Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pest...Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pests and their natural enemies is required to minimize the pest population and yield losses.In the current study,analysis of the seasonal population trend of pests and natural enemies and their relative occurrence on cultivars of three cotton species in Central India has been carried out.Results A higher number and diversity of sucking pests were observed during the vegetative cotton growth stage(60 days after sowing),declining as the crop matured.With the exception of cotton jassid(Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida),which caused significant crop damage mainly from August to September;populations of other sucking insects seldom reached economic threshold levels(ETL)throughout the studied period.The bollworm complex populations were minimal,except for the pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders),which re-emerged as a menace to cotton crops during the cotton cropping season 2017–2018 due to resistance development against Bt-cotton.A reasonably good number of predatory arthropods,including coccinellids,lacewings,and spiders,were found actively preying on the arthropod pest complex of the cotton crop during the early vegetative growth stage.Linear regression indicates a significant relationship between green boll infestations and pink bollworm moths in pheromone traps.Multiple linear regression analyse showed mean weekly weather at one-or two-week lag periods had a significant impact on sucking pest population(cotton aphid,cotton jassid,cotton whitefly,and onion thrips)fluctuation.Gossypium hirsutum cultivars RCH 2 and DCH 32,and G.barbadense cultivar Suvin were found susceptible to cotton jassid and onion thrips.Phule Dhanvantary,an G.arboreum cotton cultivar,demonstrated the highest tolerance among all evaluated cultivars against all sucking pests.Conclusion These findings have important implications for pest management in cotton crops.Susceptible cultivars warrant more attention for plant protection measures,making them more input-intensive.The choice of appropriate cultivars can help minimize input costs,thereby increasing net returns for cotton farmers.展开更多
Objective:Keratoconus(KC)is a progressive corneal ectasia disorder,arising from a myriad of causes including genetic predispositions,environmental factors,biomechanical influences,and inflammatory reactions.This study...Objective:Keratoconus(KC)is a progressive corneal ectasia disorder,arising from a myriad of causes including genetic predispositions,environmental factors,biomechanical influences,and inflammatory reactions.This study aims to identify potential pathogenetic gene mutations in patients with sporadic KC in the Han Chinese population.Methods:Twenty-five patients with primary KC as well as 50 unrelated population matched healthy controls,were included in this study to identify potential pathogenic gene mutations among sporadic KC patients in the Han Chinese population.Sanger sequencing and whole-exome sequencing(WES)were used to analyze mutations in the zinc finger protein 469(ZNF469)gene.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the potential role of ZNF469 in KC pathogenesis.Results:Five novel heterozygous missense variants were identified in KC patients.Among them,2 compound heterozygous variants,c.8986G>C(p.E2996Q)with c.11765A>C(p.D3922A),and c.4423C>G(p.L1475V)with c.10633G>A(p.G3545R),were determined to be possible pathogenic factors for KC.Conclusion:Mutations in the ZNF469 gene may contribute to the development of KC in the Han Chinese population.These mutation sites may provide valuable information for future genetic screening of KC patients and their families.展开更多
Background Cotton is an important cash crop in China and a key component of the global textile market.Verticil-lium wilt is a major factor affecting cotton yield.Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers and phenotyp...Background Cotton is an important cash crop in China and a key component of the global textile market.Verticil-lium wilt is a major factor affecting cotton yield.Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers and phenotypic data can be used to identify genetic markers and loci associated with cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt.We used eight upland cotton parent materials in this study to construct a multiparent advanced generation inter-cross(MAGIC)population comprising 320 lines.The Verticillium wilt resistance of the MAGIC population was identified in the green-house in 2019,and the average relative disease index(ARDI)was calculated.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was performed to discover SNP markers/genes associated with Verticillium wilt resistance.Results ARDI of the MAGIC population showed wide variation,ranging from 16.7 to 79.4 across three replicates.This variation reflected a diverse range of resistance to Verticillium wilt within the population.Analysis of distribution pat-terns across the environments revealed consistent trends,with coefficients of variation between 12.25%and 21.96%.Families with higher ARDI values,indicating stronger resistance,were more common,likely due to genetic diver-sity and environmental factors.Population structure analysis divided the MAGIC population into three subgroups,with Group I showing higher genetic variation and Groups II and III displaying more uniform resistance performance.Principal component analysis(PCA)confirmed these divisions,highlighting the genetic diversity underlying Verticil-lium wilt resistance.Through GWAS,we identified 19 SNPs significantly associated with Verticillium wilt resistance,distributed across three chromosomes.The screening of candidate genes was performed on the transcriptome derived from resistant and susceptible cultivars,combined with gene annotation and tissue expression patterns,and two key candidate genes,Ghir_A01G006660 and Ghir_A02G008980,were found to be potentially associated with Verticillium wilt resistance.This suggests that these two candidate genes may play an important role in responding to Verticillium wilt.Conclusion This study aims to dissect the genetic basis of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton by using a MAGIC population and GWAS.The study seeks to provide valuable genetic resources for marker-assisted breeding and enhance the understanding of resistance mechanisms to improve cotton resilience against Verticillium wilt.展开更多
Based on the variation of discrete surface,a new grey relational analysis model,called the grey variation relational ana-lysis(GVRA)model,is proposed in this paper.Meanwhile,the proposed model avoids the inconsistent ...Based on the variation of discrete surface,a new grey relational analysis model,called the grey variation relational ana-lysis(GVRA)model,is proposed in this paper.Meanwhile,the proposed model avoids the inconsistent results caused by diffe-rent construction of discrete surface of panel data or the change in the order of indicators or objects in existing grey relational analysis models.Firstly,the submatrix of the sample matrix is given according to the permutation and combination theory.Secondly,the amplitude of the submatrix is calculated and the variation of discrete surface is obtained.Then,a grey relational coefficient is presented by variation difference,and the GVRA model is established.Furthermore,the properties of the pro-posed model,such as normality,symmetry,reflexivity,transla-tion invariant,and number multiplication invariant,are also veri-fied.Finally,the proposed model is used to identify the driving factors of haze in the cities along the Yellow River in Shandong Province,China.The result reveals that the proposed model can effectively measure the relationship between panel data.展开更多
Anti-jamming performance evaluation has recently received significant attention. For Link-16, the anti-jamming performance evaluation and selection of the optimal anti-jamming technologies are urgent problems to be so...Anti-jamming performance evaluation has recently received significant attention. For Link-16, the anti-jamming performance evaluation and selection of the optimal anti-jamming technologies are urgent problems to be solved. A comprehensive evaluation method is proposed, which combines grey relational analysis (GRA) and cloud model, to evaluate the anti-jamming performances of Link-16. Firstly, on the basis of establishing the anti-jamming performance evaluation indicator system of Link-16, the linear combination of analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) are used to calculate the combined weight. Secondly, the qualitative and quantitative concept transformation model, i.e., the cloud model, is introduced to evaluate the anti-jamming abilities of Link-16 under each jamming scheme. In addition, GRA calculates the correlation degree between evaluation indicators and the anti-jamming performance of Link-16, and assesses the best anti-jamming technology. Finally, simulation results prove that the proposed evaluation model can achieve the objective of feasible and practical evaluation, which opens up a novel way for the research of anti-jamming performance evaluations of Link-16.展开更多
The age structure of a Lurix gmelini population in the northern part of the Great Xingan mountains consists of one to several age waves. Three types (one-, two- and multi-generation populations) , plusing eleven subty...The age structure of a Lurix gmelini population in the northern part of the Great Xingan mountains consists of one to several age waves. Three types (one-, two- and multi-generation populations) , plusing eleven subtypes of age structure can be classified. As the basic unit of the age structure, age waves show an apparent β distribution in the range from 20 to 60 years. The interval between the starting points of two adjacent age waves is more than 100 years. Natural disturbances,especially forest fires that occurred in this area have had an important effect on the age structure. Most of the age waves resulted from forest fires, but the effect of windfall on the age structure also can be revealed through the analysis of young age waves. Generally, high intensity and low frequency fires are usually followed by one-generation populations, while low intensity and high frequency fires by two- or multi-generation populations.展开更多
Improvement of seed yield of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is generally achieved by combining morphological and yield-related traits,such as plant height(PH),node number on main stem(NN),pod number per plant(NP),seed n...Improvement of seed yield of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is generally achieved by combining morphological and yield-related traits,such as plant height(PH),node number on main stem(NN),pod number per plant(NP),seed number per plant(NS),100-seed weight(HSW)and seed weight per plant(SWPP).Identifying quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for morphological and yield-related traits is therefore important for breeding.In this study,a four-way recombinant inbred line population comprising 160 lines derived from the cross(Kenfeng14×Kenfeng15)×(Heinong48×Kenfeng19)was planted in five different environments and morphological and yield-related trait data were used to identify QTLs by the inclusive composite interval mapping method.Totally 38 QTLs for PH,40 QTLs for NN,26 QTLs for NP,10 QTLs for NS,26 QTLs for HSW and 49 QTLs for SWPP were detected in 125 genomic regions.Single QTLs explained 2.17%-14.60%,2.00%-10.04%,2.37%-9.77%,2.62%-8.61%,0.47%-6.51%and 0.14%-12.39%of the phenotypic variation for PH,NN,NP,NS,HSW and SWPP,respectively.Among these 125 genomic regions,120 were newly associated with morphological and yield-related traits.The results would facilitate the molecular breeding of morphological and yield-related traits in soybean.展开更多
Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity ar...Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity are also tunable,increasing its functional versatility.These make diamond and its related materials,such as its composites,highly promising for various applications in energy fields.This review summarizes recent advances and key achievements in energy storage and conversion,covering electrochemical energy storage(e.g.,batteries and supercapacitors),electrocatalytic energy conversion(e.g.,CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions),and solar energy conversion(e.g.,photo-(electro)chemical CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions,and solar cells).Current challenges and prospects related to the synthesis of diamond materials and the technologies for their energy applications are outlined and discussed.展开更多
As China enters a new stage of agricultural modernization,understanding how rural e-commerce can address the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers is of significant research importance.This research utilized da...As China enters a new stage of agricultural modernization,understanding how rural e-commerce can address the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers is of significant research importance.This research utilized data from China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)and China Statistical Yearbook to construct a multi-dimensional relative poverty index system and an evaluation index system for rural e-commerce development.A fixed-effect model was employed to test the direct impact,and an intermediary-effect model was used to analyze the mechanism.The study found that rural e-commerce effectively alleviated multidimensional relative poverty among farmers,with varying effects across different dimensions.Notably,improving digital payment levels and non-agricultural employment were effective means by which rural e-commerce mitigated this poverty.However,the impact of rural e-commerce showed regional heterogeneity.Based on these findings,this research offered a series of countermeasures and suggestions.展开更多
Grey relational analysis is an important part of the grey systems theory, and it is the basis of the grey clustering analysis, grey decision-making and grey controlling. To research whether grey relational models sati...Grey relational analysis is an important part of the grey systems theory, and it is the basis of the grey clustering analysis, grey decision-making and grey controlling. To research whether grey relational models satisfy the four grey relational theorems, several kinds of grey relational models are commented. Some problems including the properties of normality, pair symmetry and wholeness are discussed. The phenomenon that the lower value of almost each grey relational model is not equal to zero is proved. The contradiction problems between the properties of wholeness and pair symmetry are verified. Finally, several propositions are constructed to explain the above problems.展开更多
To evaluate the effectiveness of weapon systems, the advantages and disadvantages of grey relational analysis and TOPSIS for multiattribute decision-making is pointed out, and an effectiveness evaluation model of weap...To evaluate the effectiveness of weapon systems, the advantages and disadvantages of grey relational analysis and TOPSIS for multiattribute decision-making is pointed out, and an effectiveness evaluation model of weapon systems by combining grey relational analysis and TOPSIS is proposed. The model aggregates the grey relational grade and the distance to a new integrated closeness and reflects not only the trend but also the situation of the alternative. The example illuminates that the model is effective for the effectiveness evaluation of weapon systems.展开更多
A proper weapon system is very important for a na- tional defense system. Generally, it means selecting the optimal weapon system among many alternatives, which is a multiple- attribute decision making （MADM） proble...A proper weapon system is very important for a na- tional defense system. Generally, it means selecting the optimal weapon system among many alternatives, which is a multiple- attribute decision making （MADM） problem. This paper proposes a new mathematical model based on the response surface method （RSM） and the grey relational analysis （GRA）. RSM is used to obtain the experimental points and analyze the factors that have a significant impact on the selection results. GRA is used to an- alyze the trend relationship between alternatives and reference series. And then an RSM model is obtained, which can be used to calculate all alternatives and obtain ranking results. A real world application is introduced to illustrate the utilization of the model for the weapon selection problem. The results show that this model can be used to help decision-makers to make a quick comparison of alternatives and select a proper weapon system from multiple alternatives, which is an effective and adaptable method for solving the weapon system selection problem.展开更多
This study aims to optimize the input parameters such as mass fraction and particle size of SiC along with depth of cut,feed and cutting speed in the milling of Al5059/SiC/MoS2.The hybrid metal matrix composites are g...This study aims to optimize the input parameters such as mass fraction and particle size of SiC along with depth of cut,feed and cutting speed in the milling of Al5059/SiC/MoS2.The hybrid metal matrix composites are generally fabricated by reinforcing of different sizes(10,20,40 μm)of SiC with aluminium at a different levels(5%,10%& 15%)whereas the MoS2 addition is fixed as 2%.The effect of each control factor on response variables are analyzed through Taguchi S/N ratio method.Also,the most significant method for prediction of response parameters is satisfied by ANN model than the regression model.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)results envisage that mass fraction of SiC,feed rate is the most domineering factor on response variable.展开更多
With its wide use in different fields, the problem of the convergence of simple genetic algorithms (GAs) has been concerned. In the past, the research on the convergence of GAs was based on Holland's model theorem...With its wide use in different fields, the problem of the convergence of simple genetic algorithms (GAs) has been concerned. In the past, the research on the convergence of GAs was based on Holland's model theorem. The diversity of the evolutionary population and the convergence of GAs are studied by using the concept of negentropy based on the discussion of the characteristic of GA. Some test functions are used to test the convergence of GAs, and good results have been obtained. It is shown that the global optimization may be obtained by selecting appropriate parameters of simple GAs if the evolution time is enough.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Soybean Peptides(SPs) on ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity in vitro. Four levels of SPs supplements(0, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% dry matter basis) were tes...This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Soybean Peptides(SPs) on ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity in vitro. Four levels of SPs supplements(0, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% dry matter basis) were tested. p H, NH3-N, Neutral Detergent Fiber(NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber(ADF), Dry Matter Digestibility(DMD) and the Total Volatile Fatty Acid(TVFA) were measured at 6, 24, 48 h of in vitro mixed incubation the fluids. Microbial populations were determined at 24 h and Microbial Proteins(MCP) were determined at 24 and 48 h. The gas production after 48 h in vitro incubation presented linear growth(p<0.05) and the highest content was the level of 0.5% SPs(dry matter basis). NH3-N concentration reached the highest concentration with 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. p H linearly increased(linear, p<0.05) from 6 to 48 h. The digestion of DMD increased with increasing doses of SPs at 24 h. NDF and ADF linearly(p<0.01) decreased by adding SPs. The concentration of TVFA linearly increased(p<0.05) at 6, 24 and 48 h, and reached the highest concentration at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis). SPs decreased(p<0.05) the molar proportion of acetate and propionate, respectively at 24 and 48 h. Acetat to Propionate ratio(A/P; linear, p<0.05) increased at 48 h, and reached the greatest value at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. The populations of rumen Ruminococcus flavefaciens(R. flavefaciens), Ruminococcusalbus(R. albus), Fibrobacter succinogenes(F. succinogenes), Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens(B. fibrisolvens), Streptococcus bovis(S.bovis), Ruminobacter amylophilus(R. amylophilus) and Succinimonas amylolytica(S. amylolytica) were analyzed based on the total rumen bacterial 16 S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid(r DNA). The relative abundance of R. flavefaciens and R. albus increased at 24 h, but the relative abundance of F. succinogenes decreased at this time. The incubation of SPs had no effect on the abundance of S. bovis and R. amylophilus. The relative abundance of B. fibrisolvens and S. amylolytica reached the greatest value(p<0.05) at middle doses of SPs inclusion at 24 h. The value of MCPs linearly increased(p<0.05) at 24 and 48 h. These results showed that SPs could improve in vitro fermentation and nutrient digestion of feed substrates, and had the ability to modulate the ruminal fermentation pattern by regulating the composition of functional rumen microbes. Hence, SPs might be a potential feed additive applied in the diets of ruminants.展开更多
As for the factors affecting the heat transfer performance of complex and nonlinear oscillating heat pipe (OHP),grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to deal with the relationship between heat transfer rate of a loo...As for the factors affecting the heat transfer performance of complex and nonlinear oscillating heat pipe (OHP),grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to deal with the relationship between heat transfer rate of a looped copper-water OHP and charging ratio,inner diameter,inclination angel,heat input,number of turns,and the main influencing factors were defined.Then,forecasting model was obtained by using main influencing factors (such as charging ratio,interior diameter,and inclination angel) as the inputs of function chain neural network.The results show that the relative average error between the predicted and actual value is 4%,which illustrates that the function chain neural network can be applied to predict the performance of OHP accurately.展开更多
Complex traits are multifactorial traits controlled by polygenic host factors.These trait-related phenotypic characteristics and performance including body weight,blood chemistry,immune cell profiles,as well host susc...Complex traits are multifactorial traits controlled by polygenic host factors.These trait-related phenotypic characteristics and performance including body weight,blood chemistry,immune cell profiles,as well host susceptibility to infectious and chronic diseases.In recent years,tremendous efforts were invested aiming to map the host genetic factors attribute to these traits and subsequently clone the gene/s underlying these loci.In parallel to human studies,a number of mouse models and approaches were developed aimed to enhance the mapping process and the gene cloning.These include of using resources such as F2,backcross,advanced intercross lines,outbred populations,consomic,congenic and recombinant inbred lines(RIL).The constraints of these approaches were the limited resolution mapping of genomic regions of the quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with the trait of interests,and the limited genetic diversity observed in the parental founders.To overcome these limitations,a new genetically highly diverse recombinant inbred lines of mouse population was established,namely the Collaborative Cross(CC),created from full reciprocal mating of 8 divergent strains of mice:A/J,C57BL/6J,129S1/SvI mJ,NOD/LtJ,NZO/HiL tJ,CAST/Ei,PWK/PhJ,and WSB/EiJ.By intercrossing these eight founders to generate the different CC lines,the genetic makeup of the newly developed resource is completely different from the eight parental lines,and will show heterosis,which subsequently will response differently comparing with their original founders.Finally,our results suggest that it is not essential to defining the phenotypic response of the eight parental lines,prior of assessing the CC lines,because it is believed that genetic interaction of the new genetic makeup of the new lines will reveal new phenotypic response,which completely different from the parental lines.In this report,we present to the community the power of the CC for dissecting variety of complex traits including host susceptibility to infectious and chronic diseases as well body performance traits.Based on our results from a variety of studies,we recommend to the community,that the best strategy of using this population is to aim of phenotyping about 50 and more of CC lines,with limited number of biological replicates(3-4 mice per line),and subsequently using the publicly available high dense genotype information of the CC lines as well the sequence database of the eight founders,it will be possible performing QTL mapping to a unprecedented precision genomic regions less than 1 MB,subsequently lead to identify potential strong candidate genes.These achievements are believed cannot be obtained with any other currently available mouse resource populations.展开更多
Aphis glycines （Hemiptera： Aphididae） is considered as a cosmopolitan pest of cultivated soybean, major difficulties in its control measures may be due to its higher genetic diversity; however, the knowledge about ...Aphis glycines （Hemiptera： Aphididae） is considered as a cosmopolitan pest of cultivated soybean, major difficulties in its control measures may be due to its higher genetic diversity; however, the knowledge about population genetic diversity of this species is limited. This study aimed to represent the genetic differentiation among different geographic populations of soybean aphid in Northeast China. In order to investigate and assess the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, molecular variance, population structure, ecological importance and evolutionary history of A. glycines, we sequenced a fragment of one protein-coding gene, the cytochrome c oxidase I/of mitochondrial DNA gene. The results showed that four haplotypes were defined among CO 11 gene of 180 sequences of soybean aphid in Northeast China including H1 shared by all the populations. Lower haplotype diversity （Hd=0.3590± 0.0420） and nucleotide diversity （Pi=0.0012±0.0002） were observed and high gene flow was detected in every two populations, while most of the variation （80.81%） arose from variability within A. glycines from individuals. Low genetic differentiation and high gene flow （Nm=2.106） indicated a high migration rate between the populations, which might reveal that gene flow in different geographic populations did not affect by geographical distance. The phylogenetic tree and the haplotype network ofA. glycines were obtained based on sequences of CO Ⅱ gene, there were no significant genealogical branches or clusters recognized in NJ tree, and no clear distribution, delineation of haplotypes were demonstrated in the haplotype network according to geographical location. This study rejected the vicariance hypothesis： geographic isolation could be a barrier and it restricted A. glycines gene flow among 10 populations.展开更多
This study aims to reflect the information coverage grey number and the interaction between attributes in grey relational decision making. Therefore, a multi-attribute decision method based on the grey information cov...This study aims to reflect the information coverage grey number and the interaction between attributes in grey relational decision making. Therefore, a multi-attribute decision method based on the grey information coverage interaction relational degree(GIRD) is proposed. Firstly, this paper defines the information coverage grey number, and establishes the GIRD model by using the Choquet fuzzy integral and grey relational principle. It proves that the proposed model not only is the general and unified form of the point relational degree, interval relational degree, mixed relational degree and grey fuzzy integral relational degree, but also can effectively deal with the interaction between attributes. Further,a decision making example of evaluating the industrial operation quality for 14 cities in Hunan province of China is provided to highlight the implementation, availability, and feasibility of the proposed decision model.展开更多
Referring to the 1 248 survey data of rural population in 14 provinces of China, the influencing factors of trip time choice were analyzed. Based on the basic theory of disaggregate model and its modelling method, nin...Referring to the 1 248 survey data of rural population in 14 provinces of China, the influencing factors of trip time choice were analyzed. Based on the basic theory of disaggregate model and its modelling method, nine grades were selected as the alternatives of trip time, the variables affecting time choice and the method getting their values were determined, and a multinomial logit (MNL) model was developed. Another 1 200 trip data of rural population were selected to testify the model's validity. The result shows that the maximum absolute error of each period between calculated value and statistic is 3.6%, so MNL model has high calculation accuracy.展开更多
基金Funding support for the Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project(CROPSAP)。
文摘Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pests and their natural enemies is required to minimize the pest population and yield losses.In the current study,analysis of the seasonal population trend of pests and natural enemies and their relative occurrence on cultivars of three cotton species in Central India has been carried out.Results A higher number and diversity of sucking pests were observed during the vegetative cotton growth stage(60 days after sowing),declining as the crop matured.With the exception of cotton jassid(Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida),which caused significant crop damage mainly from August to September;populations of other sucking insects seldom reached economic threshold levels(ETL)throughout the studied period.The bollworm complex populations were minimal,except for the pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders),which re-emerged as a menace to cotton crops during the cotton cropping season 2017–2018 due to resistance development against Bt-cotton.A reasonably good number of predatory arthropods,including coccinellids,lacewings,and spiders,were found actively preying on the arthropod pest complex of the cotton crop during the early vegetative growth stage.Linear regression indicates a significant relationship between green boll infestations and pink bollworm moths in pheromone traps.Multiple linear regression analyse showed mean weekly weather at one-or two-week lag periods had a significant impact on sucking pest population(cotton aphid,cotton jassid,cotton whitefly,and onion thrips)fluctuation.Gossypium hirsutum cultivars RCH 2 and DCH 32,and G.barbadense cultivar Suvin were found susceptible to cotton jassid and onion thrips.Phule Dhanvantary,an G.arboreum cotton cultivar,demonstrated the highest tolerance among all evaluated cultivars against all sucking pests.Conclusion These findings have important implications for pest management in cotton crops.Susceptible cultivars warrant more attention for plant protection measures,making them more input-intensive.The choice of appropriate cultivars can help minimize input costs,thereby increasing net returns for cotton farmers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(82271057)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30818),China。
文摘Objective:Keratoconus(KC)is a progressive corneal ectasia disorder,arising from a myriad of causes including genetic predispositions,environmental factors,biomechanical influences,and inflammatory reactions.This study aims to identify potential pathogenetic gene mutations in patients with sporadic KC in the Han Chinese population.Methods:Twenty-five patients with primary KC as well as 50 unrelated population matched healthy controls,were included in this study to identify potential pathogenic gene mutations among sporadic KC patients in the Han Chinese population.Sanger sequencing and whole-exome sequencing(WES)were used to analyze mutations in the zinc finger protein 469(ZNF469)gene.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the potential role of ZNF469 in KC pathogenesis.Results:Five novel heterozygous missense variants were identified in KC patients.Among them,2 compound heterozygous variants,c.8986G>C(p.E2996Q)with c.11765A>C(p.D3922A),and c.4423C>G(p.L1475V)with c.10633G>A(p.G3545R),were determined to be possible pathogenic factors for KC.Conclusion:Mutations in the ZNF469 gene may contribute to the development of KC in the Han Chinese population.These mutation sites may provide valuable information for future genetic screening of KC patients and their families.
基金supported by funding from the fund for National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2301203-05)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260510)+3 种基金Special Financial Project for Seed Industry Development in the Autonomous Region(BNZJ2024-10,BNZJ2024-30)Key Project for Science and Technology Development of Shihezi city,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2022NY01)Shihezi University high-level talent research project(RCZK202337)Science and Technol-ogy Planning of Shuanghe city,Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops(2021NY02).
文摘Background Cotton is an important cash crop in China and a key component of the global textile market.Verticil-lium wilt is a major factor affecting cotton yield.Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers and phenotypic data can be used to identify genetic markers and loci associated with cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt.We used eight upland cotton parent materials in this study to construct a multiparent advanced generation inter-cross(MAGIC)population comprising 320 lines.The Verticillium wilt resistance of the MAGIC population was identified in the green-house in 2019,and the average relative disease index(ARDI)was calculated.A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was performed to discover SNP markers/genes associated with Verticillium wilt resistance.Results ARDI of the MAGIC population showed wide variation,ranging from 16.7 to 79.4 across three replicates.This variation reflected a diverse range of resistance to Verticillium wilt within the population.Analysis of distribution pat-terns across the environments revealed consistent trends,with coefficients of variation between 12.25%and 21.96%.Families with higher ARDI values,indicating stronger resistance,were more common,likely due to genetic diver-sity and environmental factors.Population structure analysis divided the MAGIC population into three subgroups,with Group I showing higher genetic variation and Groups II and III displaying more uniform resistance performance.Principal component analysis(PCA)confirmed these divisions,highlighting the genetic diversity underlying Verticil-lium wilt resistance.Through GWAS,we identified 19 SNPs significantly associated with Verticillium wilt resistance,distributed across three chromosomes.The screening of candidate genes was performed on the transcriptome derived from resistant and susceptible cultivars,combined with gene annotation and tissue expression patterns,and two key candidate genes,Ghir_A01G006660 and Ghir_A02G008980,were found to be potentially associated with Verticillium wilt resistance.This suggests that these two candidate genes may play an important role in responding to Verticillium wilt.Conclusion This study aims to dissect the genetic basis of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton by using a MAGIC population and GWAS.The study seeks to provide valuable genetic resources for marker-assisted breeding and enhance the understanding of resistance mechanisms to improve cotton resilience against Verticillium wilt.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72271124,72071111)Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023MG070)the Social Science Planning Project of Shandong Province(23CGLJ03,21CTJJ01).
文摘Based on the variation of discrete surface,a new grey relational analysis model,called the grey variation relational ana-lysis(GVRA)model,is proposed in this paper.Meanwhile,the proposed model avoids the inconsistent results caused by diffe-rent construction of discrete surface of panel data or the change in the order of indicators or objects in existing grey relational analysis models.Firstly,the submatrix of the sample matrix is given according to the permutation and combination theory.Secondly,the amplitude of the submatrix is calculated and the variation of discrete surface is obtained.Then,a grey relational coefficient is presented by variation difference,and the GVRA model is established.Furthermore,the properties of the pro-posed model,such as normality,symmetry,reflexivity,transla-tion invariant,and number multiplication invariant,are also veri-fied.Finally,the proposed model is used to identify the driving factors of haze in the cities along the Yellow River in Shandong Province,China.The result reveals that the proposed model can effectively measure the relationship between panel data.
基金Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LH2021F009)。
文摘Anti-jamming performance evaluation has recently received significant attention. For Link-16, the anti-jamming performance evaluation and selection of the optimal anti-jamming technologies are urgent problems to be solved. A comprehensive evaluation method is proposed, which combines grey relational analysis (GRA) and cloud model, to evaluate the anti-jamming performances of Link-16. Firstly, on the basis of establishing the anti-jamming performance evaluation indicator system of Link-16, the linear combination of analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) are used to calculate the combined weight. Secondly, the qualitative and quantitative concept transformation model, i.e., the cloud model, is introduced to evaluate the anti-jamming abilities of Link-16 under each jamming scheme. In addition, GRA calculates the correlation degree between evaluation indicators and the anti-jamming performance of Link-16, and assesses the best anti-jamming technology. Finally, simulation results prove that the proposed evaluation model can achieve the objective of feasible and practical evaluation, which opens up a novel way for the research of anti-jamming performance evaluations of Link-16.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The age structure of a Lurix gmelini population in the northern part of the Great Xingan mountains consists of one to several age waves. Three types (one-, two- and multi-generation populations) , plusing eleven subtypes of age structure can be classified. As the basic unit of the age structure, age waves show an apparent β distribution in the range from 20 to 60 years. The interval between the starting points of two adjacent age waves is more than 100 years. Natural disturbances,especially forest fires that occurred in this area have had an important effect on the age structure. Most of the age waves resulted from forest fires, but the effect of windfall on the age structure also can be revealed through the analysis of young age waves. Generally, high intensity and low frequency fires are usually followed by one-generation populations, while low intensity and high frequency fires by two- or multi-generation populations.
基金Supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(GA21B009-06)。
文摘Improvement of seed yield of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is generally achieved by combining morphological and yield-related traits,such as plant height(PH),node number on main stem(NN),pod number per plant(NP),seed number per plant(NS),100-seed weight(HSW)and seed weight per plant(SWPP).Identifying quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for morphological and yield-related traits is therefore important for breeding.In this study,a four-way recombinant inbred line population comprising 160 lines derived from the cross(Kenfeng14×Kenfeng15)×(Heinong48×Kenfeng19)was planted in five different environments and morphological and yield-related trait data were used to identify QTLs by the inclusive composite interval mapping method.Totally 38 QTLs for PH,40 QTLs for NN,26 QTLs for NP,10 QTLs for NS,26 QTLs for HSW and 49 QTLs for SWPP were detected in 125 genomic regions.Single QTLs explained 2.17%-14.60%,2.00%-10.04%,2.37%-9.77%,2.62%-8.61%,0.47%-6.51%and 0.14%-12.39%of the phenotypic variation for PH,NN,NP,NS,HSW and SWPP,respectively.Among these 125 genomic regions,120 were newly associated with morphological and yield-related traits.The results would facilitate the molecular breeding of morphological and yield-related traits in soybean.
基金西南大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(SWU-KT22030)重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202300205)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation,457444676).
文摘Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity are also tunable,increasing its functional versatility.These make diamond and its related materials,such as its composites,highly promising for various applications in energy fields.This review summarizes recent advances and key achievements in energy storage and conversion,covering electrochemical energy storage(e.g.,batteries and supercapacitors),electrocatalytic energy conversion(e.g.,CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions),and solar energy conversion(e.g.,photo-(electro)chemical CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions,and solar cells).Current challenges and prospects related to the synthesis of diamond materials and the technologies for their energy applications are outlined and discussed.
基金Supported by General Project of the National Social Science Foundation(Topic 20BJY135)。
文摘As China enters a new stage of agricultural modernization,understanding how rural e-commerce can address the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers is of significant research importance.This research utilized data from China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)and China Statistical Yearbook to construct a multi-dimensional relative poverty index system and an evaluation index system for rural e-commerce development.A fixed-effect model was employed to test the direct impact,and an intermediary-effect model was used to analyze the mechanism.The study found that rural e-commerce effectively alleviated multidimensional relative poverty among farmers,with varying effects across different dimensions.Notably,improving digital payment levels and non-agricultural employment were effective means by which rural e-commerce mitigated this poverty.However,the impact of rural e-commerce showed regional heterogeneity.Based on these findings,this research offered a series of countermeasures and suggestions.
基金supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70701017) the Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation of Nanjing University of Astronautics and Aeronautics (V0865-091).
文摘Grey relational analysis is an important part of the grey systems theory, and it is the basis of the grey clustering analysis, grey decision-making and grey controlling. To research whether grey relational models satisfy the four grey relational theorems, several kinds of grey relational models are commented. Some problems including the properties of normality, pair symmetry and wholeness are discussed. The phenomenon that the lower value of almost each grey relational model is not equal to zero is proved. The contradiction problems between the properties of wholeness and pair symmetry are verified. Finally, several propositions are constructed to explain the above problems.
文摘To evaluate the effectiveness of weapon systems, the advantages and disadvantages of grey relational analysis and TOPSIS for multiattribute decision-making is pointed out, and an effectiveness evaluation model of weapon systems by combining grey relational analysis and TOPSIS is proposed. The model aggregates the grey relational grade and the distance to a new integrated closeness and reflects not only the trend but also the situation of the alternative. The example illuminates that the model is effective for the effectiveness evaluation of weapon systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51375389)
文摘A proper weapon system is very important for a na- tional defense system. Generally, it means selecting the optimal weapon system among many alternatives, which is a multiple- attribute decision making （MADM） problem. This paper proposes a new mathematical model based on the response surface method （RSM） and the grey relational analysis （GRA）. RSM is used to obtain the experimental points and analyze the factors that have a significant impact on the selection results. GRA is used to an- alyze the trend relationship between alternatives and reference series. And then an RSM model is obtained, which can be used to calculate all alternatives and obtain ranking results. A real world application is introduced to illustrate the utilization of the model for the weapon selection problem. The results show that this model can be used to help decision-makers to make a quick comparison of alternatives and select a proper weapon system from multiple alternatives, which is an effective and adaptable method for solving the weapon system selection problem.
文摘This study aims to optimize the input parameters such as mass fraction and particle size of SiC along with depth of cut,feed and cutting speed in the milling of Al5059/SiC/MoS2.The hybrid metal matrix composites are generally fabricated by reinforcing of different sizes(10,20,40 μm)of SiC with aluminium at a different levels(5%,10%& 15%)whereas the MoS2 addition is fixed as 2%.The effect of each control factor on response variables are analyzed through Taguchi S/N ratio method.Also,the most significant method for prediction of response parameters is satisfied by ANN model than the regression model.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)results envisage that mass fraction of SiC,feed rate is the most domineering factor on response variable.
文摘With its wide use in different fields, the problem of the convergence of simple genetic algorithms (GAs) has been concerned. In the past, the research on the convergence of GAs was based on Holland's model theorem. The diversity of the evolutionary population and the convergence of GAs are studied by using the concept of negentropy based on the discussion of the characteristic of GA. Some test functions are used to test the convergence of GAs, and good results have been obtained. It is shown that the global optimization may be obtained by selecting appropriate parameters of simple GAs if the evolution time is enough.
基金the China Agricultural Research System for providing facility and funds for experiment
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Soybean Peptides(SPs) on ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity in vitro. Four levels of SPs supplements(0, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% dry matter basis) were tested. p H, NH3-N, Neutral Detergent Fiber(NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber(ADF), Dry Matter Digestibility(DMD) and the Total Volatile Fatty Acid(TVFA) were measured at 6, 24, 48 h of in vitro mixed incubation the fluids. Microbial populations were determined at 24 h and Microbial Proteins(MCP) were determined at 24 and 48 h. The gas production after 48 h in vitro incubation presented linear growth(p<0.05) and the highest content was the level of 0.5% SPs(dry matter basis). NH3-N concentration reached the highest concentration with 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. p H linearly increased(linear, p<0.05) from 6 to 48 h. The digestion of DMD increased with increasing doses of SPs at 24 h. NDF and ADF linearly(p<0.01) decreased by adding SPs. The concentration of TVFA linearly increased(p<0.05) at 6, 24 and 48 h, and reached the highest concentration at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis). SPs decreased(p<0.05) the molar proportion of acetate and propionate, respectively at 24 and 48 h. Acetat to Propionate ratio(A/P; linear, p<0.05) increased at 48 h, and reached the greatest value at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. The populations of rumen Ruminococcus flavefaciens(R. flavefaciens), Ruminococcusalbus(R. albus), Fibrobacter succinogenes(F. succinogenes), Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens(B. fibrisolvens), Streptococcus bovis(S.bovis), Ruminobacter amylophilus(R. amylophilus) and Succinimonas amylolytica(S. amylolytica) were analyzed based on the total rumen bacterial 16 S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid(r DNA). The relative abundance of R. flavefaciens and R. albus increased at 24 h, but the relative abundance of F. succinogenes decreased at this time. The incubation of SPs had no effect on the abundance of S. bovis and R. amylophilus. The relative abundance of B. fibrisolvens and S. amylolytica reached the greatest value(p<0.05) at middle doses of SPs inclusion at 24 h. The value of MCPs linearly increased(p<0.05) at 24 and 48 h. These results showed that SPs could improve in vitro fermentation and nutrient digestion of feed substrates, and had the ability to modulate the ruminal fermentation pattern by regulating the composition of functional rumen microbes. Hence, SPs might be a potential feed additive applied in the diets of ruminants.
基金Project(531107040300) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in ChinaProject(2006BAJ04B04) supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period of China
文摘As for the factors affecting the heat transfer performance of complex and nonlinear oscillating heat pipe (OHP),grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to deal with the relationship between heat transfer rate of a looped copper-water OHP and charging ratio,inner diameter,inclination angel,heat input,number of turns,and the main influencing factors were defined.Then,forecasting model was obtained by using main influencing factors (such as charging ratio,interior diameter,and inclination angel) as the inputs of function chain neural network.The results show that the relative average error between the predicted and actual value is 4%,which illustrates that the function chain neural network can be applied to predict the performance of OHP accurately.
文摘Complex traits are multifactorial traits controlled by polygenic host factors.These trait-related phenotypic characteristics and performance including body weight,blood chemistry,immune cell profiles,as well host susceptibility to infectious and chronic diseases.In recent years,tremendous efforts were invested aiming to map the host genetic factors attribute to these traits and subsequently clone the gene/s underlying these loci.In parallel to human studies,a number of mouse models and approaches were developed aimed to enhance the mapping process and the gene cloning.These include of using resources such as F2,backcross,advanced intercross lines,outbred populations,consomic,congenic and recombinant inbred lines(RIL).The constraints of these approaches were the limited resolution mapping of genomic regions of the quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with the trait of interests,and the limited genetic diversity observed in the parental founders.To overcome these limitations,a new genetically highly diverse recombinant inbred lines of mouse population was established,namely the Collaborative Cross(CC),created from full reciprocal mating of 8 divergent strains of mice:A/J,C57BL/6J,129S1/SvI mJ,NOD/LtJ,NZO/HiL tJ,CAST/Ei,PWK/PhJ,and WSB/EiJ.By intercrossing these eight founders to generate the different CC lines,the genetic makeup of the newly developed resource is completely different from the eight parental lines,and will show heterosis,which subsequently will response differently comparing with their original founders.Finally,our results suggest that it is not essential to defining the phenotypic response of the eight parental lines,prior of assessing the CC lines,because it is believed that genetic interaction of the new genetic makeup of the new lines will reveal new phenotypic response,which completely different from the parental lines.In this report,we present to the community the power of the CC for dissecting variety of complex traits including host susceptibility to infectious and chronic diseases as well body performance traits.Based on our results from a variety of studies,we recommend to the community,that the best strategy of using this population is to aim of phenotyping about 50 and more of CC lines,with limited number of biological replicates(3-4 mice per line),and subsequently using the publicly available high dense genotype information of the CC lines as well the sequence database of the eight founders,it will be possible performing QTL mapping to a unprecedented precision genomic regions less than 1 MB,subsequently lead to identify potential strong candidate genes.These achievements are believed cannot be obtained with any other currently available mouse resource populations.
基金Supported by the Special funds for Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology System(CARS-04)Public Welfare Industry(Agriculture)Special Fund(201103002)
文摘Aphis glycines （Hemiptera： Aphididae） is considered as a cosmopolitan pest of cultivated soybean, major difficulties in its control measures may be due to its higher genetic diversity; however, the knowledge about population genetic diversity of this species is limited. This study aimed to represent the genetic differentiation among different geographic populations of soybean aphid in Northeast China. In order to investigate and assess the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, molecular variance, population structure, ecological importance and evolutionary history of A. glycines, we sequenced a fragment of one protein-coding gene, the cytochrome c oxidase I/of mitochondrial DNA gene. The results showed that four haplotypes were defined among CO 11 gene of 180 sequences of soybean aphid in Northeast China including H1 shared by all the populations. Lower haplotype diversity （Hd=0.3590± 0.0420） and nucleotide diversity （Pi=0.0012±0.0002） were observed and high gene flow was detected in every two populations, while most of the variation （80.81%） arose from variability within A. glycines from individuals. Low genetic differentiation and high gene flow （Nm=2.106） indicated a high migration rate between the populations, which might reveal that gene flow in different geographic populations did not affect by geographical distance. The phylogenetic tree and the haplotype network ofA. glycines were obtained based on sequences of CO Ⅱ gene, there were no significant genealogical branches or clusters recognized in NJ tree, and no clear distribution, delineation of haplotypes were demonstrated in the haplotype network according to geographical location. This study rejected the vicariance hypothesis： geographic isolation could be a barrier and it restricted A. glycines gene flow among 10 populations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71871174,71571065,71671135)the National Social Science Fund of China(13FGL005)。
文摘This study aims to reflect the information coverage grey number and the interaction between attributes in grey relational decision making. Therefore, a multi-attribute decision method based on the grey information coverage interaction relational degree(GIRD) is proposed. Firstly, this paper defines the information coverage grey number, and establishes the GIRD model by using the Choquet fuzzy integral and grey relational principle. It proves that the proposed model not only is the general and unified form of the point relational degree, interval relational degree, mixed relational degree and grey fuzzy integral relational degree, but also can effectively deal with the interaction between attributes. Further,a decision making example of evaluating the industrial operation quality for 14 cities in Hunan province of China is provided to highlight the implementation, availability, and feasibility of the proposed decision model.
基金Project(51178158) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2010HGZY0010, 2011HGBZ0936) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘Referring to the 1 248 survey data of rural population in 14 provinces of China, the influencing factors of trip time choice were analyzed. Based on the basic theory of disaggregate model and its modelling method, nine grades were selected as the alternatives of trip time, the variables affecting time choice and the method getting their values were determined, and a multinomial logit (MNL) model was developed. Another 1 200 trip data of rural population were selected to testify the model's validity. The result shows that the maximum absolute error of each period between calculated value and statistic is 3.6%, so MNL model has high calculation accuracy.
