model of dual-porosity medium for saturated-unsaturated ubiquitous-joint rockmass was established,in which the stress field and the temperature field were single,but the see...A coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-migratory model of dual-porosity medium for saturated-unsaturated ubiquitous-joint rockmass was established,in which the stress field and the temperature field were single,but the seepage field and the concentration field were double,and the influences of sets,spaces,angles,continuity ratios,stiffnesses of fractures on the constitutive relationship of the medium were considered.Also,the relative two-dimensional program of finite element method was developed.Taking a hypothetical nuclear waste repository as a calculation example,the case in which the rockmass was unsaturated dual-porosity medium and radioactive nuclide leak was simulated numerically,and the temperatures,negative pore pressures,saturations,flow velocities,nuclide concentrations and principal stresses in the rockmass were investigated.The results show that the negative pore pressures and nuclide concentrations in the porosity and fracture present different changes and distributions.Even though the saturation degree in porosity is only about 1/10 that in fracture,the flow velocity of underground water in fracture is about three times that in porosity because the permeability coefficient of fracture is almost four orders higher than that of porosity.The value of nuclide concentration in fracture is close to that in porosity.展开更多
The systematical and scalable frameworks were provided for estimating the blocking probabilities under asynchronous traffic in optical burst switching(OBS) nodes with limited wavelength conversion capability(LWCC) . T...The systematical and scalable frameworks were provided for estimating the blocking probabilities under asynchronous traffic in optical burst switching(OBS) nodes with limited wavelength conversion capability(LWCC) . The relevant system architectures of limited range and limited number of wavelength converters(WCs) deployed by a share-per-fiber(SPF) mode were developed,and the novel theoretical analysis of node blocking probability was derived by combining the calculation of discouraged arrival rate in a birth-death process and two-dimensional Markov chain model of SPF. The simulation results on single node performance verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the analysis models. Under most scenarios,it is difficult to distinguish the plots generated by the analysis and simulation. As the conversion degree increases,the accuracy of the analysis model worsens slightly. However,the utmost error on burst loss probability is far less than one order of magnitude and hence,still allows for an accurate estimate. Some results are of actual significance to the construction of next-generation commercial OBS backbones.展开更多
In order to describe and control the stress distribution and total deformation of bladed disk assemblies used in the aeroengine, a highly efficient and precise method of probabilistic analysis which is called extremum...In order to describe and control the stress distribution and total deformation of bladed disk assemblies used in the aeroengine, a highly efficient and precise method of probabilistic analysis which is called extremum response surface method(ERSM) is produced based on the previous deterministic analysis results with the finite element model(FEM). In this work, many key nonlinear factors, such as the dynamic feature of the temperature load, the centrifugal force and the boundary conditions, are taken into consideration for the model. The changing patterns with time of bladed disk assemblies about stress distribution and total deformation are obtained during the deterministic analysis, and at the same time, the largest deformation and stress nodes of bladed disk assemblies are found and taken as input target of probabilistic analysis in a scientific and reasonable way. Not only their reliability, historical sample, extreme response surface(ERS) and the cumulative probability distribution function but also their sensitivity and effect probability are obtained. Main factors affecting stress distribution and total deformation of bladed disk assemblies are investigated through the sensitivity analysis of the model. Finally, compared with the response surface method(RSM) and the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS), the results show that this new approach is effective.展开更多
Decreasing in emissions of greenhouse gases to confront the global warming needs to replace fossil fuels as the main doer of the world climate changes by renewable and clean fuels produced from biomass like wood waste...Decreasing in emissions of greenhouse gases to confront the global warming needs to replace fossil fuels as the main doer of the world climate changes by renewable and clean fuels produced from biomass like wood waste which is neutral on the amount of CO2. An analytical and engineering model for pyrolysis process of a single biomass particle has been presented. Using a two-stage semi global kinetic model which includes both primary and secondary reactions, the effects of parameters like shape and size of particle as well as porosity on the particle temperature profile and product yields have been investigated. Comparison of the obtained results with experimental data shows that our results are in a reasonable agreement with previous researchers' works. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is done to determine the importance of each parameter on pyrolysis of a single biomass particle which is affected by many constant parameters.展开更多
文摘Using a dynamic laser monitoring technique,the solubility of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one(NTO)was investigated in two different binary systems,namely hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-water and boric acid(HB)-water ranging from 278.15 K to 318.15 K.The solubility in each system was found to be positively correlated with temperature.Furthermore,solubility data were analyzed using four equations:the modified Apelblat equation,Van’t Hoff equation,λh equation and CNIBS/R-K equations,and they provided satisfactory results for both two systems.The average root-mean-square deviation(105RMSD)values for these models were less than 13.93.Calculations utilizing the Van’t Hoff equation and Gibbs equations facilitated the derivation of apparent thermodynamic properties of NTO dissolution in the two systems,including values for Gibbs free energy,enthalpy and entropy.The%ζ_(H)is larger than%ζ_(TS),and all the%ζ_(H)data are≥58.63%,indicating that the enthalpy make a greater contribution than entropy to theΔG_(soln)^(Θ).
基金Projects(2013CB036004, 2011CB013800) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51178468, 50908234) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011G103-B) supported by the Science and Technology Development of Railway in China
文摘According to the interaction of three shallow tunnels with large section, the analytical solution to rock pressure has been derived and discussed. The load model is given when the bilateral tunnels are excavated. According to the model, the stresses of three tunnels and single tunnel are calculated and compared to analyze the distribution characteristics, where the stresses are influenced by controlling factors of clear distance, covering depth and inclination angle of ground surface. The results show that, in general, the bias distribution is more serious. Therefore, it is significant to settle down the load model of three shallow tunnels so as to determine the measure of reinforcement and design the structure of support. The model and results can be used as a theoretical basis in designation and further research of the three shallow tunnels.
基金Project(50608008) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinaproject(20050536002) supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education
文摘To study the stiffness distribution of girder and the method to identify modal parameters of cable-stayed bridge, a simplified dynamical finite element method model named three beams model was established for the girder with double ribs. Based on the simplified model four stiffness formulae were deduced according to Hamilton principle. These formulae reflect well the contribution of the flexural, shearing, free torsion and restricted torsion deformation, respectively. An identification method about modal parameters was put forward by combining method of peak value and power spectral density according to modal test under ambient excitation. The dynamic finite element method analysis and modal test were carried out in a long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge. The results show that the errors of frequencies between theoretical analysis and test results are less than 10% mostly, and the most important modal parameters for cable-stayed bridge are determined to be the longitudinal floating mode, the first vertical flexural mode and the first torsional mode, which demonstrate that the method of stiffness distribution for three beams model is accurate and method to identify modal parameters is effective under ambient excitation modal test.
文摘A new test method was proposed to evaluate the cohesive strength of composite laminates. Cohesive strength and the critical strain energy for Mode-II interlamiar fracture of E-glass/epoxy woven fabrication were determined from the single lap joint(SLJ) and end notch flexure(ENF) test, respectively. In order to verify their adequacy, a cohesive zone model simulation based on interface finite elements was performed. A closed form solution for determination of the penalty stiffness parameter was proposed. Modified form of Park-Paulino-Roesler traction-separation law was provided and conducted altogether with trapezoidal and bilinear mixed-mode damage models to simulate damage using Abaqus cohesive elements. It was observed that accurate damage prediction and numerical convergence were obtained using the proposed penalty stiffness. Comparison between three damage models reveals that good simulation of fracture process zone and delamination prediction were obtained using the modified PPR model as damage model. Cohesive zone length as a material property was determined. To ensure the sufficient dissipation of energy, it was recommended that at least 4 elements should span cohesive zone length.
基金Project (2013CB035401) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject (51475478) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2012AA041803) supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘The center cutter of a hard rock tunnel boring machine(TBM) is installed on the cutterhead at a small radius and thus bears complex side force.Given this fact,the formation mechanism and change law of the side force suffered by the center cutter were studied.Based on the rock shear failure criterion in combination with the lateral rolling width,a model for predicting the average side force was set up.Besides,a numerical analysis model of the rock fragmentation of the center cutter was established,and the instantaneous load changing features were investigated.Results shows that the inner side of the center cutter can form lateral rolling annulus in rock during the rotary cutting process.The smaller the installation radius is,the greater the cutter side force will be.In a working condition,the side force of the innermost center cutter is 11.66 k N,while it decreases sharply when installation radius increases.Variation tends to be gentle when installation radius is larger than 500 mm,and the side force of the outermost center cutter is reduced to 0.74 k N.
基金Projects(51308363,11327801)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013-1792-9-4)supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese ScholarsProject(YJ201307)supported by the Start-up Research Fund for Introduced Talents of Sichuan University,China
文摘Fatigue is usually the cause for the cracks identified at bridge elements in service. With an increase in the introduction of corrugated steel web girders in recent highway bridge construction, the understanding of the fatigue behaviour of welded details in such structures becomes an important issue for the design. The typical welded details were represented as welded joints assembled by longitudinal corrugated plates. All the experiments were performed under fatigue loading using a servo-control testing machine. The test results from the failure mode observation with the aid of infrared thermo-graph technology show that the failure manner of these welded joints is comparable to that of the corrugated steel web beams reported previously. It is indicated from the stiffness degradation analysis that the welded joints with larger corrugation angle have higher stiffness and greater stiffness degradation in the notable stiffness degradation range. It is shown from the test S-N relations based on the free regression and forced regression analyses that there is a good linear dependence between lg(N) and lg(ΔS). It is also demonstrated that the proposed fracture mechanics analytical model is able to give a prediction slightly lower but on the safe side for the mean stresses at 2 million cycles of the test welded joints.
基金Project(14JJ4003) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2013M531812) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation+1 种基金Project supported by the Postdoctoral Foundation of Central South UniversityProject(14JJ4003) Project(2013SCEEKL001) supported by Foundation of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Characteristics and Engineering Environment,China
文摘Cave roofs are used to support pile foundation in many engineering projects. Accurate stability analysis method of cave roof under pile tip is important in order to ensure the safety of the pile foundation structure. Firstly the mechanical model to analysis the stability of cave roof under pile tip is founded aiming to solve the problems that the simplified mechanical model has. Secondly, the boundary of cave roof is simply supposed to be supported according to the integrity of the rock mass in the boundary of cave roof. Thirdly, based on the theory of plates and shells, the simplified model is calculated and the theoretical calculation formula to determine the safe thickness of cave roof under pile tip can be obtained when the edges of the cave roof are simply supported. In the end, the analysis of the practical engineering project proves the feasibility and the rationality of the method which can be a new method to calculate the safe thickness of cave roof under pile tip.
基金Project(2007CB613601) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘A comprehensive thermodynamic model, which combined the Helgeson Kirkham-Flowers （HKF） equation of state for standard-state thermodynamic properties of all species with realistic activity coefficient model developed by BROMLEY, was used to calculate the thermodynamic equilibrium, and a graphical method was developed to construct predominance existence diagrams （PED） for copper-ammonia-chloride in the presence of realistically modeled aqueous solutions. The existence of the different predominant chemical species for Cu（lI） predicted by the diagrams was corroborated by spectrophotometrical studies and X-ray diffractometry. The simulated and experimental results indicate that the predominance of a given species in solution strongly depends on the pH value in this system. More quantitative information on real copper hydrometallurgy in the presence of ammonia and chloride can be obtained from these diagrams compared with the conventional predominance existence diagrams.
基金Work supported by the Second Stage of the Brain Korea 21 Projects
文摘The effects of geometry on mechanical properties in woven fabric composites were explored. Two types of composites, including one-layered and two-layered composites, were designed and studied. For one-layered composites, inter-strand gap effects on the mechanical properties were studied, while three cases of geometries with inter-strand gaps in two-layered composites were evaluated. A woven fiber micromechanics analytical model called MESOTEX was employed for theoretical simulation. The predicted results show that the inter-strand gap and simple variation of the strand positions in a repeating unit cell significantly affect the mechanical properties of woven fabric composites.
基金Project(51278216) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20091341) supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(HF-08-01-2011-240) supported by the Graduates’ Innovation Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,China
文摘To overcome the deficiencies of conventional geosynthetic-reinforced and pile-supported (GRPS) embankment, a new improvement technique, fixed geosynthetic technique of GRPS embankment (FGT embankment), was developed and introduced. Based on the discussion about the load transfer mechanism of FGT embankment, a simplified check method of the requirement of geosynthetic tensile strength and a mechanical model of the FGT embankment were proposed. Two conditions, the pile cap and pile beam conditions are considered in the mechanical model. The finite difference method is used to solve the mechanical model owing to the complexity of the differential equations and the soil strata. Then, the numerical procedure is programmed. Finally, a field test is conducted to verify the mechanical model and the calculated results are in good agreement with field measured data.
基金Project(51178333)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(SLDRCE09-D-03)supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘A method is developed to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of composite shear walls with double steel plates and filled concrete with binding bars(SCBs). Nonlinear finite element models of SCBs were established by using the finite element tool, Abaqus. Tie constraints were used to connect the binding bars and the steel plates. Surface-to-surface contact provided by the Abaqus was used to simulate the interaction between the steel plate and the core concrete. The established models could predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of SCBs with a reasonable degree of accuracy. A calculation method was developed by superposition principle to predict the lateral load-carrying capacity of SCBs for the engineering application. The concrete confined by steel plates and binding bars is under multi-axial compression; therefore, its shear strength was calculated by using the Guo-Wang concrete failure criterion. The shear strength of the steel plates of SCBs was calculated by using the von Mises yielding criterion without considering buckling. Results of the developed method are in good agreement with the testing and finite element results.
基金Projects(50175031, 50565001) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China project (2003203) supported by the New Century Ten Hundred and Thousand Talent Project Special Foundation of Guangxi+1 种基金 project(0542005) supported by Guangxi Science Foundation project(205119) supported by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education
文摘A four-bar linkage mechanism with links fabricated from symmetric laminates was studied. The mass matrix of the beam dement was obtained in light of the mass distribution characteristics of composite materials. The stiffness matrix of the beam element was derived from the constitutive equations of each layer and the relationship between the strain distribution and the node displacement of the beam element. The specific damping capacity of the beam element was analyzed according to the strain distribution of the beam element and the strain energy dissipation caused by vibration in each direction of each layer; and the damping coefficients were obtained according to the principle that the total energy dissipation of the beam element was equal to the work done by the equivalent damping force during a cycle of vibration, from which the damping matrix of the dynamic equations was obtained. Using the finite element method, the dynamic analytic model of the mechanism was obtained. The dynamic responses and natural frequency of the mechanism were obtained by simulation, respectively, and those of the simulation obtained by the proposed model were analyzed and compared with the results obtained by the conventional model. The work provides theoretical basis to a certain extent for the further research on nonlinear vibration characteristics and optimum design of this kind of mechanism.
基金Project(2008AA09Z201)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘The armored cable used in a deep-sea remotely operated vehicle(ROV) may undergo large displacement motion when subjected to dynamic actions of ship heave motion and ocean current. A novel geometrically exact finite element model for two-dimensional dynamic analysis of armored cable is presented. This model accounts for the geometric nonlinearities of large displacement of the armored cable, and effects of axial load and bending stiffness. The governing equations are derived by consistent linearization and finite element discretization of the total weak form of the armored cable system, and solved by the Newmark time integration method. To make the solution procedure avoid falling into the local extreme points, a simple adaptive stepping strategy is proposed. The presented model is validated via actual measured data. Results for dynamic configurations, motion and tension of both ends of the armored cable, and resonance-zone are presented for two numerical cases, including the dynamic analysis under the case of only ship heave motion and the case of joint action of ship heave motion and ocean current. The dynamics analysis can provide important reference for the design or product selection of the armored cable in a deep-sea ROV system so as to improve the safety of its marine operation under the sea state of 4 or above.
基金Project(2010CB732101) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51079145) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-migratory model of dual-porosity medium for saturated-unsaturated ubiquitous-joint rockmass was established,in which the stress field and the temperature field were single,but the seepage field and the concentration field were double,and the influences of sets,spaces,angles,continuity ratios,stiffnesses of fractures on the constitutive relationship of the medium were considered.Also,the relative two-dimensional program of finite element method was developed.Taking a hypothetical nuclear waste repository as a calculation example,the case in which the rockmass was unsaturated dual-porosity medium and radioactive nuclide leak was simulated numerically,and the temperatures,negative pore pressures,saturations,flow velocities,nuclide concentrations and principal stresses in the rockmass were investigated.The results show that the negative pore pressures and nuclide concentrations in the porosity and fracture present different changes and distributions.Even though the saturation degree in porosity is only about 1/10 that in fracture,the flow velocity of underground water in fracture is about three times that in porosity because the permeability coefficient of fracture is almost four orders higher than that of porosity.The value of nuclide concentration in fracture is close to that in porosity.
基金Project(60632010) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The systematical and scalable frameworks were provided for estimating the blocking probabilities under asynchronous traffic in optical burst switching(OBS) nodes with limited wavelength conversion capability(LWCC) . The relevant system architectures of limited range and limited number of wavelength converters(WCs) deployed by a share-per-fiber(SPF) mode were developed,and the novel theoretical analysis of node blocking probability was derived by combining the calculation of discouraged arrival rate in a birth-death process and two-dimensional Markov chain model of SPF. The simulation results on single node performance verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the analysis models. Under most scenarios,it is difficult to distinguish the plots generated by the analysis and simulation. As the conversion degree increases,the accuracy of the analysis model worsens slightly. However,the utmost error on burst loss probability is far less than one order of magnitude and hence,still allows for an accurate estimate. Some results are of actual significance to the construction of next-generation commercial OBS backbones.
基金Projects(51375032,51175017,51245027)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to describe and control the stress distribution and total deformation of bladed disk assemblies used in the aeroengine, a highly efficient and precise method of probabilistic analysis which is called extremum response surface method(ERSM) is produced based on the previous deterministic analysis results with the finite element model(FEM). In this work, many key nonlinear factors, such as the dynamic feature of the temperature load, the centrifugal force and the boundary conditions, are taken into consideration for the model. The changing patterns with time of bladed disk assemblies about stress distribution and total deformation are obtained during the deterministic analysis, and at the same time, the largest deformation and stress nodes of bladed disk assemblies are found and taken as input target of probabilistic analysis in a scientific and reasonable way. Not only their reliability, historical sample, extreme response surface(ERS) and the cumulative probability distribution function but also their sensitivity and effect probability are obtained. Main factors affecting stress distribution and total deformation of bladed disk assemblies are investigated through the sensitivity analysis of the model. Finally, compared with the response surface method(RSM) and the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS), the results show that this new approach is effective.
文摘Decreasing in emissions of greenhouse gases to confront the global warming needs to replace fossil fuels as the main doer of the world climate changes by renewable and clean fuels produced from biomass like wood waste which is neutral on the amount of CO2. An analytical and engineering model for pyrolysis process of a single biomass particle has been presented. Using a two-stage semi global kinetic model which includes both primary and secondary reactions, the effects of parameters like shape and size of particle as well as porosity on the particle temperature profile and product yields have been investigated. Comparison of the obtained results with experimental data shows that our results are in a reasonable agreement with previous researchers' works. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is done to determine the importance of each parameter on pyrolysis of a single biomass particle which is affected by many constant parameters.
