·AIM:To identify various risk factors that may play a significant role in the development of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction(CNLDO).·METHODS:This observational case-control study included a case gro...·AIM:To identify various risk factors that may play a significant role in the development of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction(CNLDO).·METHODS:This observational case-control study included a case group of 122 children less than two years of age with CNLDO who underwent probing and irrigation treatment at the ophthalmology department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz,Iran,from June 2022 to June2024.A control group of 122 age-matched children without CNLDO was also included for comparison.Data was collected from the children's medical records.·RESULTS:The study found a significant correlation between the occurrence of CNLDO and several maternal factors,such as preeclampsia,the use of levothyroxine,hypothyroidism,having more than three pregnancies(gravidity>3),natural pregnancy,and gestational diabetes mellitus.Additionally,in children,factors,such as oxygen therapy,anemia,reflux,jaundice,and a family history of CNLDO in first-degree relatives were associated with CNLDO,and maternal preeclampsia and hypothyroidism were found to significantly increase the risk of developing CNLDO in children.·CONCLUSION:Given that CNLDO affects both premature and full-term children,the present findings may potentially facilitate the early identification of children and infants at risk of nasolacrimal duct obstruction,thereby preventing the onset of chronic dacryocystitis.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the value of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)indicators in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy(DR),and to provide patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN)with more sensitive OCTA scree...AIM:To investigate the value of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)indicators in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy(DR),and to provide patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN)with more sensitive OCTA screening indicators to detect concurrent DR at an early stage.METHODS:A total of 200 patients who treated in the ophthalmology department of the Seventh Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University from 2022 to 2023 were included,including 95 first-diagnosed DR patients and 105 patients without DR,and all patients underwent OCTA examination and a collection of demographics and renal function parameters.After a quality check,automated measurements of the foveal avascular zone area,vessel density(VD),and perfusion density(PD)of both 3 mm×3 mm and 6 mm×6 mm windows were obtained.RESULTS:Using random forest and multivariate Logistic regression methods,we developed a diagnostic model for DR based on 12 variables(age,FBG,SBP,DBP,HbA1c,ALT,ALP,urea/Scr,DM duration,HUA,DN,and CMT).Adding specific OCTA parameters enhanced the efficacy of the existing diagnostic model for DR(outer vessel density in 6 mm×6 mm window,AUC=0.837 vs 0.819,P=0.03).In the study of DN patients,the parameters in the 6 mm×6 mm window improved the diagnostic efficacy of DR(inner VD;outer VD;full VD;outer PD;full PD).CONCLUSION:The outer VD in the 6 mm×6 mm window can enhance the efficacy of the traditional DR diagnostic model.Meanwhile,compared with the 3 mm×3 mm window,the microvascular parameters in the 6 mm×6 mm window focusing on DN patients can be more sensitive to diagnosing the occurrence of DR.展开更多
The poor electronic conductivity of metal-organic framework(MOF)materials hinders their direct application in the field of electrocatalysis in fuel cells.Herein,we proposed a strategy of embedding carbon nanotubes(CNT...The poor electronic conductivity of metal-organic framework(MOF)materials hinders their direct application in the field of electrocatalysis in fuel cells.Herein,we proposed a strategy of embedding carbon nanotubes(CNTs)during the growth process of MOF crystals,synthesizing a metalloporphyrin-based MOF catalyst TCPPCo-MOF-CNT with a unique CNT-intercalated MOF structure.Physical characterization revealed that the CNTs enhance the overall conductivity while retaining the original characteristics of the MOF and metalloporphyrin.Simultaneously,the insertion of CNTs generated adequate mesopores and created a hierarchical porous structure that enhances mass transfer efficiency.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis confirmed that the C atom in CNT changed the electron cloud density on the catalytic active center Co,optimizing the electronic structure.Consequently,the E1/2 of the TCPPCo-MOF-CNT catalyst under neutral conditions reached 0.77 V(vs.RHE),outperforming the catalyst without CNTs.When the TCPPCo-MOF-CNT was employed as the cathode catalyst in assembling microbial fuel cells(MFCs)with Nafion-117 as the proton exchange membrane,the maxi-mum power density of MFCs reached approximately 500 mW·m-2.展开更多
In this work,we investigate the impact of the whole small recess offset on DC and RF characteristics of InP high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).L_(g)=80 nm HEMTs are fabricated with a double-recessed gate proces...In this work,we investigate the impact of the whole small recess offset on DC and RF characteristics of InP high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).L_(g)=80 nm HEMTs are fabricated with a double-recessed gate process.We focus on their DC and RF responses,including the maximum transconductance(g_(m_max)),ON-resistance(R_(ON)),current-gain cutoff frequency(f_(T)),and maximum oscillation frequency(f_(max)).The devices have almost same RON.The g_(m_max) improves as the whole small recess moves toward the source.However,a small gate to source capacitance(C_(gs))and a small drain output conductance(g_(ds))lead to the largest f_(T),although the whole small gate recess moves toward the drain leads to the smaller g_(m_max).According to the small-signal modeling,the device with the whole small recess toward drain exhibits an excellent RF characteristics,such as f_(T)=372 GHz and f_(max)=394 GHz.This result is achieved by paying attention to adjust resistive and capacitive parasitics,which play a key role in high-frequency response.展开更多
Biomedical data is surging due to technological innovations and integration of multidisciplinary data,posing challenges to data management.This article summarizes the policies,data collection efforts,platform construc...Biomedical data is surging due to technological innovations and integration of multidisciplinary data,posing challenges to data management.This article summarizes the policies,data collection efforts,platform construction,and applications of biomedical data in China,aiming to identify key issues and needs,enhance the capacity-building of platform construction,unleash the value of data,and leverage the advantages of China's vast amount of data.展开更多
Amid the global wave of digital economy,China's medical artificial intelligence applications are rapidly advancing through technological innovation and policy support,while facing multifaceted evaluation and regul...Amid the global wave of digital economy,China's medical artificial intelligence applications are rapidly advancing through technological innovation and policy support,while facing multifaceted evaluation and regulatory challenges.The dynamic algorithm evolution undermines the consistency of assessment criteria,multimodal systems lack unified evaluation metrics,and conflicts persist between data sharing and privacy protection.To address these issues,the China National Health Development Research Center has established a value assessment framework for artificial intelligence medical technologies,formulated the country's first technical guideline for clinical evaluation,and validated their practicality through scenario-based pilot studies.Furthermore,this paper proposes introducing a"regulatory sandbox"model to test technical compliance in controlled environments,thereby balancing innovation incentives with risk governance.展开更多
With the progress of aging,the incidence of vascular calcification(VC)gradually increases,which is correlated with cardiovascular events and all-cause death,aggravating global clinical burden.Over the past several dec...With the progress of aging,the incidence of vascular calcification(VC)gradually increases,which is correlated with cardiovascular events and all-cause death,aggravating global clinical burden.Over the past several decades,accumulating approaches targeting the underlying pathogenesis of VC have provided some possibilities for the treatment of VC.Unfortunately,none of the current interventions have achieved clinical effectiveness on reversing or curing VC.The purpose of this review is to make a summary of novel perspectives on the interventions of VC and provide reference for clinical decision-making.展开更多
While three-dimensional perovskites have high defect tolerance and an adjustable bandgap,their charges tend to be free rather than forming excitons,making them unsuitable for use in efficient light-emitting diodes(LED...While three-dimensional perovskites have high defect tolerance and an adjustable bandgap,their charges tend to be free rather than forming excitons,making them unsuitable for use in efficient light-emitting diodes(LEDs).Rather,quasi-two-dimensional(Q-2D)perovskites offer high photoluminescence quantum yield along with the advantages of bulk perovskites,making them ideal for high-performance LEDs.In Q-2D perovskites,the structure(which includes factors like crystal orientation,phase distribution,and layer thickness)directly influences how excitons and charge carriers behave within the material.Growth control techniques,such as varying the synthesis conditions or employing methods,allow for fine-tuning the structural characteristics of these materials,which in turn affect exciton dynamics and charge transport.This review starts with a description of the basic properties of Q-2D perovskites,examines crystal growth in solution,explains how structure affects energy transfer behavior,and concludes with future directions for Q-2D perovskite LEDs.By understanding and optimizing the structure-dependent behavior,researchers can better control exciton dynamics and charge transport,which are crucial for enhancing the performance of optoelectronic devices like solar cells and LEDs.展开更多
Designing highly efficient Pt-free electrocatalysts with low overpotential for an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)remains a significant challenge.Here,a novel and efficient cobalt(Co),ruthenium(Ru)bimetallic ...Designing highly efficient Pt-free electrocatalysts with low overpotential for an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)remains a significant challenge.Here,a novel and efficient cobalt(Co),ruthenium(Ru)bimetallic electrocatalyst composed of CoRu nanoalloy decorated on the N-doped carbon nanotubes(CoRu@N-CNTs),was prepared by reacting fullerenol with melamine via hydrothermal treatment and followed by pyrolysis.Benefiting from the electronic communication between Co and Ru sites,the as-obtained CoRu@N-CNTs catalyst exhibited superior electrocatalytic HER activity.To deliver a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2),it required an overpotential of merely 19 mV along with a Tafel slope of 26.19 mV·dec^(-1)in 1 mol·L^(-1)potassium hydroxide(KOH)solution,outperforming the benchmark Pt/C catalyst.The present work would pave a new way towards the design and construction of an efficient electrocatalyst for energy storage and conversion.展开更多
The development of InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche photodiodes(SPADs)necessitates the utiliza-tion of a two-element diffusion technique to achieve accurate manipulation of the multiplication width and the dis-tribu...The development of InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche photodiodes(SPADs)necessitates the utiliza-tion of a two-element diffusion technique to achieve accurate manipulation of the multiplication width and the dis-tribution of its electric field.Regarding the issue of accurately predicting the depth of diffusion in InGaAs/InP SPAD,simulation analysis and device development were carried out,focusing on the dual diffusion behavior of zinc atoms.A formula of X_(j)=k√t-t_(0)+c to quantitatively predict the diffusion depth is obtained by fitting the simulated twice-diffusion depths based on a two-dimensional(2D)model.The 2D impurity morphologies and the one-dimensional impurity profiles for the dual-diffused region are characterized by using scanning electron micros-copy and secondary ion mass spectrometry as a function of the diffusion depth,respectively.InGaAs/InP SPAD devices with different dual-diffusion conditions are also fabricated,which show breakdown behaviors well consis-tent with the simulated results under the same junction geometries.The dark count rate(DCR)of the device de-creased as the multiplication width increased,as indicated by the results.DCRs of 2×10^(6),1×10^(5),4×10^(4),and 2×10^(4) were achieved at temperatures of 300 K,273 K,263 K,and 253 K,respectively,with a bias voltage of 3 V,when the multiplication width was 1.5µm.These results demonstrate an effective prediction route for accu-rately controlling the dual-diffused zinc junction geometry in InP-based planar device processing.展开更多
Approximately 40% of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma(PPGL) cases are familial, typically presenting earlier with more complex symptoms. This paper synthesizes literature and guidelines to inform on clinical charact...Approximately 40% of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma(PPGL) cases are familial, typically presenting earlier with more complex symptoms. This paper synthesizes literature and guidelines to inform on clinical characteristics and perioperative care for PPGL. Pheochromocytoma in von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) disease exhibits heightened secretion activity without significant perioperative hemodynamic changes. Tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2) have a stronger endocrine function, which may induce hemodynamic fluctuations during surgery. Therefore, pheochromocytoma screening is essential at all stages of MEN2. Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) often presents multisystem lesions and can result in difficult airway. Pheochromocytoma should be evaluated when NF1 patients present hypertension. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma type 5 may present multiple lesions of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. In summary, hereditary PPGLs may present with severe lesions in other systems, beyond tumor function. A multi-disciplinary team(MDT) approach is often invaluable in perioperative management.展开更多
Microglia,originating from primitive macrophages in the yolk sac,serves as both immune system defenders and regulators of homeostasis.These cells exhibit two primary polarization states:conventionally activated(M1)and...Microglia,originating from primitive macrophages in the yolk sac,serves as both immune system defenders and regulators of homeostasis.These cells exhibit two primary polarization states:conventionally activated(M1)and alternatively activated(M2).The polarization of microglia plays a crucial role in influencing inflammatory disorders,metabolic imbalances,and neural degeneration.This process is implicated in various aspects of ocular diseases,especially age-related macular degeneration(AMD),including inflammation,oxidative stress and pathological angiogenesis.The distinct functional phenotypes of microglia impact disease progression and prognosis.Thus,regulating the polarization or functional phenotype of microglia at different stages of AMD holds promise for personalized therapeutic approaches.This comprehensive review outlines the involvement of microglia polarization in both physiological and pathological conditions,emphasizing its relevance in AMD.The discussion underscores the potential of polarization as a foundation for personalized treatment strategies for AMD.展开更多
Nanopipette based scanning probe technique is a versatile tool in non-contact imaging in biology.In addition to the topographic imaging,its capability of localized delivery of bio-active molecules is emerging.In this ...Nanopipette based scanning probe technique is a versatile tool in non-contact imaging in biology.In addition to the topographic imaging,its capability of localized delivery of bio-active molecules is emerging.In this mini review,we introduce the applications of nanopipette in single-cell researches with a focus on localized delivery.The working principles of three delivery modes including resistive pulse,pressure-driven flow,and electroosmotic flow-driven delivery are summarized and compared.Their applications in single-cell researches are reviewed.The current technical challenges in scanning ion conductance microscopy-based delivery,and their growing influence in medicine and pharmacologic researches are also discussed.展开更多
In response to the complex composition,scattered data storage,and differences in management levels of manufacturing resources in the production site of complex products,the research and application of digital technolo...In response to the complex composition,scattered data storage,and differences in management levels of manufacturing resources in the production site of complex products,the research and application of digital technology for perception and control of manufacturing resources in the production site of complex products are of great significance for accelerating the digital transformation and upgrading of complex product manufacturing enterprises.Firstly,focusing on the problems of single element of local management,high cost of heterogeneous integration of multiple data sources,and the difficulty in cleaning up the global status of manufacturing resources in the production site of complex products,basic requirements and core requirements of enterprises for global management and control of manufacturing resources in the production site are deeply analyzed.Secondly,the indicators and data sources of different manufacturing resources that managers at different levels are concerned about are analyzed,providing guidance for refined management.Thirdly,a reference architecture of the manufacturing resource management and control platform for the production site of complex products is proposed,supporting access,integration,and global unified management of manufacturing resource information through the access strategy,data,basic component,and APP layers.Finally,the feasibility,effectiveness,and practicality of the architecture are verified through practical cases,aiming to provide a reference for the manufacturing resource management of complex product manufacturing enterprises.展开更多
Safety is the cornerstone of the civil aviation industry and the enduring focus of civil aviation.This paper uses air traffic complexity and potential aircraft conflict relationships as entry points to study the opera...Safety is the cornerstone of the civil aviation industry and the enduring focus of civil aviation.This paper uses air traffic complexity and potential aircraft conflict relationships as entry points to study the operational safety level of terminal area flight flows and proposes a deep learning-based method for safety situation awareness in terminal area aircraft operations.Firstly,a more comprehensive and precise safety situation assessment features are constructed.Secondly,a deep clustering situation recognition model with added safety situation information capture layer is proposed.Finally,a spatiotemporal graph convolutional neural network based on attention mechanism is constructed for predicting safety situations.Experimental results from a real dataset show that:(1)The proposed model surpasses traditional models across all evaluated dimensions;(2)the recognition model ensures that the encoded features capture distinctive safety situation information,thereby enhancing model interpretability and task alignment;(3)the prediction model demonstrates superior integrated modeling capabilities in both spatial and temporal dimensions.Ultimately,this paper elucidates the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of air traffic safety situation levels,offering valuable insights for air traffic safety management.展开更多
This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)f...This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALCAR)on cell viability,morphological integrity,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression in human retinal pigment epithelium(ARPE-19)cells using a hypo...AIM:To investigate the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALCAR)on cell viability,morphological integrity,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression in human retinal pigment epithelium(ARPE-19)cells using a hypoxic model.METHODS:In the first set of experiments,the optimal CoCl_(2) dose was determined by exposing ARPE-19 cell cultures to different concentrations.To evaluate the effect of ALCAR on cell viability,five groups of ARPE-19 cell culture were established that included a control group,a sham group(200μM CoCl_(2)),and groups that received 1,10 and 100 mM doses of ALCAR combined with 200μM CoCl_(2),respectively.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The morphological characteristics of cells were observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope.The levels of VEGF and HIF-1α secretion by ARPE-19 cells were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)assay.RESULTS:ARPE-19 cells were exposed to different doses of CoCl_(2) in order to create a hypoxia model.Nevertheless,when exposed to a concentration of 200μM CoCl_(2),a notable decrease in viability to 83% was noted.ALCAR was found to increase the cell viability at 1 mM and 10 mM concentrations,while the highest concentration(100 mM)did not have an added effect.The cell viability was found to be significantly higher in the groups treated with a concentration of 1 mM and 10 mM ALCAR compared to the Sham group(P=0.041,P=0.019,respectively).The cell viability and morphology remained unaffected by the greatest dose of ALCAR(100 mM).The administration of 10 mM ALCAR demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the levels of VEGF and HIF-1α compared with the Sham group(P=0.013,P=0.033,respectively).CONCLUSION:The findings from the current study indicate that ALCAR could represent a viable therapeutic option with the potential to open up novel treatment pathways for retinal diseases,particular relevance for age-related macular degeneration(AMD).However,to fully elucidate ALCAR’s application potential in retinal diseases,additional investigation is necessary to clearly define the exact mechanisms involved.展开更多
文摘·AIM:To identify various risk factors that may play a significant role in the development of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction(CNLDO).·METHODS:This observational case-control study included a case group of 122 children less than two years of age with CNLDO who underwent probing and irrigation treatment at the ophthalmology department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz,Iran,from June 2022 to June2024.A control group of 122 age-matched children without CNLDO was also included for comparison.Data was collected from the children's medical records.·RESULTS:The study found a significant correlation between the occurrence of CNLDO and several maternal factors,such as preeclampsia,the use of levothyroxine,hypothyroidism,having more than three pregnancies(gravidity>3),natural pregnancy,and gestational diabetes mellitus.Additionally,in children,factors,such as oxygen therapy,anemia,reflux,jaundice,and a family history of CNLDO in first-degree relatives were associated with CNLDO,and maternal preeclampsia and hypothyroidism were found to significantly increase the risk of developing CNLDO in children.·CONCLUSION:Given that CNLDO affects both premature and full-term children,the present findings may potentially facilitate the early identification of children and infants at risk of nasolacrimal duct obstruction,thereby preventing the onset of chronic dacryocystitis.
文摘AIM:To investigate the value of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)indicators in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy(DR),and to provide patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN)with more sensitive OCTA screening indicators to detect concurrent DR at an early stage.METHODS:A total of 200 patients who treated in the ophthalmology department of the Seventh Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University from 2022 to 2023 were included,including 95 first-diagnosed DR patients and 105 patients without DR,and all patients underwent OCTA examination and a collection of demographics and renal function parameters.After a quality check,automated measurements of the foveal avascular zone area,vessel density(VD),and perfusion density(PD)of both 3 mm×3 mm and 6 mm×6 mm windows were obtained.RESULTS:Using random forest and multivariate Logistic regression methods,we developed a diagnostic model for DR based on 12 variables(age,FBG,SBP,DBP,HbA1c,ALT,ALP,urea/Scr,DM duration,HUA,DN,and CMT).Adding specific OCTA parameters enhanced the efficacy of the existing diagnostic model for DR(outer vessel density in 6 mm×6 mm window,AUC=0.837 vs 0.819,P=0.03).In the study of DN patients,the parameters in the 6 mm×6 mm window improved the diagnostic efficacy of DR(inner VD;outer VD;full VD;outer PD;full PD).CONCLUSION:The outer VD in the 6 mm×6 mm window can enhance the efficacy of the traditional DR diagnostic model.Meanwhile,compared with the 3 mm×3 mm window,the microvascular parameters in the 6 mm×6 mm window focusing on DN patients can be more sensitive to diagnosing the occurrence of DR.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22178307)China Southern Power Grid(Grant Nos.0470002022030103HX00002-01).
文摘The poor electronic conductivity of metal-organic framework(MOF)materials hinders their direct application in the field of electrocatalysis in fuel cells.Herein,we proposed a strategy of embedding carbon nanotubes(CNTs)during the growth process of MOF crystals,synthesizing a metalloporphyrin-based MOF catalyst TCPPCo-MOF-CNT with a unique CNT-intercalated MOF structure.Physical characterization revealed that the CNTs enhance the overall conductivity while retaining the original characteristics of the MOF and metalloporphyrin.Simultaneously,the insertion of CNTs generated adequate mesopores and created a hierarchical porous structure that enhances mass transfer efficiency.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis confirmed that the C atom in CNT changed the electron cloud density on the catalytic active center Co,optimizing the electronic structure.Consequently,the E1/2 of the TCPPCo-MOF-CNT catalyst under neutral conditions reached 0.77 V(vs.RHE),outperforming the catalyst without CNTs.When the TCPPCo-MOF-CNT was employed as the cathode catalyst in assembling microbial fuel cells(MFCs)with Nafion-117 as the proton exchange membrane,the maxi-mum power density of MFCs reached approximately 500 mW·m-2.
基金Supported by the Terahertz Multi User RF Transceiver System Development Project(Z211100004421012).
文摘In this work,we investigate the impact of the whole small recess offset on DC and RF characteristics of InP high electron mobility transistors(HEMTs).L_(g)=80 nm HEMTs are fabricated with a double-recessed gate process.We focus on their DC and RF responses,including the maximum transconductance(g_(m_max)),ON-resistance(R_(ON)),current-gain cutoff frequency(f_(T)),and maximum oscillation frequency(f_(max)).The devices have almost same RON.The g_(m_max) improves as the whole small recess moves toward the source.However,a small gate to source capacitance(C_(gs))and a small drain output conductance(g_(ds))lead to the largest f_(T),although the whole small gate recess moves toward the drain leads to the smaller g_(m_max).According to the small-signal modeling,the device with the whole small recess toward drain exhibits an excellent RF characteristics,such as f_(T)=372 GHz and f_(max)=394 GHz.This result is achieved by paying attention to adjust resistive and capacitive parasitics,which play a key role in high-frequency response.
文摘Biomedical data is surging due to technological innovations and integration of multidisciplinary data,posing challenges to data management.This article summarizes the policies,data collection efforts,platform construction,and applications of biomedical data in China,aiming to identify key issues and needs,enhance the capacity-building of platform construction,unleash the value of data,and leverage the advantages of China's vast amount of data.
文摘Amid the global wave of digital economy,China's medical artificial intelligence applications are rapidly advancing through technological innovation and policy support,while facing multifaceted evaluation and regulatory challenges.The dynamic algorithm evolution undermines the consistency of assessment criteria,multimodal systems lack unified evaluation metrics,and conflicts persist between data sharing and privacy protection.To address these issues,the China National Health Development Research Center has established a value assessment framework for artificial intelligence medical technologies,formulated the country's first technical guideline for clinical evaluation,and validated their practicality through scenario-based pilot studies.Furthermore,this paper proposes introducing a"regulatory sandbox"model to test technical compliance in controlled environments,thereby balancing innovation incentives with risk governance.
基金supported by the Peking University Baidu Fund (2019BD019)
文摘With the progress of aging,the incidence of vascular calcification(VC)gradually increases,which is correlated with cardiovascular events and all-cause death,aggravating global clinical burden.Over the past several decades,accumulating approaches targeting the underlying pathogenesis of VC have provided some possibilities for the treatment of VC.Unfortunately,none of the current interventions have achieved clinical effectiveness on reversing or curing VC.The purpose of this review is to make a summary of novel perspectives on the interventions of VC and provide reference for clinical decision-making.
文摘While three-dimensional perovskites have high defect tolerance and an adjustable bandgap,their charges tend to be free rather than forming excitons,making them unsuitable for use in efficient light-emitting diodes(LEDs).Rather,quasi-two-dimensional(Q-2D)perovskites offer high photoluminescence quantum yield along with the advantages of bulk perovskites,making them ideal for high-performance LEDs.In Q-2D perovskites,the structure(which includes factors like crystal orientation,phase distribution,and layer thickness)directly influences how excitons and charge carriers behave within the material.Growth control techniques,such as varying the synthesis conditions or employing methods,allow for fine-tuning the structural characteristics of these materials,which in turn affect exciton dynamics and charge transport.This review starts with a description of the basic properties of Q-2D perovskites,examines crystal growth in solution,explains how structure affects energy transfer behavior,and concludes with future directions for Q-2D perovskite LEDs.By understanding and optimizing the structure-dependent behavior,researchers can better control exciton dynamics and charge transport,which are crucial for enhancing the performance of optoelectronic devices like solar cells and LEDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072226,U22A20144)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2024GX-YBXM-466)+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Xi'an,China(22GXFW0013)Science and Technology Program of Weiyang District of Xi'an,China(202315)。
文摘Designing highly efficient Pt-free electrocatalysts with low overpotential for an alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)remains a significant challenge.Here,a novel and efficient cobalt(Co),ruthenium(Ru)bimetallic electrocatalyst composed of CoRu nanoalloy decorated on the N-doped carbon nanotubes(CoRu@N-CNTs),was prepared by reacting fullerenol with melamine via hydrothermal treatment and followed by pyrolysis.Benefiting from the electronic communication between Co and Ru sites,the as-obtained CoRu@N-CNTs catalyst exhibited superior electrocatalytic HER activity.To deliver a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2),it required an overpotential of merely 19 mV along with a Tafel slope of 26.19 mV·dec^(-1)in 1 mol·L^(-1)potassium hydroxide(KOH)solution,outperforming the benchmark Pt/C catalyst.The present work would pave a new way towards the design and construction of an efficient electrocatalyst for energy storage and conversion.
基金Supported by Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(22ZR1472600).
文摘The development of InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche photodiodes(SPADs)necessitates the utiliza-tion of a two-element diffusion technique to achieve accurate manipulation of the multiplication width and the dis-tribution of its electric field.Regarding the issue of accurately predicting the depth of diffusion in InGaAs/InP SPAD,simulation analysis and device development were carried out,focusing on the dual diffusion behavior of zinc atoms.A formula of X_(j)=k√t-t_(0)+c to quantitatively predict the diffusion depth is obtained by fitting the simulated twice-diffusion depths based on a two-dimensional(2D)model.The 2D impurity morphologies and the one-dimensional impurity profiles for the dual-diffused region are characterized by using scanning electron micros-copy and secondary ion mass spectrometry as a function of the diffusion depth,respectively.InGaAs/InP SPAD devices with different dual-diffusion conditions are also fabricated,which show breakdown behaviors well consis-tent with the simulated results under the same junction geometries.The dark count rate(DCR)of the device de-creased as the multiplication width increased,as indicated by the results.DCRs of 2×10^(6),1×10^(5),4×10^(4),and 2×10^(4) were achieved at temperatures of 300 K,273 K,263 K,and 253 K,respectively,with a bias voltage of 3 V,when the multiplication width was 1.5µm.These results demonstrate an effective prediction route for accu-rately controlling the dual-diffused zinc junction geometry in InP-based planar device processing.
文摘Approximately 40% of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma(PPGL) cases are familial, typically presenting earlier with more complex symptoms. This paper synthesizes literature and guidelines to inform on clinical characteristics and perioperative care for PPGL. Pheochromocytoma in von Hippel-Lindau(VHL) disease exhibits heightened secretion activity without significant perioperative hemodynamic changes. Tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2) have a stronger endocrine function, which may induce hemodynamic fluctuations during surgery. Therefore, pheochromocytoma screening is essential at all stages of MEN2. Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) often presents multisystem lesions and can result in difficult airway. Pheochromocytoma should be evaluated when NF1 patients present hypertension. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma type 5 may present multiple lesions of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. In summary, hereditary PPGLs may present with severe lesions in other systems, beyond tumor function. A multi-disciplinary team(MDT) approach is often invaluable in perioperative management.
文摘Microglia,originating from primitive macrophages in the yolk sac,serves as both immune system defenders and regulators of homeostasis.These cells exhibit two primary polarization states:conventionally activated(M1)and alternatively activated(M2).The polarization of microglia plays a crucial role in influencing inflammatory disorders,metabolic imbalances,and neural degeneration.This process is implicated in various aspects of ocular diseases,especially age-related macular degeneration(AMD),including inflammation,oxidative stress and pathological angiogenesis.The distinct functional phenotypes of microglia impact disease progression and prognosis.Thus,regulating the polarization or functional phenotype of microglia at different stages of AMD holds promise for personalized therapeutic approaches.This comprehensive review outlines the involvement of microglia polarization in both physiological and pathological conditions,emphasizing its relevance in AMD.The discussion underscores the potential of polarization as a foundation for personalized treatment strategies for AMD.
基金support from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences(1R35G M147172-01).
文摘Nanopipette based scanning probe technique is a versatile tool in non-contact imaging in biology.In addition to the topographic imaging,its capability of localized delivery of bio-active molecules is emerging.In this mini review,we introduce the applications of nanopipette in single-cell researches with a focus on localized delivery.The working principles of three delivery modes including resistive pulse,pressure-driven flow,and electroosmotic flow-driven delivery are summarized and compared.Their applications in single-cell researches are reviewed.The current technical challenges in scanning ion conductance microscopy-based delivery,and their growing influence in medicine and pharmacologic researches are also discussed.
文摘In response to the complex composition,scattered data storage,and differences in management levels of manufacturing resources in the production site of complex products,the research and application of digital technology for perception and control of manufacturing resources in the production site of complex products are of great significance for accelerating the digital transformation and upgrading of complex product manufacturing enterprises.Firstly,focusing on the problems of single element of local management,high cost of heterogeneous integration of multiple data sources,and the difficulty in cleaning up the global status of manufacturing resources in the production site of complex products,basic requirements and core requirements of enterprises for global management and control of manufacturing resources in the production site are deeply analyzed.Secondly,the indicators and data sources of different manufacturing resources that managers at different levels are concerned about are analyzed,providing guidance for refined management.Thirdly,a reference architecture of the manufacturing resource management and control platform for the production site of complex products is proposed,supporting access,integration,and global unified management of manufacturing resource information through the access strategy,data,basic component,and APP layers.Finally,the feasibility,effectiveness,and practicality of the architecture are verified through practical cases,aiming to provide a reference for the manufacturing resource management of complex product manufacturing enterprises.
基金supported by the Chi‑nese Special Research Project for Civil Aircraft(No.MJZ1-7N22)the National Natural Science Foundation of Chi‑na(No.U2133207).
文摘Safety is the cornerstone of the civil aviation industry and the enduring focus of civil aviation.This paper uses air traffic complexity and potential aircraft conflict relationships as entry points to study the operational safety level of terminal area flight flows and proposes a deep learning-based method for safety situation awareness in terminal area aircraft operations.Firstly,a more comprehensive and precise safety situation assessment features are constructed.Secondly,a deep clustering situation recognition model with added safety situation information capture layer is proposed.Finally,a spatiotemporal graph convolutional neural network based on attention mechanism is constructed for predicting safety situations.Experimental results from a real dataset show that:(1)The proposed model surpasses traditional models across all evaluated dimensions;(2)the recognition model ensures that the encoded features capture distinctive safety situation information,thereby enhancing model interpretability and task alignment;(3)the prediction model demonstrates superior integrated modeling capabilities in both spatial and temporal dimensions.Ultimately,this paper elucidates the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of air traffic safety situation levels,offering valuable insights for air traffic safety management.
文摘This paper introduces an innovative approach to the synchronized demand-capacity balance with special focus on sector capacity uncertainty within a centrally controlled collaborative air traffic flow management(ATFM)framework.Further with previous study,the uncertainty in capacity is considered as a non-negligible issue regarding multiple reasons,like the impact of weather,the strike of air traffic controllers(ATCOs),the military use of airspace and the spatiotemporal distribution of nonscheduled flights,etc.These recessive factors affect the outcome of traffic flow optimization.In this research,the focus is placed on the impact of sector capacity uncertainty on demand and capacity balancing(DCB)optimization and ATFM,and multiple options,such as delay assignment and rerouting,are intended for regulating the traffic flow.A scenario optimization method for sector capacity in the presence of uncertainties is used to find the approximately optimal solution.The results show that the proposed approach can achieve better demand and capacity balancing and determine perfect integer solutions to ATFM problems,solving large-scale instances(24 h on seven capacity scenarios,with 6255 flights and 8949 trajectories)in 5-15 min.To the best of our knowledge,our experiment is the first to tackle large-scale instances of stochastic ATFM problems within the collaborative ATFM framework.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALCAR)on cell viability,morphological integrity,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression in human retinal pigment epithelium(ARPE-19)cells using a hypoxic model.METHODS:In the first set of experiments,the optimal CoCl_(2) dose was determined by exposing ARPE-19 cell cultures to different concentrations.To evaluate the effect of ALCAR on cell viability,five groups of ARPE-19 cell culture were established that included a control group,a sham group(200μM CoCl_(2)),and groups that received 1,10 and 100 mM doses of ALCAR combined with 200μM CoCl_(2),respectively.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The morphological characteristics of cells were observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope.The levels of VEGF and HIF-1α secretion by ARPE-19 cells were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)assay.RESULTS:ARPE-19 cells were exposed to different doses of CoCl_(2) in order to create a hypoxia model.Nevertheless,when exposed to a concentration of 200μM CoCl_(2),a notable decrease in viability to 83% was noted.ALCAR was found to increase the cell viability at 1 mM and 10 mM concentrations,while the highest concentration(100 mM)did not have an added effect.The cell viability was found to be significantly higher in the groups treated with a concentration of 1 mM and 10 mM ALCAR compared to the Sham group(P=0.041,P=0.019,respectively).The cell viability and morphology remained unaffected by the greatest dose of ALCAR(100 mM).The administration of 10 mM ALCAR demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the levels of VEGF and HIF-1α compared with the Sham group(P=0.013,P=0.033,respectively).CONCLUSION:The findings from the current study indicate that ALCAR could represent a viable therapeutic option with the potential to open up novel treatment pathways for retinal diseases,particular relevance for age-related macular degeneration(AMD).However,to fully elucidate ALCAR’s application potential in retinal diseases,additional investigation is necessary to clearly define the exact mechanisms involved.
