The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious int...The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious interfacial instability,which is a big challenge for design and application of nonflammable GPEs.Here,a nonflammable GPE(SGPE)is developed by in situ polymerizing trifluoroethyl methacrylate(TFMA)monomers with flame-retardant triethyl phosphate(TEP)solvents and LiTFSI–LiDFOB dual lithium salts.TEP is strongly anchored to PTFMA matrix via polarity interaction between-P=O and-CH_(2)CF_(3).It reduces free TEP molecules,which obviously mitigates interfacial reactions,and enhances flame-retardant performance of TEP surprisingly.Anchored TEP molecules are also inhibited in solvation of Li^(+),leading to anion-dominated solvation sheath,which creates inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface layers.Such coordination structure changes Li^(+)transport from sluggish vehicular to fast structural transport,raising ionic conductivity to 1.03 mS cm^(-1) and transfer number to 0.41 at 30℃.The Li|SGPE|Li cell presents highly reversible Li stripping/plating performance for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2),and 4.2 V LiCoO_(2)|SGPE|Li battery delivers high average specific capacity>120 mAh g^(−1) over 200 cycles.This study paves a new way to make nonflammable GPE that is compatible with Li metal anode.展开更多
Regulation the electronic density of solid-state electrolyte by donor–acceptor(D–A)system can achieve highly-selective Li^(+)transportation and conduction in solid-state Li metal batteries.This study reports a high-...Regulation the electronic density of solid-state electrolyte by donor–acceptor(D–A)system can achieve highly-selective Li^(+)transportation and conduction in solid-state Li metal batteries.This study reports a high-performance solid-state electrolyte thorough D–A-linked covalent organic frameworks(COFs)based on intramolecular charge transfer interactions.Unlike other reported COFbased solid-state electrolyte,the developed concept with D–A-linked COFs not only achieves electronic modulation to promote highly-selective Li^(+)migration and inhibit Li dendrite,but also offers a crucial opportunity to understand the role of electronic density in solid-state Li metal batteries.The introduced strong electronegativity F-based ligand in COF electrolyte results in highlyselective Li^(+)(transference number 0.83),high ionic conductivity(6.7×10^(-4)S cm^(−1)),excellent cyclic ability(1000 h)in Li metal symmetric cell and high-capacity retention in Li/LiFePO_(4)cell(90.8%for 300 cycles at 5C)than substituted C-and N-based ligands.This is ascribed to outstanding D–A interaction between donor porphyrin and acceptor F atoms,which effectively expedites electron transferring from porphyrin to F-based ligand and enhances Li^(+)kinetics.Consequently,we anticipate that this work creates insight into the strategy for accelerating Li^(+)conduction in high-performance solid-state Li metal batteries through D–A system.展开更多
Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–guest property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testifie...Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–guest property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testified in a practical battery.Herein,we design and fabricate a quasi-solid-state electrolyte(QSSE)based on a POC to enable the stable operation of Li-metal batteries(LMBs).Benefiting from the ordered channels and cavity-induced anion-trapping effect of POC,the resulting POC-based QSSE exhibits a high Li+transference number of 0.67 and a high ionic conductivity of 1.25×10^(−4) S cm^(−1) with a low activation energy of 0.17 eV.These allow for homogeneous Li deposition and highly reversible Li plating/stripping for over 2000 h.As a proof of concept,the LMB assembled with POC-based QSSE demonstrates extremely stable cycling performance with 85%capacity retention after 1000 cycles.Therefore,our work demonstrates the practical applicability of POC as SSEs for LMBs and could be extended to other energy-storage systems,such as Na and K batteries.展开更多
Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are increasingly recognized as promising cathode materials for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).However,they suffer from voltage decay and low initial ...Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are increasingly recognized as promising cathode materials for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).However,they suffer from voltage decay and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to severe structural degradation caused by irreversible O release.Herein,we introduce a three-in-one strategy of increasing Ni and Mn content,along with Li/Ni disordering and TM–O covalency regulation to boost cationic and anionic redox activity simultaneously and thus enhance the electrochemical activity of LLOs.The target material,Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.168)Mn_(0.558)Co_(0.074)O_(2)(L1),exhibits an improved ICE of 87.2%and specific capacity of 293.2 mA h g^(-1)and minimal voltage decay of less than 0.53 m V cycle-1over 300 cycles at 1C,compared to Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)Co_(0.13)O_(2)(Ls)(274.4 mA h g^(-1)for initial capacity,73.8%for ICE and voltage decay of 0.84 mV/cycle over 300 cycles at 1C).Theoretical calculations reveal that the density of states (DOS) area near the Fermi energy level for L1 is larger than that of Ls,indicating higher anionic and cationic redox reactivity than Ls.Moreover,L1 exhibits increased O-vacancy formation energy due to higher Li/Ni disordering of 4.76%(quantified by X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement) and enhanced TM–O covalency,making lattice O release more difficult and thus improving electrochemical stability.The increased Li/Ni disordering also leads to more Ni^(2+)presence in the Li layer,which acts as a pillar during Li+de-embedding,improving structural stability.This research not only presents a viable approach to designing low-Co LLOs with enhanced capacity and ICE but also contributes significantly to the fundamental understanding of structural regulation in high-performance LIB cathodes.展开更多
Metonymy is not only regarded as a figure of speech,but also an important cognitive instrument of human beings.There are many types of metonymies in Li Bai's poems.Metonymy can make the language vivid and reflect ...Metonymy is not only regarded as a figure of speech,but also an important cognitive instrument of human beings.There are many types of metonymies in Li Bai's poems.Metonymy can make the language vivid and reflect poet's mode of knowing and thinking about the world.This paper proposes five strategies for translation of metonymy in Li Bai's poems from the perspective of cognitive linguis tics.展开更多
Based on the poem Xiatian Hai Hen Yuan夏天还很远, one of the most characteristic works of the Chinese poet Bai Hua, along with its four English translations, this paper conducts comparative textual studies with regard...Based on the poem Xiatian Hai Hen Yuan夏天还很远, one of the most characteristic works of the Chinese poet Bai Hua, along with its four English translations, this paper conducts comparative textual studies with regard to three aspects, including the translation of hidden personae, the selection of the tense and aspectas well as the rendition of poetic rhythms. The author holds the view that, on the one hand, different textual interpretations have gone a long way toward the dissemination of the original poem in the English-speaking world;on the other hand, the translator's proper understanding and rendition is of great significance with a view to a better presentation of the unique beauty of Chinese poetry both in the content and the form.展开更多
Scarlett and Bai Liusu,the protagonists of American literary classic Gone with the Wind and Chinese modern literary work Love in a Fallen City,are two distinct women images in the history of world literature.Their fem...Scarlett and Bai Liusu,the protagonists of American literary classic Gone with the Wind and Chinese modern literary work Love in a Fallen City,are two distinct women images in the history of world literature.Their female consciousness can be discovered throughout both works.This paper attempts to make a comparative study between the two heroines,by analyzing their female consciousness which is primarily expressed in the pursuit of love,money and independence,as well as their personalities and destiny.The study discovers that although Scarlett and Bai Liusu experience similar awakening process,their endings are different.The democratic Western culture allows Scarlett to grow up into a rebellious new woman;by contrast,thousands of years of Chinese feudal society decide that Bai Liusu’s female consciousness is not thorough enough.展开更多
The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth.Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein...The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth.Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,we construct a lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))-implanted electroactiveβphase polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)crystalline polymorph layer(PHL).The electronegatively charged polymer chains attain lithium ions on the surface to form lithium-ion charged channels.These channels act as reservoirs to sustainably release Li ions to recompense the ionic flux of electrolytes,decreasing the growth of lithium dendrites.The stretched molecular channels can also accelerate the transport of Li ions.The combined effects enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.0%for 250 cycles in lithium(Li)||copper(Cu)cell and a stable symmetric plating/stripping behavior over 2000 h at 3 mA cm^(-2)with ultrahigh Li utilization of 50%.Furthermore,the full cell coupled with PHL-Cu@Li anode and Li Fe PO_(4) cathode exhibits long-term cycle stability with high-capacity retention of 95.9%after 900 cycles.Impressively,the full cell paired with LiNi_(0.87)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.03)O_(2)maintains a discharge capacity of 170.0 mAh g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 84.3%after 100 cycles even under harsh condition of ultralow N/P ratio of 0.83.This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO_(3)in ester-based electrolyte for practical high-voltage LMBs.展开更多
Current lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)rely on organic liquid electrolytes that pose significant risks due to their flammability and toxicity.The potential for environmental pollution and explosions resulting from battery...Current lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)rely on organic liquid electrolytes that pose significant risks due to their flammability and toxicity.The potential for environmental pollution and explosions resulting from battery damage or fracture is a critical concern.Water-based(aqueous)electrolytes have been receiving attention as an alternative to organic electrolytes.However,a narrow electrochemicalstability window,water decomposition,and the consequent low battery operating voltage and energy density hinder the practical use of aqueous electrolytes.Therefore,developing novel aqueous electrolytes for sustainable,safe,high-performance LIBs remains challenging.This Review first commences by summarizing the roles and requirements of electrolytes–separators and then delineates the progression of aqueous electrolytes for LIBs,encompassing aqueous liquid and gel electrolyte development trends along with detailed principles of the electrolytes.These aqueous electrolytes are progressed based on strategies using superconcentrated salts,concentrated diluents,polymer additives,polymer networks,and artificial passivation layers,which are used for suppressing water decomposition and widening the electrochemical stability window of water of the electrolytes.In addition,this Review discusses potential strategies for the implementation of aqueous Li-metal batteries with improved electrolyte–electrode interfaces.A comprehensive understanding of each strategy in the aqueous system will assist in the design of an aqueous electrolyte and the development of sustainable and safe high-performance batteries.展开更多
The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth seriously hinder the practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.To simultaneously address such issues,monodispers...The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth seriously hinder the practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.To simultaneously address such issues,monodispersed Nb N quantum dots anchored on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanorods(NbN@NHCR)are elaborately developed as efficient Li PSs immobilizer and Li stabilizer for high-performance Li-S full batteries.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that the sulfiphilic and lithiophilic NbN@NHCR hybrid can not only efficiently immobilize the soluble Li PSs and facilitate diffusion-conversion kinetics for alleviating the shuttling effect,but also homogenize the distribution of Li+ions and regulate uniform Li deposition for suppressing Li-dendrite growth.As a result,the assembled Li-S full batteries(NbN@NHCR-S||Nb N@NHCR-Li)deliver excellent long-term cycling stability with a low decay rate of 0.031%per cycle over 1000 cycles at high rate of 2 C.Even at a high S loading of 5.8 mg cm^(-2)and a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5.2μL mg^(-1),a large areal capacity of 6.2 mA h cm^(-2)can be achieved in Li-S pouch cell at 0.1 C.This study provides a new perspective via designing a dual-functional sulfiphilic and lithiophilic hybrid to address serious issues of the shuttle effect of S cathode and dendrite growth of Li anode.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172214,52272221,52171182)the Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.202102003)+2 种基金The Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2021ZLGX01)the Qilu Young Scholar ProgramHPC Cloud Platform of Shandong University are also thanked.
文摘The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious interfacial instability,which is a big challenge for design and application of nonflammable GPEs.Here,a nonflammable GPE(SGPE)is developed by in situ polymerizing trifluoroethyl methacrylate(TFMA)monomers with flame-retardant triethyl phosphate(TEP)solvents and LiTFSI–LiDFOB dual lithium salts.TEP is strongly anchored to PTFMA matrix via polarity interaction between-P=O and-CH_(2)CF_(3).It reduces free TEP molecules,which obviously mitigates interfacial reactions,and enhances flame-retardant performance of TEP surprisingly.Anchored TEP molecules are also inhibited in solvation of Li^(+),leading to anion-dominated solvation sheath,which creates inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface layers.Such coordination structure changes Li^(+)transport from sluggish vehicular to fast structural transport,raising ionic conductivity to 1.03 mS cm^(-1) and transfer number to 0.41 at 30℃.The Li|SGPE|Li cell presents highly reversible Li stripping/plating performance for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2),and 4.2 V LiCoO_(2)|SGPE|Li battery delivers high average specific capacity>120 mAh g^(−1) over 200 cycles.This study paves a new way to make nonflammable GPE that is compatible with Li metal anode.
基金financial support provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52303283,52372232,52064049)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan Province(202302AB080019-3)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(202301AS070040,202401AU070201)the Analysis and Measurements Center of Yunnan University for the sample testing servicethe Electron Microscope Center of Yunnan University for the support of this work.
文摘Regulation the electronic density of solid-state electrolyte by donor–acceptor(D–A)system can achieve highly-selective Li^(+)transportation and conduction in solid-state Li metal batteries.This study reports a high-performance solid-state electrolyte thorough D–A-linked covalent organic frameworks(COFs)based on intramolecular charge transfer interactions.Unlike other reported COFbased solid-state electrolyte,the developed concept with D–A-linked COFs not only achieves electronic modulation to promote highly-selective Li^(+)migration and inhibit Li dendrite,but also offers a crucial opportunity to understand the role of electronic density in solid-state Li metal batteries.The introduced strong electronegativity F-based ligand in COF electrolyte results in highlyselective Li^(+)(transference number 0.83),high ionic conductivity(6.7×10^(-4)S cm^(−1)),excellent cyclic ability(1000 h)in Li metal symmetric cell and high-capacity retention in Li/LiFePO_(4)cell(90.8%for 300 cycles at 5C)than substituted C-and N-based ligands.This is ascribed to outstanding D–A interaction between donor porphyrin and acceptor F atoms,which effectively expedites electron transferring from porphyrin to F-based ligand and enhances Li^(+)kinetics.Consequently,we anticipate that this work creates insight into the strategy for accelerating Li^(+)conduction in high-performance solid-state Li metal batteries through D–A system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92372123)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515012057,2022B1515020005,2023B1515130004)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.202201011342).
文摘Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–guest property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testified in a practical battery.Herein,we design and fabricate a quasi-solid-state electrolyte(QSSE)based on a POC to enable the stable operation of Li-metal batteries(LMBs).Benefiting from the ordered channels and cavity-induced anion-trapping effect of POC,the resulting POC-based QSSE exhibits a high Li+transference number of 0.67 and a high ionic conductivity of 1.25×10^(−4) S cm^(−1) with a low activation energy of 0.17 eV.These allow for homogeneous Li deposition and highly reversible Li plating/stripping for over 2000 h.As a proof of concept,the LMB assembled with POC-based QSSE demonstrates extremely stable cycling performance with 85%capacity retention after 1000 cycles.Therefore,our work demonstrates the practical applicability of POC as SSEs for LMBs and could be extended to other energy-storage systems,such as Na and K batteries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52202046)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No.2021JQ-034)。
文摘Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are increasingly recognized as promising cathode materials for nextgeneration high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).However,they suffer from voltage decay and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to severe structural degradation caused by irreversible O release.Herein,we introduce a three-in-one strategy of increasing Ni and Mn content,along with Li/Ni disordering and TM–O covalency regulation to boost cationic and anionic redox activity simultaneously and thus enhance the electrochemical activity of LLOs.The target material,Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.168)Mn_(0.558)Co_(0.074)O_(2)(L1),exhibits an improved ICE of 87.2%and specific capacity of 293.2 mA h g^(-1)and minimal voltage decay of less than 0.53 m V cycle-1over 300 cycles at 1C,compared to Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.13)Mn_(0.54)Co_(0.13)O_(2)(Ls)(274.4 mA h g^(-1)for initial capacity,73.8%for ICE and voltage decay of 0.84 mV/cycle over 300 cycles at 1C).Theoretical calculations reveal that the density of states (DOS) area near the Fermi energy level for L1 is larger than that of Ls,indicating higher anionic and cationic redox reactivity than Ls.Moreover,L1 exhibits increased O-vacancy formation energy due to higher Li/Ni disordering of 4.76%(quantified by X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement) and enhanced TM–O covalency,making lattice O release more difficult and thus improving electrochemical stability.The increased Li/Ni disordering also leads to more Ni^(2+)presence in the Li layer,which acts as a pillar during Li+de-embedding,improving structural stability.This research not only presents a viable approach to designing low-Co LLOs with enhanced capacity and ICE but also contributes significantly to the fundamental understanding of structural regulation in high-performance LIB cathodes.
文摘Metonymy is not only regarded as a figure of speech,but also an important cognitive instrument of human beings.There are many types of metonymies in Li Bai's poems.Metonymy can make the language vivid and reflect poet's mode of knowing and thinking about the world.This paper proposes five strategies for translation of metonymy in Li Bai's poems from the perspective of cognitive linguis tics.
文摘Based on the poem Xiatian Hai Hen Yuan夏天还很远, one of the most characteristic works of the Chinese poet Bai Hua, along with its four English translations, this paper conducts comparative textual studies with regard to three aspects, including the translation of hidden personae, the selection of the tense and aspectas well as the rendition of poetic rhythms. The author holds the view that, on the one hand, different textual interpretations have gone a long way toward the dissemination of the original poem in the English-speaking world;on the other hand, the translator's proper understanding and rendition is of great significance with a view to a better presentation of the unique beauty of Chinese poetry both in the content and the form.
文摘Scarlett and Bai Liusu,the protagonists of American literary classic Gone with the Wind and Chinese modern literary work Love in a Fallen City,are two distinct women images in the history of world literature.Their female consciousness can be discovered throughout both works.This paper attempts to make a comparative study between the two heroines,by analyzing their female consciousness which is primarily expressed in the pursuit of love,money and independence,as well as their personalities and destiny.The study discovers that although Scarlett and Bai Liusu experience similar awakening process,their endings are different.The democratic Western culture allows Scarlett to grow up into a rebellious new woman;by contrast,thousands of years of Chinese feudal society decide that Bai Liusu’s female consciousness is not thorough enough.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22205191 and 52002346)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3109)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2022JJ40446)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy Material(No.2020GXKLLCEM01)。
文摘The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth.Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,we construct a lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))-implanted electroactiveβphase polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)crystalline polymorph layer(PHL).The electronegatively charged polymer chains attain lithium ions on the surface to form lithium-ion charged channels.These channels act as reservoirs to sustainably release Li ions to recompense the ionic flux of electrolytes,decreasing the growth of lithium dendrites.The stretched molecular channels can also accelerate the transport of Li ions.The combined effects enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.0%for 250 cycles in lithium(Li)||copper(Cu)cell and a stable symmetric plating/stripping behavior over 2000 h at 3 mA cm^(-2)with ultrahigh Li utilization of 50%.Furthermore,the full cell coupled with PHL-Cu@Li anode and Li Fe PO_(4) cathode exhibits long-term cycle stability with high-capacity retention of 95.9%after 900 cycles.Impressively,the full cell paired with LiNi_(0.87)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.03)O_(2)maintains a discharge capacity of 170.0 mAh g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 84.3%after 100 cycles even under harsh condition of ultralow N/P ratio of 0.83.This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO_(3)in ester-based electrolyte for practical high-voltage LMBs.
基金the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea(No.2022R1A2B5B02002097),funded by the Korea government(MSIT).
文摘Current lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)rely on organic liquid electrolytes that pose significant risks due to their flammability and toxicity.The potential for environmental pollution and explosions resulting from battery damage or fracture is a critical concern.Water-based(aqueous)electrolytes have been receiving attention as an alternative to organic electrolytes.However,a narrow electrochemicalstability window,water decomposition,and the consequent low battery operating voltage and energy density hinder the practical use of aqueous electrolytes.Therefore,developing novel aqueous electrolytes for sustainable,safe,high-performance LIBs remains challenging.This Review first commences by summarizing the roles and requirements of electrolytes–separators and then delineates the progression of aqueous electrolytes for LIBs,encompassing aqueous liquid and gel electrolyte development trends along with detailed principles of the electrolytes.These aqueous electrolytes are progressed based on strategies using superconcentrated salts,concentrated diluents,polymer additives,polymer networks,and artificial passivation layers,which are used for suppressing water decomposition and widening the electrochemical stability window of water of the electrolytes.In addition,this Review discusses potential strategies for the implementation of aqueous Li-metal batteries with improved electrolyte–electrode interfaces.A comprehensive understanding of each strategy in the aqueous system will assist in the design of an aqueous electrolyte and the development of sustainable and safe high-performance batteries.
基金supported by the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory (2022SLABFN26)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21773024)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology program (2020YJ0324,2020YJ0262)the Reformation and Development Funds for Local Region Universities from China Government in 2020 (ZCKJ 2020-11)。
文摘The shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth seriously hinder the practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.To simultaneously address such issues,monodispersed Nb N quantum dots anchored on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanorods(NbN@NHCR)are elaborately developed as efficient Li PSs immobilizer and Li stabilizer for high-performance Li-S full batteries.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that the sulfiphilic and lithiophilic NbN@NHCR hybrid can not only efficiently immobilize the soluble Li PSs and facilitate diffusion-conversion kinetics for alleviating the shuttling effect,but also homogenize the distribution of Li+ions and regulate uniform Li deposition for suppressing Li-dendrite growth.As a result,the assembled Li-S full batteries(NbN@NHCR-S||Nb N@NHCR-Li)deliver excellent long-term cycling stability with a low decay rate of 0.031%per cycle over 1000 cycles at high rate of 2 C.Even at a high S loading of 5.8 mg cm^(-2)and a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 5.2μL mg^(-1),a large areal capacity of 6.2 mA h cm^(-2)can be achieved in Li-S pouch cell at 0.1 C.This study provides a new perspective via designing a dual-functional sulfiphilic and lithiophilic hybrid to address serious issues of the shuttle effect of S cathode and dendrite growth of Li anode.
