随着第四次工业革命的兴起,将涌现越来越多的新标准和标准必要专利,这使得标准必要专利公平合理无歧视(fair,reasonable and non-discriminatory,FRAND)许可的问题变得更为复杂。值得探讨的是,作为标准的接受者而非制定者的主要亚洲经...随着第四次工业革命的兴起,将涌现越来越多的新标准和标准必要专利,这使得标准必要专利公平合理无歧视(fair,reasonable and non-discriminatory,FRAND)许可的问题变得更为复杂。值得探讨的是,作为标准的接受者而非制定者的主要亚洲经济体的FRAND许可标准有无趋于一致或歧异之处?一些跨国经营、从事专利许可的企业集团对中国竞争法主管机关所作的承诺可否延伸至亚洲之外具有约束力?如何消解不同法律标准之间的冲突?基于以下的原因,主张至少在亚洲地区须确立对标准必要专利的FRAND许可的事前监管机制:已经有巨大的市场失灵、标准必要专利相当于垄断或联合垄断、事实标准超越法律标准、私主体的标准制订组织取代国家职能;并提出专利法和竞争法的改革建议,主张不同法律标准的冲突不应通过一套标准来解决,应经由同理心思考和国家间对各自选择的相互尊重来解决;最后以破除知识产权法与竞争法交叉领域中一些似是而非的论述作结。展开更多
The utilization of pretrial detention,which constrains and expropriates the human rights of citizens,should be of legitimacy. That is to say,the implementation of pretrial detention must follow the standards of legiti...The utilization of pretrial detention,which constrains and expropriates the human rights of citizens,should be of legitimacy. That is to say,the implementation of pretrial detention must follow the standards of legitimacy and legal procedures. To guarantee the legitimacy,the process of pretrial detention should stick to three principles,the presumption of innocence,judicial inspection and proportion. The legitimacy benefits constructing the system of detention,preventing the alienation of pretrial detention,saving the judicial resources,perfecting the litigation structure,and improving non-costidal measures. Aiming at the deficiency of the legitimacy of pretrial detention in present China,there are necessities of promoting the constitution awareness of protection of human rights in criminal process,of constructing factual standard systems of legitimacy,and of perfecting the due procedural mechanism of pretrial detention.展开更多
文摘随着第四次工业革命的兴起,将涌现越来越多的新标准和标准必要专利,这使得标准必要专利公平合理无歧视(fair,reasonable and non-discriminatory,FRAND)许可的问题变得更为复杂。值得探讨的是,作为标准的接受者而非制定者的主要亚洲经济体的FRAND许可标准有无趋于一致或歧异之处?一些跨国经营、从事专利许可的企业集团对中国竞争法主管机关所作的承诺可否延伸至亚洲之外具有约束力?如何消解不同法律标准之间的冲突?基于以下的原因,主张至少在亚洲地区须确立对标准必要专利的FRAND许可的事前监管机制:已经有巨大的市场失灵、标准必要专利相当于垄断或联合垄断、事实标准超越法律标准、私主体的标准制订组织取代国家职能;并提出专利法和竞争法的改革建议,主张不同法律标准的冲突不应通过一套标准来解决,应经由同理心思考和国家间对各自选择的相互尊重来解决;最后以破除知识产权法与竞争法交叉领域中一些似是而非的论述作结。
文摘The utilization of pretrial detention,which constrains and expropriates the human rights of citizens,should be of legitimacy. That is to say,the implementation of pretrial detention must follow the standards of legitimacy and legal procedures. To guarantee the legitimacy,the process of pretrial detention should stick to three principles,the presumption of innocence,judicial inspection and proportion. The legitimacy benefits constructing the system of detention,preventing the alienation of pretrial detention,saving the judicial resources,perfecting the litigation structure,and improving non-costidal measures. Aiming at the deficiency of the legitimacy of pretrial detention in present China,there are necessities of promoting the constitution awareness of protection of human rights in criminal process,of constructing factual standard systems of legitimacy,and of perfecting the due procedural mechanism of pretrial detention.
