Nowadays an increasing number of workflow products and research prototypes begin to adopt XML for representing workflow models owing to its easy use and well understanding for people and machines. However, most of wor...Nowadays an increasing number of workflow products and research prototypes begin to adopt XML for representing workflow models owing to its easy use and well understanding for people and machines. However, most of workflow products and research prototypes provide the few supports for the verification of XML-based workflow model, such as free-deadlock properties, which is essential to successful application of workflow technology. In this paper, we tackle this problem by mapping the XML-based workflow model into Petri-net, a kind of well-known formalism for modeling, analyzing and verifying system. As a result, the XML-based workflow model can be automatically verified with the help of general Petri-net tools, such as DANAMICS. The presented approach not only enables end users to represent workflow model with XML-based modeling language, but also the correctness of model can be ensured, thus satisfying the needs of business processes.展开更多
近年来,大语言模型(large language model,LLM)(以下简称“大模型”)的流行在众多领域带来了重大影响,特别是它们的开放式生态系统,如应用程序接口、开源模型和插件.然而,尽管大模型已经广泛部署,对其潜在风险进行深入讨论与分析的研究...近年来,大语言模型(large language model,LLM)(以下简称“大模型”)的流行在众多领域带来了重大影响,特别是它们的开放式生态系统,如应用程序接口、开源模型和插件.然而,尽管大模型已经广泛部署,对其潜在风险进行深入讨论与分析的研究仍然普遍缺乏.在这种情况下,针对大模型系统的鲁棒性、一致性和可信性进行一项初步但具有开创性的研究.由于大模型时代的许多文献都尚未被实证,提出了一个自动化的工作流,用以应对不断增长的查询和响应.总体而言,对包括ChatGPT,LLaMA,OPT在内的主流大模型进行了100多万次查询.工作流程的核心是一个数据原语,然后是一个自动解释器,它在不同的对抗性度量系统下评估这些大模型.最终,从这一主流社区中得出了几个十分不同寻常的结论(一定程度上不太乐观).简而言之,这些结论包括:1)用户生成的查询输入中的微小但不可避免的错误可能偶然地导致大模型的意外响应;2)大模型在处理语义相似的查询时具有较差的一致性.此外,还附带发现ChatGPT即使在输入受到极端污染的情况下仍然能够产生正确的答案.这一现象虽然表明了大模型的强大记忆力,但也引发了人们对在学术发展中使用大模型参与评估的严重关切.为了解决这一问题,提出了一个与数据集相关联的新指标,该指标大致决定了基于这些数据对大模型进行评估的可行性.最后进行了广泛的实证研究,以支持上述主张.展开更多
生成式预训练转换器(Generative pre-training transformer,GPT)和大型语言模型(Large language models,LLMs)的出现为医学领域带来了变革性应用。在中医药(Traditional Chinese medicine,TCM)领域,LLMs为解决临床工作流程效率低下和改...生成式预训练转换器(Generative pre-training transformer,GPT)和大型语言模型(Large language models,LLMs)的出现为医学领域带来了变革性应用。在中医药(Traditional Chinese medicine,TCM)领域,LLMs为解决临床工作流程效率低下和改善患者体验提供了独特的机会。然而,这些前景也伴随着挑战,包括数据质量、安全和隐私、虚假信息、伦理以及其他各种问题。本文系统阐述了LLMs在中医领域的应用以及其在改善中医诊疗服务、提升教学效能、优化医疗管理流程等方面的应用价值,并深入分析了实际落地过程中可能遇到的技术与伦理障碍。为确保LLMs在中医临床中的安全、公正应用,必须建立完善的保障机制。我们呼吁临床医师与研究人员共同应对挑战,在优化模型性能的同时有效管控风险,这将为中医药文化的传承与创新注入强劲动力。展开更多
Data-centric modeling approach for workflow specification and design has received considerable attention from research and development communities.An architecture for a workflow management system named EZFLOWS was out...Data-centric modeling approach for workflow specification and design has received considerable attention from research and development communities.An architecture for a workflow management system named EZFLOWS was outlined.Key components and research issues associated with the development of EZFLOWS were discussed.展开更多
企业在面临电子商务的挑战中,越来越重视业务过程重组.建立一种合理的流程模型是成功开展BPR(business process re-engineering)的关键.这样的模型应该可以集成企业许多业务相关的信息并且是可被系统解释执行的.在参考WfMC(workflow ...企业在面临电子商务的挑战中,越来越重视业务过程重组.建立一种合理的流程模型是成功开展BPR(business process re-engineering)的关键.这样的模型应该可以集成企业许多业务相关的信息并且是可被系统解释执行的.在参考WfMC(workflow management coalition)元模型基础上建立了一种基于ECA(event-condition-action)规则和活动分解的工作流模型.ECA规则反映活动之间的执行依赖关系,通过重写办法把ECA模型变为触发器形式的TA(trigger-action)模型,使模型的解析更高效,把事件重写为事件发生时间,使事件表达式具有更强的表达能力.活动分解的模型能很好地支持层次化项目管理.展开更多
文摘Nowadays an increasing number of workflow products and research prototypes begin to adopt XML for representing workflow models owing to its easy use and well understanding for people and machines. However, most of workflow products and research prototypes provide the few supports for the verification of XML-based workflow model, such as free-deadlock properties, which is essential to successful application of workflow technology. In this paper, we tackle this problem by mapping the XML-based workflow model into Petri-net, a kind of well-known formalism for modeling, analyzing and verifying system. As a result, the XML-based workflow model can be automatically verified with the help of general Petri-net tools, such as DANAMICS. The presented approach not only enables end users to represent workflow model with XML-based modeling language, but also the correctness of model can be ensured, thus satisfying the needs of business processes.
文摘近年来,大语言模型(large language model,LLM)(以下简称“大模型”)的流行在众多领域带来了重大影响,特别是它们的开放式生态系统,如应用程序接口、开源模型和插件.然而,尽管大模型已经广泛部署,对其潜在风险进行深入讨论与分析的研究仍然普遍缺乏.在这种情况下,针对大模型系统的鲁棒性、一致性和可信性进行一项初步但具有开创性的研究.由于大模型时代的许多文献都尚未被实证,提出了一个自动化的工作流,用以应对不断增长的查询和响应.总体而言,对包括ChatGPT,LLaMA,OPT在内的主流大模型进行了100多万次查询.工作流程的核心是一个数据原语,然后是一个自动解释器,它在不同的对抗性度量系统下评估这些大模型.最终,从这一主流社区中得出了几个十分不同寻常的结论(一定程度上不太乐观).简而言之,这些结论包括:1)用户生成的查询输入中的微小但不可避免的错误可能偶然地导致大模型的意外响应;2)大模型在处理语义相似的查询时具有较差的一致性.此外,还附带发现ChatGPT即使在输入受到极端污染的情况下仍然能够产生正确的答案.这一现象虽然表明了大模型的强大记忆力,但也引发了人们对在学术发展中使用大模型参与评估的严重关切.为了解决这一问题,提出了一个与数据集相关联的新指标,该指标大致决定了基于这些数据对大模型进行评估的可行性.最后进行了广泛的实证研究,以支持上述主张.
文摘生成式预训练转换器(Generative pre-training transformer,GPT)和大型语言模型(Large language models,LLMs)的出现为医学领域带来了变革性应用。在中医药(Traditional Chinese medicine,TCM)领域,LLMs为解决临床工作流程效率低下和改善患者体验提供了独特的机会。然而,这些前景也伴随着挑战,包括数据质量、安全和隐私、虚假信息、伦理以及其他各种问题。本文系统阐述了LLMs在中医领域的应用以及其在改善中医诊疗服务、提升教学效能、优化医疗管理流程等方面的应用价值,并深入分析了实际落地过程中可能遇到的技术与伦理障碍。为确保LLMs在中医临床中的安全、公正应用,必须建立完善的保障机制。我们呼吁临床医师与研究人员共同应对挑战,在优化模型性能的同时有效管控风险,这将为中医药文化的传承与创新注入强劲动力。
基金Project supported by the NSF(No.IIS-0812578),the Grant from IBM to UCSB,and the Grant from China Scholarship Council
文摘Data-centric modeling approach for workflow specification and design has received considerable attention from research and development communities.An architecture for a workflow management system named EZFLOWS was outlined.Key components and research issues associated with the development of EZFLOWS were discussed.
文摘企业在面临电子商务的挑战中,越来越重视业务过程重组.建立一种合理的流程模型是成功开展BPR(business process re-engineering)的关键.这样的模型应该可以集成企业许多业务相关的信息并且是可被系统解释执行的.在参考WfMC(workflow management coalition)元模型基础上建立了一种基于ECA(event-condition-action)规则和活动分解的工作流模型.ECA规则反映活动之间的执行依赖关系,通过重写办法把ECA模型变为触发器形式的TA(trigger-action)模型,使模型的解析更高效,把事件重写为事件发生时间,使事件表达式具有更强的表达能力.活动分解的模型能很好地支持层次化项目管理.