Isopiestic molalities, vapor pressures and osmotic coefficients of aqueous Li 2B 4O 7 solutions from 0.027 5 to 2.939 7 mol/kg were determined at 298.15 K by using an improved apparatus. The rule of the changes in vap...Isopiestic molalities, vapor pressures and osmotic coefficients of aqueous Li 2B 4O 7 solutions from 0.027 5 to 2.939 7 mol/kg were determined at 298.15 K by using an improved apparatus. The rule of the changes in vapor pressure over aqueous Li 2B 4O 7 solutions was revealed, which indicated that the bond of borate anions with water are better than that of NaCl. The different formation reaction equilibria for the species containing boron of boric acid and borate anions B(OH) - 4, B 3O 3(OH) - 4 and B 4O 5(OH) 2- 4 in Li 2B 4O 7(aq) solutions were taken into account. The stoichiometric equilibrium constants for the formation reactions of the boron species and the ion-interaction parameters were estimated simultaneously by using Pitzer equations of osmotic coefficient with minor modifications. Sixteen parameters were obtained with a standard deviation 0.005 5 for the ion-interaction model.展开更多
作为地球磁层中一种分布广泛的电磁波,电磁离子回旋波(Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves,简称EMIC波)是地球辐射带相对论电子的重要损失机制.EMIC波通常呈现H+、He+和O+三种不同频段,不同频段对相对论电子的散射效应和损失时间尺度...作为地球磁层中一种分布广泛的电磁波,电磁离子回旋波(Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves,简称EMIC波)是地球辐射带相对论电子的重要损失机制.EMIC波通常呈现H+、He+和O+三种不同频段,不同频段对相对论电子的散射效应和损失时间尺度大不相同.准线性理论是定量分析不同频段EMIC波对地球辐射带相对论电子散射效应的重要工具,我们利用基于准线性理论开发的Full Diffusion Code(FDC),分别计算了H^(+)、He^(+)、O^(+)三种频段EMIC波在不同空间范围、背景等离子体条件以及不同传播角模型下对辐射带相对论电子的弹跳平均投掷角散射系数,建立了L=1.5~7,背景等离子体参数α*(=f_(pe)/f_(ce))=6~30范围内的多频段EMIC波电子散射系数矩阵库.进而,我们计算了辐射带相对论电子在不同频段EMIC波散射作用下的损失时间尺度,获得了在不同磁层条件下EMIC波损失沉降相对论电子的定量信息.这些结果对于提升地球辐射带动力学过程建模水平、开展辐射带空间天气预报具有重要价值.展开更多
文摘Isopiestic molalities, vapor pressures and osmotic coefficients of aqueous Li 2B 4O 7 solutions from 0.027 5 to 2.939 7 mol/kg were determined at 298.15 K by using an improved apparatus. The rule of the changes in vapor pressure over aqueous Li 2B 4O 7 solutions was revealed, which indicated that the bond of borate anions with water are better than that of NaCl. The different formation reaction equilibria for the species containing boron of boric acid and borate anions B(OH) - 4, B 3O 3(OH) - 4 and B 4O 5(OH) 2- 4 in Li 2B 4O 7(aq) solutions were taken into account. The stoichiometric equilibrium constants for the formation reactions of the boron species and the ion-interaction parameters were estimated simultaneously by using Pitzer equations of osmotic coefficient with minor modifications. Sixteen parameters were obtained with a standard deviation 0.005 5 for the ion-interaction model.
