The impact of extreme temperatures on the health of individuals in different organizations remains uncertain.We employed stratified analyses to examine the impacts of summer(April-September)daily maximum temperatures ...The impact of extreme temperatures on the health of individuals in different organizations remains uncertain.We employed stratified analyses to examine the impacts of summer(April-September)daily maximum temperatures and winter(October-March)daily minimum temperatures on blood pressure and lipid profiles across government staff,com-pany employees,and researchers.We examined 209,477 physical examination records from a physical examination center in the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC from 2017 to 2021.Employing a segmented regression model within the frame-work of generalized linear regression(GLM),we examined the causal impact of extreme temperatures on health outcomes.Additionally,sensitivity analyses were conducted via distributed lag nonlinear models(DLNMs),with a focus on ob-serving the long-term effects over a period of 21 days.Our findings indicate that government staff face increased health risks during extremely low temperatures,regardless of the season.Compared with participants experiencing median tem-peratures,government staff exposed to extremely low temperatures(below the 10th percentile,below 24℃)in the sum-mer presented maximum increases of 2.32 mmHg(95%CI:1.542-3.098)in diastolic blood pressure and 6.481 mmHg(95%CI:5.368-7.594)in systolic blood pressure.In winter,government staff exposed to temperatures below the 10th per-centile(below 1℃)demonstrated maximum increases of 0.278 mmol/L(95%CI:0.210-0.346)in total cholesterol,0.153 mmol/L(95%CI:0.032-0.274)in triglycerides,and 0.077 mmol/L(95%CI:0.192-0.134)in low-density lipoprotein.Conversely,warm winters benefit company employees,whereas researchers exhibit lower sensitivity to temperature changes in winter.The maximum temperatures in summer and minimum temperatures in winter had greater impacts on in-dividuals.Small temperature fluctuations impact health more than large changes do.Notably,both the maximum and min-imum temperatures were better predictors of health outcomes than the daily average temperature was.Blood pressure con-sistently displayed significant associations with temperature across all three groups,with extremely low temperatures in-creasing the risk and extremely high temperatures reducing it.However,the relationship between temperature and blood lipids is complex.展开更多
To meet the challenge of mismatches between power supply and demand,modern buildings must schedule flexible energy loads in order to improve the efficiency of power grids.Furthermore,it is essential to understand the ...To meet the challenge of mismatches between power supply and demand,modern buildings must schedule flexible energy loads in order to improve the efficiency of power grids.Furthermore,it is essential to understand the effectiveness of flexibility management strategies under different climate conditions and extreme weather events.Using both typical and extreme weather data from cities in five major climate zones of China,this study investigates the energy flexibility potential of an office building under three short-term HVAC management strategies in the context of different climates.The results show that the peak load flexibility and overall energy performance of the three short-term strategies were affected by the surrounding climate conditions.The peak load reduction rate of the pre-cooling and zone temperature reset strategies declined linearly as outdoor temperature increased.Under extreme climate conditions,the daily peak-load time was found to be over two hours earlier than under typical conditions,and the intensive solar radiation found in the extreme conditions can weaken the correlation between peak load reduction and outdoor temperature,risking the ability of a building’s HVAC system to maintain a comfortable indoor environment.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce and prove three analytic results related to uniform convergence,properties of Newtonian potential,and convergence of sequences in Sobolev space constrained by their Laplacian.Then,utilizing ...In this paper,we introduce and prove three analytic results related to uniform convergence,properties of Newtonian potential,and convergence of sequences in Sobolev space constrained by their Laplacian.Then,utilizing our analytic results,we develop a complete proof of a crucial estimate appearing in the results of Guofang Wang and Xiaohua Zhu,which states the classification of extremal Hermitian metrics with finite energy and area on compact Riemann surfaces and finite singularities satisfying small singular angles.展开更多
A fast encoding algorithm based on the mean square error （MSE） distortion for vector quantization is introduced. The vector, which is effectively constructed with wavelet transform （WT） coefficients of images, can...A fast encoding algorithm based on the mean square error （MSE） distortion for vector quantization is introduced. The vector, which is effectively constructed with wavelet transform （WT） coefficients of images, can simplify the realization of the non-linear interpolated vector quantization （NLIVQ） technique and make the partial distance search （PDS） algorithm more efficient. Utilizing the relationship of vector L2-norm and its Euclidean distance, some conditions of eliminating unnecessary codewords are obtained. Further, using inequality constructed by the subvector L2-norm, more unnecessary codewords are eliminated. During the search process for code, mostly unlikely codewords can be rejected by the proposed algorithm combined with the non-linear interpolated vector quantization technique and the partial distance search technique. The experimental results show that the reduction of computation is outstanding in the encoding time and complexity against the full search method.展开更多
In order to optionally regulate embedding capacity and embedding transparency according to user's requirements in voice-over-IP(VoIP) steganography,a dynamic matrix encoding strategy(DMES) was presented.Differing ...In order to optionally regulate embedding capacity and embedding transparency according to user's requirements in voice-over-IP(VoIP) steganography,a dynamic matrix encoding strategy(DMES) was presented.Differing from the traditional matrix encoding strategy,DMES dynamically chose the size of each message group in a given set of adoptable message sizes.The appearance possibilities of all adoptable sizes were set in accordance with the desired embedding performance(embedding rate or bit-change rate).Accordingly,a searching algorithm that could provide an optimal combination of appearance possibilities was proposed.Furthermore,the roulette wheel algorithm was employed to determine the size of each message group according to the optimal combination of appearance possibilities.The effectiveness of DMES was evaluated in StegVoIP,which is a typical covert communication system based on VoIP.The experimental results demonstrate that DMES can adjust embedding capacity and embedding transparency effectively and flexibly,and achieve the desired embedding performance in any case.For the desired embedding rate,the average errors are not more than 0.000 8,and the standard deviations are not more than 0.002 0;for the desired bit-change rate,the average errors are not more than 0.001 4,and the standard deviations are not more than 0.002 6.展开更多
Oncolysate, a debris of tumor cells, has been provento be effective in tumor active immunotherapy, it wasreported that the vaccinia virus, especially recombinantvaccinia viruses encoding human IL-2 (rVV-IL-2 ),enhance...Oncolysate, a debris of tumor cells, has been provento be effective in tumor active immunotherapy, it wasreported that the vaccinia virus, especially recombinantvaccinia viruses encoding human IL-2 (rVV-IL-2 ),enhanced the immunogenicity of transfected tumor cells.In this experiment, the murine melanoma cell B16-F10oncolysates trans fected by rVV-IL-2 (IL-2VBO) wereused as vaccine. The IL-2VBO or TK-VBO was preparedby incubating B16-F10 cells with rVV-IL-2 or rVV-TK展开更多
Fountain codes are considered to be a promising coding technique in underwater acoustic communication（UAC） which is challenged with the unique propagation features of the underwater acoustic channel and the harsh ma...Fountain codes are considered to be a promising coding technique in underwater acoustic communication（UAC） which is challenged with the unique propagation features of the underwater acoustic channel and the harsh marine environment. And Luby transform（LT） codes are the first codes fully realizing the digital fountain concept. However, in conventional LT encoding/decoding algorithms, due to the imperfect coverage（IC） of input symbols and short cycles in the generator matrix, stopping sets would occur and terminate the decoding. Thus, the recovery probability is reduced,high coding overhead is required and decoding delay is increased.These issues would be disadvantages while applying LT codes in underwater acoustic communication. Aimed at solving those issues, novel encoding/decoding algorithms are proposed. First,a doping and non-uniform selecting（DNS） encoding algorithm is proposed to solve the IC and the generation of short cycles problems. And this can reduce the probability of stopping sets occur during decoding. Second, a hybrid on the fly Gaussian elimination and belief propagation（OFG-BP） decoding algorithm is designed to reduce the decoding delay and efficiently utilize the information of stopping sets. Comparisons via Monte Carlo simulation confirm that the proposed schemes could achieve better overall decoding performances in comparison with conventional schemes.展开更多
A predicted tau glutathione S-transferase(GST) subunit encoding gene,named GhGST,was isolated from Gossypium hirsutum with RACE method from SSH library based on Verticillium
Direct gene transfer into somatic tissue in vivo is adeveloping technology with potential application forcancer gene therapy. Retrovirus vector, which was aneffective vehicle, still has some disadvantages ingenerating...Direct gene transfer into somatic tissue in vivo is adeveloping technology with potential application forcancer gene therapy. Retrovirus vector, which was aneffective vehicle, still has some disadvantages ingenerating high titer recombinant vectors andmanipulating to mediate in viro gene transfer. In thispaper, recombinant vaccinia virus vector encoding展开更多
We have constructed three recombinantadenoviruses encoding RA538, p53 or p16 respec-tively. These recombinant adenoviruses are able toexpress RA538, p53 or p16 in infected human cancercells. The transduction efficienc...We have constructed three recombinantadenoviruses encoding RA538, p53 or p16 respec-tively. These recombinant adenoviruses are able toexpress RA538, p53 or p16 in infected human cancercells. The transduction efficiency assay showed thatthe infected cancer cells inoculated with theserecombinant adenoviruses at MOI of 25 or greaterexhibited 100% transduction efficiency. The growthrates and colony formation of cancer cells infectedwith these recombinant adenoviruses were展开更多
To improve the error correction performance, an innovative encoding structure with tail-biting for spinal codes is designed. Furthermore, an adaptive forward stack decoding(A-FSD) algorithm with lower complexity for s...To improve the error correction performance, an innovative encoding structure with tail-biting for spinal codes is designed. Furthermore, an adaptive forward stack decoding(A-FSD) algorithm with lower complexity for spinal codes is proposed. In the A-FSD algorithm, a flexible threshold parameter is set by a variable channel state to narrow the scale of nodes accessed. On this basis, a new decoding method of AFSD with early termination(AFSD-ET) is further proposed. The AFSD-ET decoder not only has the ability of dynamically modifying the number of stored nodes, but also adopts the early termination criterion to curtail complexity. The complexity and related parameters are verified through a series of simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed spinal codes with tail-biting and the AFSD-ET decoding algorithms can reduce the complexity and improve the decoding rate without sacrificing correct decoding performance.展开更多
Plants have developed a complicated defense mechanism during evolution to resist the harmful pathogens they encountered.The mechanism involves the interaction of the plant resistance(R)
The linear encoding of a quadtree is an efficient way to represent the quadtree. In this paper, an improved linear quadtree, a cell linear quadtree, is proposed, in which its redundant storage is eliminated and the co...The linear encoding of a quadtree is an efficient way to represent the quadtree. In this paper, an improved linear quadtree, a cell linear quadtree, is proposed, in which its redundant storage is eliminated and the concept of a cell is introduced. Therefore, it has higher storage efficiency than a conventional linear quadtree.展开更多
In this study, the influence of opening parameters on the ultimate strength of perforated plates subjected to extreme cyclic loading in the presence of material kinematic hardening and isotro pic hardening was analyze...In this study, the influence of opening parameters on the ultimate strength of perforated plates subjected to extreme cyclic loading in the presence of material kinematic hardening and isotro pic hardening was analyzed. It is found that the ultimate strength of the perforated plates decreases rapidly and stabilizes in the first four cycles. Plates with oblong openings have a greater ultimate strength compared to plates with rectangular openings, while the relative strengthening ratio decreases over the duration of the cycle. The location of the openings is also an important parameter that affects the strength of the structure, as the plates with openings close to the edges in the longitudinal direction have higher strengths, while in the transverse direction the strengths are higher when the openings are close to the center. Among the three opening-strengthening methods compared, the Carling stiffener method maintains a better strengthening effect under cyclic loads for many periods.展开更多
Solder joint,crucial component in electronic systems,face significant challenges when exposed to extreme conditions during applications.The solder joint reliability involving microstructure and mechanical properties w...Solder joint,crucial component in electronic systems,face significant challenges when exposed to extreme conditions during applications.The solder joint reliability involving microstructure and mechanical properties will be affected by extreme conditions.Understanding the behaviour of solder joints under extreme conditions is vital to determine the durability and reliability of solder joint.This review paper aims to comprehensively explore the underlying failure mechanism affecting solder joint reliability under extreme conditions.This study covers an in-depth analysis of effect extreme temperature,mechanical stress,and radiation conditions towards solder joint.Impact of each condition to the microstructure including solder matrix and intermetallic compound layer,and mechanical properties such as fatigue,shear strength,creep,and hardness was thoroughly discussed.The failure mechanisms were illustrated in graphical diagrams to ensure clarity and understanding.Furthermore,the paper highlighted mitigation strategies that enhancing solder joint reliability under challenging operating conditions.The findings offer valuable guidance for researchers,engineers,and practitioners involved in electronics,engineering,and related fields,fostering advancements in solder joint reliability and performance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72072169)the Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities(YD2040002015).
文摘The impact of extreme temperatures on the health of individuals in different organizations remains uncertain.We employed stratified analyses to examine the impacts of summer(April-September)daily maximum temperatures and winter(October-March)daily minimum temperatures on blood pressure and lipid profiles across government staff,com-pany employees,and researchers.We examined 209,477 physical examination records from a physical examination center in the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC from 2017 to 2021.Employing a segmented regression model within the frame-work of generalized linear regression(GLM),we examined the causal impact of extreme temperatures on health outcomes.Additionally,sensitivity analyses were conducted via distributed lag nonlinear models(DLNMs),with a focus on ob-serving the long-term effects over a period of 21 days.Our findings indicate that government staff face increased health risks during extremely low temperatures,regardless of the season.Compared with participants experiencing median tem-peratures,government staff exposed to extremely low temperatures(below the 10th percentile,below 24℃)in the sum-mer presented maximum increases of 2.32 mmHg(95%CI:1.542-3.098)in diastolic blood pressure and 6.481 mmHg(95%CI:5.368-7.594)in systolic blood pressure.In winter,government staff exposed to temperatures below the 10th per-centile(below 1℃)demonstrated maximum increases of 0.278 mmol/L(95%CI:0.210-0.346)in total cholesterol,0.153 mmol/L(95%CI:0.032-0.274)in triglycerides,and 0.077 mmol/L(95%CI:0.192-0.134)in low-density lipoprotein.Conversely,warm winters benefit company employees,whereas researchers exhibit lower sensitivity to temperature changes in winter.The maximum temperatures in summer and minimum temperatures in winter had greater impacts on in-dividuals.Small temperature fluctuations impact health more than large changes do.Notably,both the maximum and min-imum temperatures were better predictors of health outcomes than the daily average temperature was.Blood pressure con-sistently displayed significant associations with temperature across all three groups,with extremely low temperatures in-creasing the risk and extremely high temperatures reducing it.However,the relationship between temperature and blood lipids is complex.
基金National Key R&D Program of China of the 13th Five-Year Plan(No.2018YFD1100704)。
文摘To meet the challenge of mismatches between power supply and demand,modern buildings must schedule flexible energy loads in order to improve the efficiency of power grids.Furthermore,it is essential to understand the effectiveness of flexibility management strategies under different climate conditions and extreme weather events.Using both typical and extreme weather data from cities in five major climate zones of China,this study investigates the energy flexibility potential of an office building under three short-term HVAC management strategies in the context of different climates.The results show that the peak load flexibility and overall energy performance of the three short-term strategies were affected by the surrounding climate conditions.The peak load reduction rate of the pre-cooling and zone temperature reset strategies declined linearly as outdoor temperature increased.Under extreme climate conditions,the daily peak-load time was found to be over two hours earlier than under typical conditions,and the intensive solar radiation found in the extreme conditions can weaken the correlation between peak load reduction and outdoor temperature,risking the ability of a building’s HVAC system to maintain a comfortable indoor environment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11971450)partially supported by the Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field,CAS(YSBR-001)。
文摘In this paper,we introduce and prove three analytic results related to uniform convergence,properties of Newtonian potential,and convergence of sequences in Sobolev space constrained by their Laplacian.Then,utilizing our analytic results,we develop a complete proof of a crucial estimate appearing in the results of Guofang Wang and Xiaohua Zhu,which states the classification of extremal Hermitian metrics with finite energy and area on compact Riemann surfaces and finite singularities satisfying small singular angles.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60602057)the NaturalScience Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (2006BB2373).
文摘A fast encoding algorithm based on the mean square error （MSE） distortion for vector quantization is introduced. The vector, which is effectively constructed with wavelet transform （WT） coefficients of images, can simplify the realization of the non-linear interpolated vector quantization （NLIVQ） technique and make the partial distance search （PDS） algorithm more efficient. Utilizing the relationship of vector L2-norm and its Euclidean distance, some conditions of eliminating unnecessary codewords are obtained. Further, using inequality constructed by the subvector L2-norm, more unnecessary codewords are eliminated. During the search process for code, mostly unlikely codewords can be rejected by the proposed algorithm combined with the non-linear interpolated vector quantization technique and the partial distance search technique. The experimental results show that the reduction of computation is outstanding in the encoding time and complexity against the full search method.
基金Project(2009AA01A402) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(NCET-06-0650) supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University Project(IRT-0725) supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Chinese University
文摘In order to optionally regulate embedding capacity and embedding transparency according to user's requirements in voice-over-IP(VoIP) steganography,a dynamic matrix encoding strategy(DMES) was presented.Differing from the traditional matrix encoding strategy,DMES dynamically chose the size of each message group in a given set of adoptable message sizes.The appearance possibilities of all adoptable sizes were set in accordance with the desired embedding performance(embedding rate or bit-change rate).Accordingly,a searching algorithm that could provide an optimal combination of appearance possibilities was proposed.Furthermore,the roulette wheel algorithm was employed to determine the size of each message group according to the optimal combination of appearance possibilities.The effectiveness of DMES was evaluated in StegVoIP,which is a typical covert communication system based on VoIP.The experimental results demonstrate that DMES can adjust embedding capacity and embedding transparency effectively and flexibly,and achieve the desired embedding performance in any case.For the desired embedding rate,the average errors are not more than 0.000 8,and the standard deviations are not more than 0.002 0;for the desired bit-change rate,the average errors are not more than 0.001 4,and the standard deviations are not more than 0.002 6.
文摘Oncolysate, a debris of tumor cells, has been provento be effective in tumor active immunotherapy, it wasreported that the vaccinia virus, especially recombinantvaccinia viruses encoding human IL-2 (rVV-IL-2 ),enhanced the immunogenicity of transfected tumor cells.In this experiment, the murine melanoma cell B16-F10oncolysates trans fected by rVV-IL-2 (IL-2VBO) wereused as vaccine. The IL-2VBO or TK-VBO was preparedby incubating B16-F10 cells with rVV-IL-2 or rVV-TK
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61371099)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(HEUCF150812/150810)
文摘Fountain codes are considered to be a promising coding technique in underwater acoustic communication（UAC） which is challenged with the unique propagation features of the underwater acoustic channel and the harsh marine environment. And Luby transform（LT） codes are the first codes fully realizing the digital fountain concept. However, in conventional LT encoding/decoding algorithms, due to the imperfect coverage（IC） of input symbols and short cycles in the generator matrix, stopping sets would occur and terminate the decoding. Thus, the recovery probability is reduced,high coding overhead is required and decoding delay is increased.These issues would be disadvantages while applying LT codes in underwater acoustic communication. Aimed at solving those issues, novel encoding/decoding algorithms are proposed. First,a doping and non-uniform selecting（DNS） encoding algorithm is proposed to solve the IC and the generation of short cycles problems. And this can reduce the probability of stopping sets occur during decoding. Second, a hybrid on the fly Gaussian elimination and belief propagation（OFG-BP） decoding algorithm is designed to reduce the decoding delay and efficiently utilize the information of stopping sets. Comparisons via Monte Carlo simulation confirm that the proposed schemes could achieve better overall decoding performances in comparison with conventional schemes.
文摘A predicted tau glutathione S-transferase(GST) subunit encoding gene,named GhGST,was isolated from Gossypium hirsutum with RACE method from SSH library based on Verticillium
文摘Direct gene transfer into somatic tissue in vivo is adeveloping technology with potential application forcancer gene therapy. Retrovirus vector, which was aneffective vehicle, still has some disadvantages ingenerating high titer recombinant vectors andmanipulating to mediate in viro gene transfer. In thispaper, recombinant vaccinia virus vector encoding
文摘We have constructed three recombinantadenoviruses encoding RA538, p53 or p16 respec-tively. These recombinant adenoviruses are able toexpress RA538, p53 or p16 in infected human cancercells. The transduction efficiency assay showed thatthe infected cancer cells inoculated with theserecombinant adenoviruses at MOI of 25 or greaterexhibited 100% transduction efficiency. The growthrates and colony formation of cancer cells infectedwith these recombinant adenoviruses were
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61701020)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Foundation of Shunde Graduate School,USTB (BK19BF009)。
文摘To improve the error correction performance, an innovative encoding structure with tail-biting for spinal codes is designed. Furthermore, an adaptive forward stack decoding(A-FSD) algorithm with lower complexity for spinal codes is proposed. In the A-FSD algorithm, a flexible threshold parameter is set by a variable channel state to narrow the scale of nodes accessed. On this basis, a new decoding method of AFSD with early termination(AFSD-ET) is further proposed. The AFSD-ET decoder not only has the ability of dynamically modifying the number of stored nodes, but also adopts the early termination criterion to curtail complexity. The complexity and related parameters are verified through a series of simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed spinal codes with tail-biting and the AFSD-ET decoding algorithms can reduce the complexity and improve the decoding rate without sacrificing correct decoding performance.
文摘Plants have developed a complicated defense mechanism during evolution to resist the harmful pathogens they encountered.The mechanism involves the interaction of the plant resistance(R)
文摘The linear encoding of a quadtree is an efficient way to represent the quadtree. In this paper, an improved linear quadtree, a cell linear quadtree, is proposed, in which its redundant storage is eliminated and the concept of a cell is introduced. Therefore, it has higher storage efficiency than a conventional linear quadtree.
文摘In this study, the influence of opening parameters on the ultimate strength of perforated plates subjected to extreme cyclic loading in the presence of material kinematic hardening and isotro pic hardening was analyzed. It is found that the ultimate strength of the perforated plates decreases rapidly and stabilizes in the first four cycles. Plates with oblong openings have a greater ultimate strength compared to plates with rectangular openings, while the relative strengthening ratio decreases over the duration of the cycle. The location of the openings is also an important parameter that affects the strength of the structure, as the plates with openings close to the edges in the longitudinal direction have higher strengths, while in the transverse direction the strengths are higher when the openings are close to the center. Among the three opening-strengthening methods compared, the Carling stiffener method maintains a better strengthening effect under cyclic loads for many periods.
基金fully supported by a Tabung Amanah Pusat Pengurusan Penyelidikan&Inovasi(PPPI)(Grant No.PS060-UPNM/2023/GPPP/SG/1)Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia(UPNM)for funding this study。
文摘Solder joint,crucial component in electronic systems,face significant challenges when exposed to extreme conditions during applications.The solder joint reliability involving microstructure and mechanical properties will be affected by extreme conditions.Understanding the behaviour of solder joints under extreme conditions is vital to determine the durability and reliability of solder joint.This review paper aims to comprehensively explore the underlying failure mechanism affecting solder joint reliability under extreme conditions.This study covers an in-depth analysis of effect extreme temperature,mechanical stress,and radiation conditions towards solder joint.Impact of each condition to the microstructure including solder matrix and intermetallic compound layer,and mechanical properties such as fatigue,shear strength,creep,and hardness was thoroughly discussed.The failure mechanisms were illustrated in graphical diagrams to ensure clarity and understanding.Furthermore,the paper highlighted mitigation strategies that enhancing solder joint reliability under challenging operating conditions.The findings offer valuable guidance for researchers,engineers,and practitioners involved in electronics,engineering,and related fields,fostering advancements in solder joint reliability and performance.
