利用2004—2010年中国西北四省(区)强对流天气过程高空、地面实况资料,以及近15年西北区强对流研究主要成果,按照强对流天气产生的基本动力学原理,根据其主导因素的不同,将西北区强对流天气基本形势配置分为高空冷平流强迫、低层暖平流...利用2004—2010年中国西北四省(区)强对流天气过程高空、地面实况资料,以及近15年西北区强对流研究主要成果,按照强对流天气产生的基本动力学原理,根据其主导因素的不同,将西北区强对流天气基本形势配置分为高空冷平流强迫、低层暖平流强迫、斜压锋生等3类。分析3类基本配置天气尺度环境场显著特征,以及这些特征在中尺度强对流系统发展过程中所起的作用,总结各类配置之间的主要差异及其与中国其他区域的差异。结果表明,高空冷平流强迫类,冷平流可从300 h Pa向下延伸至对流层低层,而850 h Pa则多表现为弱的暖平流。与中国中东部相比,对流层中下层温度递减率更大,层结不稳定在午后会有强烈发展,LFC更高。区域性强对流天气与大范围降水后地面增湿或低层暖湿气流北上有关;局地强对流天气与复杂小地形对应地面抬升和水汽分布不均匀有关。低层暖平流强迫类强对流天气,中低层暖平流占主导作用,湿层可从地面向上延伸到500 h Pa附近,LFC高度明显偏低,温度垂直递减率小于冷平流强迫类。斜压锋生类强对流天气的显著特点是中低层冷暖空气强烈交汇,并伴有明显温度锋区和锋生。水汽条件好于冷平流强迫类,垂直风切变明显高于前两类。展开更多
基于SHAW(Simultaneous Heat and Water)模型,以基本观测要素、植被参数和土壤剖面水热观测数据为模型的输入,对河岸胡杨林的耗水过程、土壤剖面水分变化和能通量进行了较小时间尺度上的模拟研究。结果表明,采用SHAW模型模拟的胡杨耗水...基于SHAW(Simultaneous Heat and Water)模型,以基本观测要素、植被参数和土壤剖面水热观测数据为模型的输入,对河岸胡杨林的耗水过程、土壤剖面水分变化和能通量进行了较小时间尺度上的模拟研究。结果表明,采用SHAW模型模拟的胡杨耗水量与观测值间存在较大偏差。因此,为了进一步提升水热耦合SHAW模型在干旱区的实用性,引入了地下水位因子GSI(Groundwater-Soil water Interaction),建立了改进的SHAW(GSI-SHAW)模型,解决干旱区荒漠河岸林耗水过程模拟的方法问题。采用SHAW模型和GSI-SHAW模型对胡杨耗水量的模拟进行了对比研究。结果显示,SHAW模型和GSI-SHAW模型模拟的胡杨耗水量与观测值的相关性系数分别为0.853 3、0.907 5,其平均相对误差分别为21.4%、16.9%,可见,改进的SHAW模型的模拟值更加接近试验观测值。地下水位的考虑一定程度上提升了传统SHAW模型的模拟精度,为干旱区自然植被耗水量的计算提供了新的方法和科学依据。展开更多
A series of marine natural gas fields were recently discovered in oolitic dolomites of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwest China. The mechanism forming these reservoir dolom...A series of marine natural gas fields were recently discovered in oolitic dolomites of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwest China. The mechanism forming these reservoir dolomites is debatable, limiting the ability to characterize these reservoir successfully. Based on the investigation of the representative Dukouhe, Luojiazhai, and Puguang areas, this issue was addressed by examining the distribution, petrology, and geochemistry of the dolomites, the most comprehensive study to date was provided. Dolomitization occurred at a very early stage of diagenesis, as shown by the petrological features of the rock fabric. Vadose silt, which is composed primarily of dolomitic clasts, is found in the primary and secondary pores of the oolitic dolomite. This indicates that the overlying strata were subjected to dolomitization when the Feixianguan formation was located in the vadose zone. Therefore, it may be inferred that the dolomitization which occurred before the formation was exposed to meteoric conditions. The spatial distribution and geochemical characteristics of the dolomite indicate that dolomitization occurred as a result of seepage reflux. The degree of dolomitization decreases with increasing distance from the evaporative lagoon. Furthermore, the type and porosity of the dolomite vary in different zones of the upward-shoaling sequence, with the porosity gradually decreasing from the highest layer to the lowest layer. This reflects a close relationship between dolomitization and seawater evaporation during the formation of the dolomite. Geochemical analysis provided further evidence for the relationship between the dolomitization fluid and the coeval seawater. The 87Sr/86Sr and 813C isotopes, as well as the abundances of trace elements, Fe and Mn, indicate that seawater concentrated by evaporation acted as the dolomitization fluid. These results also show that dolomitization most likely occurred in a semi-closed diagenetic environment. Therefore, the main mechanism of oolitic dolomite formation is seepage reflux, which occurred at an early stage of diagenesis.展开更多
文摘利用2004—2010年中国西北四省(区)强对流天气过程高空、地面实况资料,以及近15年西北区强对流研究主要成果,按照强对流天气产生的基本动力学原理,根据其主导因素的不同,将西北区强对流天气基本形势配置分为高空冷平流强迫、低层暖平流强迫、斜压锋生等3类。分析3类基本配置天气尺度环境场显著特征,以及这些特征在中尺度强对流系统发展过程中所起的作用,总结各类配置之间的主要差异及其与中国其他区域的差异。结果表明,高空冷平流强迫类,冷平流可从300 h Pa向下延伸至对流层低层,而850 h Pa则多表现为弱的暖平流。与中国中东部相比,对流层中下层温度递减率更大,层结不稳定在午后会有强烈发展,LFC更高。区域性强对流天气与大范围降水后地面增湿或低层暖湿气流北上有关;局地强对流天气与复杂小地形对应地面抬升和水汽分布不均匀有关。低层暖平流强迫类强对流天气,中低层暖平流占主导作用,湿层可从地面向上延伸到500 h Pa附近,LFC高度明显偏低,温度垂直递减率小于冷平流强迫类。斜压锋生类强对流天气的显著特点是中低层冷暖空气强烈交汇,并伴有明显温度锋区和锋生。水汽条件好于冷平流强迫类,垂直风切变明显高于前两类。
文摘基于SHAW(Simultaneous Heat and Water)模型,以基本观测要素、植被参数和土壤剖面水热观测数据为模型的输入,对河岸胡杨林的耗水过程、土壤剖面水分变化和能通量进行了较小时间尺度上的模拟研究。结果表明,采用SHAW模型模拟的胡杨耗水量与观测值间存在较大偏差。因此,为了进一步提升水热耦合SHAW模型在干旱区的实用性,引入了地下水位因子GSI(Groundwater-Soil water Interaction),建立了改进的SHAW(GSI-SHAW)模型,解决干旱区荒漠河岸林耗水过程模拟的方法问题。采用SHAW模型和GSI-SHAW模型对胡杨耗水量的模拟进行了对比研究。结果显示,SHAW模型和GSI-SHAW模型模拟的胡杨耗水量与观测值的相关性系数分别为0.853 3、0.907 5,其平均相对误差分别为21.4%、16.9%,可见,改进的SHAW模型的模拟值更加接近试验观测值。地下水位的考虑一定程度上提升了传统SHAW模型的模拟精度,为干旱区自然植被耗水量的计算提供了新的方法和科学依据。
基金Project(2012CB214803)supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program,ChinaProject(2011ZX5017-001-HZO2)supported by the National Science & Technology Special Project,China+1 种基金Project(2011D-5006-0105)supported by the PetroChina Research Fund,ChinaProject(SZD0414)supported by the Key Subject Construction Project of Sichuan Province,China
文摘A series of marine natural gas fields were recently discovered in oolitic dolomites of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwest China. The mechanism forming these reservoir dolomites is debatable, limiting the ability to characterize these reservoir successfully. Based on the investigation of the representative Dukouhe, Luojiazhai, and Puguang areas, this issue was addressed by examining the distribution, petrology, and geochemistry of the dolomites, the most comprehensive study to date was provided. Dolomitization occurred at a very early stage of diagenesis, as shown by the petrological features of the rock fabric. Vadose silt, which is composed primarily of dolomitic clasts, is found in the primary and secondary pores of the oolitic dolomite. This indicates that the overlying strata were subjected to dolomitization when the Feixianguan formation was located in the vadose zone. Therefore, it may be inferred that the dolomitization which occurred before the formation was exposed to meteoric conditions. The spatial distribution and geochemical characteristics of the dolomite indicate that dolomitization occurred as a result of seepage reflux. The degree of dolomitization decreases with increasing distance from the evaporative lagoon. Furthermore, the type and porosity of the dolomite vary in different zones of the upward-shoaling sequence, with the porosity gradually decreasing from the highest layer to the lowest layer. This reflects a close relationship between dolomitization and seawater evaporation during the formation of the dolomite. Geochemical analysis provided further evidence for the relationship between the dolomitization fluid and the coeval seawater. The 87Sr/86Sr and 813C isotopes, as well as the abundances of trace elements, Fe and Mn, indicate that seawater concentrated by evaporation acted as the dolomitization fluid. These results also show that dolomitization most likely occurred in a semi-closed diagenetic environment. Therefore, the main mechanism of oolitic dolomite formation is seepage reflux, which occurred at an early stage of diagenesis.
