In a time characterized by the availability of vast amounts of data,the effective utilization of information is critical for timely decision-making in military operations.However,processing large amounts of data requi...In a time characterized by the availability of vast amounts of data,the effective utilization of information is critical for timely decision-making in military operations.However,processing large amounts of data requires computational resources and time.Therefore,decision makers have used data-centric technologies to take advantage of public and private data sources to support military operations.This survey explores the integration and application of data-centric technologies,such as data analytics,data science,and machine learning,to optimize decision-making workflows within military contexts supporting the deployment of military assets and resources.To address the information gap,this article presents a literature review,specifically a survey.Our survey examines the use of the mentioned technologies to process and analyze information that contributes to the phases of situational awareness,and planning in military environments.We then introduce a taxonomy of the approaches associated with implementing these technologies in military scenarios.Furthermore,we discuss relevant factors for the seamless integration of data-centric technologies into military decision-making processes,and reveal the importance of specialized personnel,architectures,and cybersecurity issues in the task of developing prototypes and models.The findings of this paper aim to provide valuable insights for military institutions,offering a deeper understanding of the use of data-centric technologies as innovative practices to enhance the effectiveness of military decision-making.展开更多
The automatic stealth task of military time-sensitive targets plays a crucial role in maintaining national military security and mastering battlefield dynamics in military applications.We propose a novel Military Time...The automatic stealth task of military time-sensitive targets plays a crucial role in maintaining national military security and mastering battlefield dynamics in military applications.We propose a novel Military Time-sensitive Targets Stealth Network via Real-time Mask Generation(MTTSNet).According to our knowledge,this is the first technology to automatically remove military targets in real-time from videos.The critical steps of MTTSNet are as follows:First,we designed a real-time mask generation network based on the encoder-decoder framework,combined with the domain expansion structure,to effectively extract mask images.Specifically,the ASPP structure in the encoder could achieve advanced semantic feature fusion.The decoder stacked high-dimensional information with low-dimensional information to obtain an effective mask layer.Subsequently,the domain expansion module guided the adaptive expansion of mask images.Second,a context adversarial generation network based on gated convolution was constructed to achieve background restoration of mask positions in the original image.In addition,our method worked in an end-to-end manner.A particular semantic segmentation dataset for military time-sensitive targets has been constructed,called the Military Time-sensitive Target Masking Dataset(MTMD).The MTMD dataset experiment successfully demonstrated that this method could create a mask that completely occludes the target and that the target could be hidden in real time using this mask.We demonstrated the concealment performance of our proposed method by comparing it to a number of well-known and highly optimized baselines.展开更多
One of the major challenges arising in internet of military things(IoMT)is accommodating massive connectivity while providing guaranteed quality of service(QoS)in terms of ultra-high reliability.In this regard,this pa...One of the major challenges arising in internet of military things(IoMT)is accommodating massive connectivity while providing guaranteed quality of service(QoS)in terms of ultra-high reliability.In this regard,this paper presents a class of code-domain nonorthogonal multiple accesses(NOMAs)for uplink ultra reliable networking of massive IoMT based on tactical datalink such as Link-16 and joint tactical information distribution system(JTIDS).In the considered scenario,a satellite equipped with Nr antennas servers K devices including vehicles,drones,ships,sensors,handset radios,etc.Nonorthogonal coded modulation,a special form of multiple input multiple output(MIMO)-NOMA is proposed.The discussion starts with evaluating the output signal to interference-plus-noise(SINR)of receiver filter,leading to the unveiling of a closed-form expression for overloading systems as the number of users is significantly larger than the number of devices admitted such that massive connectivity is rendered.The expression allows for the development of simple yet successful interference suppression based on power allocation and phase shaping techniques that maximizes the sum rate since it is equivalent to fixed-point programming as can be proved.The proposed design is exemplified by nonlinear modulation schemes such as minimum shift keying(MSK)and Gaussian MSK(GMSK),two pivotal modulation formats in IoMT standards such as Link-16 and JITDS.Numerical results show that near capacity performance is offered.Fortunately,the performance is obtained using simple forward error corrections(FECs)of higher coding rate than existing schemes do,while the transmit power is reduced by 6 dB.The proposed design finds wide applications not only in IoMT but also in deep space communications,where ultra reliability and massive connectivity is a keen concern.展开更多
利用离子束、亚硝基胍及离子束-亚硝基胍诱变法处理蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris JN168,初步获得了几株较高产虫草素的菌株。通过进一步筛选得到复合诱变菌2,并对该菌的液态发酵培养基组分进行了优化。实验结果表明:蛹虫草液态发酵产虫草...利用离子束、亚硝基胍及离子束-亚硝基胍诱变法处理蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris JN168,初步获得了几株较高产虫草素的菌株。通过进一步筛选得到复合诱变菌2,并对该菌的液态发酵培养基组分进行了优化。实验结果表明:蛹虫草液态发酵产虫草素的最佳培养基组分为(g/L),葡萄糖40,酵母浸粉25,Mg SO4·7H2O 0.6,K2HPO4·3H2O 0.6,KH2PO40.6。优化后虫草素产量提高了5倍,最高达1 045.65 mg/L。展开更多
Metaphors can serve as cognitive instruments.In the process of conceptualization,metaphors would reflex the way people think and affect the way they perceive things.Conceptual metaphors are often used to help layman u...Metaphors can serve as cognitive instruments.In the process of conceptualization,metaphors would reflex the way people think and affect the way they perceive things.Conceptual metaphors are often used to help layman understand abstract and complex political issues better.The author studies Martin Luther King,Jr's famous speech "I Have a Dream" from the views of cognitive linguistics,and mainly analyzes the conceptual metaphors in this political speech.展开更多
As we know,the Conceptual Metaphor Theory is the part of Cognitive Linguistics,and it is the bridge between metaphor and vocabulary learning.Through the detailed discussion towards the definition of conceptual metapho...As we know,the Conceptual Metaphor Theory is the part of Cognitive Linguistics,and it is the bridge between metaphor and vocabulary learning.Through the detailed discussion towards the definition of conceptual metaphor,this article analyses how to improve the learners' learning competence by using conceptual metaphor theory that is applied into the practice of teaching Polysemy.展开更多
"Metaphors We Live By"was written by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Chicago in 1980 published by University of Chicago Press. Lakoff and Johnson's"Metaphors We Live By"(1980) is an important..."Metaphors We Live By"was written by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Chicago in 1980 published by University of Chicago Press. Lakoff and Johnson's"Metaphors We Live By"(1980) is an important contribution to the study of metaphor.展开更多
目的:基于转录组测序技术,分析预测蛹虫草(XG)水提物影响人胃癌细胞BGC-823生长活性的主要调节性细胞死亡(Regulated Cell Death,RCD)信号通路。方法:MTT法测定XG水提物对胃癌细胞增殖能力的影响,转录组测序分析显著差异基因及其京都基...目的:基于转录组测序技术,分析预测蛹虫草(XG)水提物影响人胃癌细胞BGC-823生长活性的主要调节性细胞死亡(Regulated Cell Death,RCD)信号通路。方法:MTT法测定XG水提物对胃癌细胞增殖能力的影响,转录组测序分析显著差异基因及其京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集情况,获得凋亡、自噬、坏死性凋亡及铁死亡信号通路的hub基因(10个)。通过激光共聚焦、流式细胞术、实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)进一步验证XG水提物对胃癌细胞凋亡的诱导情况。结果:XG水提物对人胃癌细胞BGC-823生长活性的抑制作用具有剂量依赖特征。转录组测序共筛选到5885个差异表达基因,并在凋亡(P=0.001)及自噬(P=0.008)信号通路存在显著性富集,除铁死亡外,其它信号通路的hub基因的表达量均被显著性抑制,包括caspase依赖性凋亡信号通路的关键因子CASP3、CASP9、CASP7和APAF1,自噬小体形成相关的基因ULK1、ULK2、UVRAG、Atg14及Atg5。细胞学检测结果显示,胃癌细胞经XG水提物处理后呈典型的凋亡形态学特征,早期凋亡率为24.8%,细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期。qRT-PCR检测显示,BCL2、BCL2L1、CASP3、CASP9及XIAP的表达受到显著抑制(P<0.01),ENDOG和AIF表达量显著上调(P<0.01),与转录组测序结果一致。结论:蛹虫草主要通过caspase非依赖性线粒体凋亡途径抑制人胃癌细胞BGC-823的生长活性,同时可以影响自噬等信号通路的激活,为蛹虫草在功能性食品的开发提供理论支持。展开更多
文摘In a time characterized by the availability of vast amounts of data,the effective utilization of information is critical for timely decision-making in military operations.However,processing large amounts of data requires computational resources and time.Therefore,decision makers have used data-centric technologies to take advantage of public and private data sources to support military operations.This survey explores the integration and application of data-centric technologies,such as data analytics,data science,and machine learning,to optimize decision-making workflows within military contexts supporting the deployment of military assets and resources.To address the information gap,this article presents a literature review,specifically a survey.Our survey examines the use of the mentioned technologies to process and analyze information that contributes to the phases of situational awareness,and planning in military environments.We then introduce a taxonomy of the approaches associated with implementing these technologies in military scenarios.Furthermore,we discuss relevant factors for the seamless integration of data-centric technologies into military decision-making processes,and reveal the importance of specialized personnel,architectures,and cybersecurity issues in the task of developing prototypes and models.The findings of this paper aim to provide valuable insights for military institutions,offering a deeper understanding of the use of data-centric technologies as innovative practices to enhance the effectiveness of military decision-making.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62276274)Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2023-JC-YB-528)Chinese aeronautical establishment(Grant No.201851U8012)。
文摘The automatic stealth task of military time-sensitive targets plays a crucial role in maintaining national military security and mastering battlefield dynamics in military applications.We propose a novel Military Time-sensitive Targets Stealth Network via Real-time Mask Generation(MTTSNet).According to our knowledge,this is the first technology to automatically remove military targets in real-time from videos.The critical steps of MTTSNet are as follows:First,we designed a real-time mask generation network based on the encoder-decoder framework,combined with the domain expansion structure,to effectively extract mask images.Specifically,the ASPP structure in the encoder could achieve advanced semantic feature fusion.The decoder stacked high-dimensional information with low-dimensional information to obtain an effective mask layer.Subsequently,the domain expansion module guided the adaptive expansion of mask images.Second,a context adversarial generation network based on gated convolution was constructed to achieve background restoration of mask positions in the original image.In addition,our method worked in an end-to-end manner.A particular semantic segmentation dataset for military time-sensitive targets has been constructed,called the Military Time-sensitive Target Masking Dataset(MTMD).The MTMD dataset experiment successfully demonstrated that this method could create a mask that completely occludes the target and that the target could be hidden in real time using this mask.We demonstrated the concealment performance of our proposed method by comparing it to a number of well-known and highly optimized baselines.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61601346 and 62377039)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2018JQ6044)+2 种基金the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.2023-276-1-1)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Northwestern Polytechnical University(Grant No.31020180QD089)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20200043053004 and 20200043053005)。
文摘One of the major challenges arising in internet of military things(IoMT)is accommodating massive connectivity while providing guaranteed quality of service(QoS)in terms of ultra-high reliability.In this regard,this paper presents a class of code-domain nonorthogonal multiple accesses(NOMAs)for uplink ultra reliable networking of massive IoMT based on tactical datalink such as Link-16 and joint tactical information distribution system(JTIDS).In the considered scenario,a satellite equipped with Nr antennas servers K devices including vehicles,drones,ships,sensors,handset radios,etc.Nonorthogonal coded modulation,a special form of multiple input multiple output(MIMO)-NOMA is proposed.The discussion starts with evaluating the output signal to interference-plus-noise(SINR)of receiver filter,leading to the unveiling of a closed-form expression for overloading systems as the number of users is significantly larger than the number of devices admitted such that massive connectivity is rendered.The expression allows for the development of simple yet successful interference suppression based on power allocation and phase shaping techniques that maximizes the sum rate since it is equivalent to fixed-point programming as can be proved.The proposed design is exemplified by nonlinear modulation schemes such as minimum shift keying(MSK)and Gaussian MSK(GMSK),two pivotal modulation formats in IoMT standards such as Link-16 and JITDS.Numerical results show that near capacity performance is offered.Fortunately,the performance is obtained using simple forward error corrections(FECs)of higher coding rate than existing schemes do,while the transmit power is reduced by 6 dB.The proposed design finds wide applications not only in IoMT but also in deep space communications,where ultra reliability and massive connectivity is a keen concern.
文摘Metaphors can serve as cognitive instruments.In the process of conceptualization,metaphors would reflex the way people think and affect the way they perceive things.Conceptual metaphors are often used to help layman understand abstract and complex political issues better.The author studies Martin Luther King,Jr's famous speech "I Have a Dream" from the views of cognitive linguistics,and mainly analyzes the conceptual metaphors in this political speech.
文摘As we know,the Conceptual Metaphor Theory is the part of Cognitive Linguistics,and it is the bridge between metaphor and vocabulary learning.Through the detailed discussion towards the definition of conceptual metaphor,this article analyses how to improve the learners' learning competence by using conceptual metaphor theory that is applied into the practice of teaching Polysemy.
文摘"Metaphors We Live By"was written by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Chicago in 1980 published by University of Chicago Press. Lakoff and Johnson's"Metaphors We Live By"(1980) is an important contribution to the study of metaphor.
文摘目的:基于转录组测序技术,分析预测蛹虫草(XG)水提物影响人胃癌细胞BGC-823生长活性的主要调节性细胞死亡(Regulated Cell Death,RCD)信号通路。方法:MTT法测定XG水提物对胃癌细胞增殖能力的影响,转录组测序分析显著差异基因及其京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集情况,获得凋亡、自噬、坏死性凋亡及铁死亡信号通路的hub基因(10个)。通过激光共聚焦、流式细胞术、实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)进一步验证XG水提物对胃癌细胞凋亡的诱导情况。结果:XG水提物对人胃癌细胞BGC-823生长活性的抑制作用具有剂量依赖特征。转录组测序共筛选到5885个差异表达基因,并在凋亡(P=0.001)及自噬(P=0.008)信号通路存在显著性富集,除铁死亡外,其它信号通路的hub基因的表达量均被显著性抑制,包括caspase依赖性凋亡信号通路的关键因子CASP3、CASP9、CASP7和APAF1,自噬小体形成相关的基因ULK1、ULK2、UVRAG、Atg14及Atg5。细胞学检测结果显示,胃癌细胞经XG水提物处理后呈典型的凋亡形态学特征,早期凋亡率为24.8%,细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期。qRT-PCR检测显示,BCL2、BCL2L1、CASP3、CASP9及XIAP的表达受到显著抑制(P<0.01),ENDOG和AIF表达量显著上调(P<0.01),与转录组测序结果一致。结论:蛹虫草主要通过caspase非依赖性线粒体凋亡途径抑制人胃癌细胞BGC-823的生长活性,同时可以影响自噬等信号通路的激活,为蛹虫草在功能性食品的开发提供理论支持。
