Hydrogen network management is important to refineries. Various systematic management techniques have been developed to improve the efficiency of refinery hydrogen networks. However, existing methods all treat the hyd...Hydrogen network management is important to refineries. Various systematic management techniques have been developed to improve the efficiency of refinery hydrogen networks. However, existing methods all treat the hydrogen network separately. The tradeoff between hydrogen network cost and oil processing network benefit has not been explored in the hydrogen network management yet. A novel sensitivity analysis scheme is presented to take oil processing network into consideration. Oil processing unit which is sensitive to both oil processing networks and hydrogen networks is identified first. Then, sensitivity analysis of the unit around the operating point of oil processing networks and hydrogen networks is carried out. Finally, the overall optimal operating condition is obtained. An example of a real Chinese refinery demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed analysis method.展开更多
The aging of the population is, currently, a major phenomenon, drawing the attention of a number of investigators. The significant increase of life expectancies over the past few decades, in addition to social and eco...The aging of the population is, currently, a major phenomenon, drawing the attention of a number of investigators. The significant increase of life expectancies over the past few decades, in addition to social and economic consequences, has lead to a major change in the morbidity and mortality profile of elders. Heart failure （HF） is a condition in which the heart can not pump enough blood to meet the body＇s needs. HF is predominantly a disorder of the elderly with rates increasing exponentially. The prevalence of HF approximately doubles with each decade of life. As people live longer, the occurrence of HF rises, as well as other conditions that complicate its treatment. Impaired heart function implies a reduced duration of survival. Fortunately, many factors that can prevent HF and improve outcome are known and can be applied at any stage. This review emphasizes the importance of factors inherent in aging itself, focusing on heart disease, particularly as a disease of aging, can help critically refine management of this acute and chronic disease, as well as foster preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of this common malady.展开更多
基金financial supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20409205 & 60421002)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2007AA04Z191 & 2007AA040702)
文摘Hydrogen network management is important to refineries. Various systematic management techniques have been developed to improve the efficiency of refinery hydrogen networks. However, existing methods all treat the hydrogen network separately. The tradeoff between hydrogen network cost and oil processing network benefit has not been explored in the hydrogen network management yet. A novel sensitivity analysis scheme is presented to take oil processing network into consideration. Oil processing unit which is sensitive to both oil processing networks and hydrogen networks is identified first. Then, sensitivity analysis of the unit around the operating point of oil processing networks and hydrogen networks is carried out. Finally, the overall optimal operating condition is obtained. An example of a real Chinese refinery demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed analysis method.
文摘The aging of the population is, currently, a major phenomenon, drawing the attention of a number of investigators. The significant increase of life expectancies over the past few decades, in addition to social and economic consequences, has lead to a major change in the morbidity and mortality profile of elders. Heart failure （HF） is a condition in which the heart can not pump enough blood to meet the body＇s needs. HF is predominantly a disorder of the elderly with rates increasing exponentially. The prevalence of HF approximately doubles with each decade of life. As people live longer, the occurrence of HF rises, as well as other conditions that complicate its treatment. Impaired heart function implies a reduced duration of survival. Fortunately, many factors that can prevent HF and improve outcome are known and can be applied at any stage. This review emphasizes the importance of factors inherent in aging itself, focusing on heart disease, particularly as a disease of aging, can help critically refine management of this acute and chronic disease, as well as foster preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of this common malady.
