Cationic Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α ,ω- bis(dimethyl dodecylammonium bromide) have been synthesized by the following method: firstly dodecyl bromide was prepared by the reaction of dodecanol with bromic acid i...Cationic Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α ,ω- bis(dimethyl dodecylammonium bromide) have been synthesized by the following method: firstly dodecyl bromide was prepared by the reaction of dodecanol with bromic acid in the presence of strong sulfuric acid. Dodecylbromide was then reacted with N,N- tetramethyl ethane diamine(or N,N- tetramethyl hexana diamine) to prepare the title- compounds. Micellization of these Gemini surfactants was investigated using conductivity measurement. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc) of the Gemini surfactants has a much lower value compared with that of the corresponding " monomer" . For a series of the Geminis with the same length(s) in the spacer chain, the cmc decreased with increasing the carbon number (m) in the alkyl chain. The aggregation number(N) of the micelle also drastically decreased with m. For the same value of m, the cmc varied slightly with s, which indicated that the electrostatic interaction between the ionic- groups of the " monomer" has been naturally changed duo to a link between the two ionic- groups of the " monomer" through a spacer. However, N was strongly decreased with s,which may be a reason of steric inhibition coming from the ionic- groups due to a link of spacer. With increasing temperature, micellization of the Gemini surfactants was slightly enhanced.展开更多
In a thin HCl medium,RRS intensities of an alone CS or acidic triphenylmethane dye (TPMD) are very week. However,when TPMD reacts with a CS to form an ion-associate,the RRS intensity is enhanced greatly and a new RRS ...In a thin HCl medium,RRS intensities of an alone CS or acidic triphenylmethane dye (TPMD) are very week. However,when TPMD reacts with a CS to form an ion-associate,the RRS intensity is enhanced greatly and a new RRS spectrum appears. The spectral characteristics of the RRS for the ion-associates and the optimum conditions for the reactions are investigated. The intensity of RRS is directly proportional to the mass concentration of CS in the range of 0—3.5 or 0—5.0 μg/mL. The method has a high sensitivity for the determination of CS,their detection limits are between 3.1 and 9.8 ng/mL depending on the different CS. In this case,most metal and non-metal ions do not interfere,so that the method has a good selectivity. Therefore,a sensitive,selective,simple and rapid method for the determination of CS by RRS is developed. [WT5HZ]展开更多
为了降低对煤储层的伤害,合成了一种双生阳离子表面活性剂和破胶剂,并优化形成了可控破胶的双生阳离子表面活性剂压裂液体系。研究结果表明：该表面活性剂链长度为传统单链表面活性剂长度的2倍,应用浓度与传统表面活性剂相比降低50%以...为了降低对煤储层的伤害,合成了一种双生阳离子表面活性剂和破胶剂,并优化形成了可控破胶的双生阳离子表面活性剂压裂液体系。研究结果表明：该表面活性剂链长度为传统单链表面活性剂长度的2倍,应用浓度与传统表面活性剂相比降低50%以上。该体系实现了低温下可控破胶,温度30℃下在2-8 h之内破胶液黏度达到3 m Pa·s,解决了表面活性剂压裂液破胶时间不可控制的难题。双生阳离子表面活性剂压裂液体系具有使用浓度低、造缝能力强、对煤储层伤害小（伤害率小于20%）、成本低、环境友好、可控破胶等特点,是适用于煤层气改造的压裂液体系,现场应用于65口井,均取得了较好的效果。展开更多
文摘Cationic Gemini surfactants, alkanediyl-α ,ω- bis(dimethyl dodecylammonium bromide) have been synthesized by the following method: firstly dodecyl bromide was prepared by the reaction of dodecanol with bromic acid in the presence of strong sulfuric acid. Dodecylbromide was then reacted with N,N- tetramethyl ethane diamine(or N,N- tetramethyl hexana diamine) to prepare the title- compounds. Micellization of these Gemini surfactants was investigated using conductivity measurement. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration(cmc) of the Gemini surfactants has a much lower value compared with that of the corresponding " monomer" . For a series of the Geminis with the same length(s) in the spacer chain, the cmc decreased with increasing the carbon number (m) in the alkyl chain. The aggregation number(N) of the micelle also drastically decreased with m. For the same value of m, the cmc varied slightly with s, which indicated that the electrostatic interaction between the ionic- groups of the " monomer" has been naturally changed duo to a link between the two ionic- groups of the " monomer" through a spacer. However, N was strongly decreased with s,which may be a reason of steric inhibition coming from the ionic- groups due to a link of spacer. With increasing temperature, micellization of the Gemini surfactants was slightly enhanced.
文摘In a thin HCl medium,RRS intensities of an alone CS or acidic triphenylmethane dye (TPMD) are very week. However,when TPMD reacts with a CS to form an ion-associate,the RRS intensity is enhanced greatly and a new RRS spectrum appears. The spectral characteristics of the RRS for the ion-associates and the optimum conditions for the reactions are investigated. The intensity of RRS is directly proportional to the mass concentration of CS in the range of 0—3.5 or 0—5.0 μg/mL. The method has a high sensitivity for the determination of CS,their detection limits are between 3.1 and 9.8 ng/mL depending on the different CS. In this case,most metal and non-metal ions do not interfere,so that the method has a good selectivity. Therefore,a sensitive,selective,simple and rapid method for the determination of CS by RRS is developed. [WT5HZ]
文摘为了降低对煤储层的伤害,合成了一种双生阳离子表面活性剂和破胶剂,并优化形成了可控破胶的双生阳离子表面活性剂压裂液体系。研究结果表明：该表面活性剂链长度为传统单链表面活性剂长度的2倍,应用浓度与传统表面活性剂相比降低50%以上。该体系实现了低温下可控破胶,温度30℃下在2-8 h之内破胶液黏度达到3 m Pa·s,解决了表面活性剂压裂液破胶时间不可控制的难题。双生阳离子表面活性剂压裂液体系具有使用浓度低、造缝能力强、对煤储层伤害小（伤害率小于20%）、成本低、环境友好、可控破胶等特点,是适用于煤层气改造的压裂液体系,现场应用于65口井,均取得了较好的效果。
