Typhoons are becoming frequent and intense with ongoing climate change,threatening ecological security and healthy forest development in coastal areas.Eucalyptus of a predominant introduced species in southern China,f...Typhoons are becoming frequent and intense with ongoing climate change,threatening ecological security and healthy forest development in coastal areas.Eucalyptus of a predominant introduced species in southern China,faces significant growth challenges because of typhoon.Therefore,it is vital to investigate the variation of related traits and select superior breeding materials for genetic improvement.Variance,genetic parameter,and correlation analyses were carried out on wind damage indices and eight wood proper-ties in 88 families from 11 provenances of 10-year-old Euca-lyptus camaldulensis.The selection index equation was used for evaluating multiple traits and selecting superior prov-enances and family lines as future breeding material.The results show that all traits were highly significantly differ-ent at provenance and family levels,with the wind damage index having the highest coefficient of genetic variation.The heritability of each trait ranged from 0.48 to 0.87,with the wind damage index,lignin and hemicellulose contents,and microfibril angle having the highest heritabilities.The wind damage index had a positive genetic correlation with wood density,a negative correlation with lignin content,a negative phenotypic correlation and a negative genetic correlation with microfibril angle.Wind damage index and genetic progress in the selection of eight wood traits varied from 7.2%to 614.8%.Three provenances and 12 superior families were selected.The genetic gains of the wind damage index were 10.2%and 33.9%for provenances and families,and these may be starting material for genetic modification for wind resistance in eucalyptus and for their dissemination to typhoon-prone coastal areas of southern China.展开更多
Totally 26 provenance stands of 17-year-old Korean pine were selected for investigating wood properties and growth characters in Mao抏rshan Experimental Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University in 1999. The anatom...Totally 26 provenance stands of 17-year-old Korean pine were selected for investigating wood properties and growth characters in Mao抏rshan Experimental Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University in 1999. The anatomical property indexes, including tracheid length, tracheid diameter and wall-indiameter ratio, and the physical property indexes, such as growth ring width, late wood percentage and growth ring density, were measured for wood properties. Growth character indexes, including tree height and diameter at breast height, were also measured. The analytical results showed that there exited obviously dif-ference in wood property indexes between different provenances, which is suggested that wood properties are controlled by their genetic differences. The growth character indexes of Korean pines presented significant difference and they might also be controlled by their genetic differences. Most parameters of wood properties mainly varied in the direction of longitude, but the parameters of growth characters varied in the direction of latitude.展开更多
Using 3-year-old culms of 8 provenances of Bambusa chungii from Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces, the indexes of wood properties, such as fiber dimensions and chemical composition were investigated and analyzed...Using 3-year-old culms of 8 provenances of Bambusa chungii from Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces, the indexes of wood properties, such as fiber dimensions and chemical composition were investigated and analyzed by the methods of Analysis of variance and correlation coefficient to reveal the geographic genetic variation situation. The results showed that there are significant differences between fiber length, fibrin and 1% NaOH extraction contents of B. chungii from 8 provenances; moreover, the fiber length and fiber length/width ratio had a decreasing change pattern with geographic variation from the south to the north in altitude (from high to low in elevation). The heritabilities for fibrin, fiber length, 1% NaOH extractive, lignin and fiber length/width ratio were 0.7, 0.84, 0.54, 0.38 and 0.13, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between 1% NaOH extraction, benzo-alcohol extraction contents and bamboo culm yield, whereas there was a significant positive correlation between fibrin contents and bamboo wood yield. Besides, a close correlation was detected between fiber dimensions indices and bamboo growth or bamboo wood yield. Finally, three provenances with high qualities and culm yield, i.e. Huaiji, Xinyi and Guilin, were selected as superior sources based on principal component analysis.展开更多
The microfibril angle of seven poplar clones was determined by using X-ray diffraction technique. Microfibril angle, wood basic density, fiber length, fiber width and cellulose content were assessed for every growth r...The microfibril angle of seven poplar clones was determined by using X-ray diffraction technique. Microfibril angle, wood basic density, fiber length, fiber width and cellulose content were assessed for every growth ring at breast height for all sample trees. Significant variation in microfibril angle was observed among growth rings. Mean microfibril angle (MFA) at breast height varied from 7.8?to 28?between growth rings with cambial age and showed a consistent pith-to-bark trend of decline an-gles. Analysis of variance also indicated that there were significant differences in wood basic density, fiber length, fiber width and cellulose content between the growth rings, which had an increasing tendency from pith to bark. Correlations between MFA and examined wood properties were predominantly large and significant negative (?0.01), and the coefficients were -0.660 for cellulose content, -0.586 for fiber length, -0.516 for fiber width and -0.450 for wood basic density, respectively. Regression analysis with linear and curve estimation indicated that a quadratic function showed the largest R2 and the least standard error for describing the relationships between microfibril angle and measured wood properties, and the correlation coefficients were over -0.45 (n=125). The results from this study suggested that microfibril angle would be a good characteristic for improvement in the future breeding program of poplars.展开更多
The growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree) and wood properties [wood density (WD), fiber length, fiber width, ash content (AC), lignin content, cellulose content, hemicell...The growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree) and wood properties [wood density (WD), fiber length, fiber width, ash content (AC), lignin content, cellulose content, hemicellulose content (HEC), and holocellulose content] of 208 26-year-old Larix olgensis clones were analyzed. Except for WD and AC, there were significant differences (p < 0.01) for all traits among clones. The phenotypic coefficient of variation and repeatability of all traits were 9.34-35.33% and 0.218-0.930, respectively. Tree height and diameter at breast height showed significant positive correlation; however, the correlation coefficients among growth characteristics and wood properties were mostly not significant. Ten clones (L70, L56, L82, L90, L59, L91, L61, L92, L86, and L64) were selected as excellent clones under a selection rate of 5%, using tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree as evaluation indexes, providing genetic gains of 28.69, 17.96, and 0.67%, respectively. Ten clones (L88, L305, L59, L66, L253, L304, L277, L298, L248, and L293) were selected as excellent clones using wood properties as an evaluation index, with a selection rate of 5%, providing genetic gains in WD, fiber length, fiber width, cellulose content, and HEC of 4.14, 3.64, 9.28, 6.77, and 9.61%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting excellent L. olgensis clones.展开更多
We assessed growth traits and wood properties ofDH32-29, a clone of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, at age of two to six years in Guangdong in China. Analysis of variance of studied traits showed that there were si...We assessed growth traits and wood properties ofDH32-29, a clone of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, at age of two to six years in Guangdong in China. Analysis of variance of studied traits showed that there were significant differences （1% level） on all studied traits among ages except for wood basic density. Analysis of age trends of growth traits and wood properties revealed that rotation length of DH32-29 should be more than six years or longer. Phenotypic correlations among traits at individual ages indicated that correlations between growth traits were strongly positive. There was significant change in relationship between growth and wood basic density with increasing age, ranging from -0.03 to -0.54 at 2 and 5 year and 0.003 to 0.3 at 3, 4 and 6 year. Correlations between Pilodyn pin penetration and basic density measured on increment cores showed that Pilodyn could rank or group genotypes or sites into density classes, but failure to predict individual tree and individual clone.展开更多
Coumarate 3-hydroxylase(C3h)genes participate in the synthesis of lignin and may affect the properties of wood that are important for its commercial value.A better understanding of the natural variation in C3h genes a...Coumarate 3-hydroxylase(C3h)genes participate in the synthesis of lignin and may affect the properties of wood that are important for its commercial value.A better understanding of the natural variation in C3h genes and their associations to wood properties is required to effectively improve wood quality.We used a candidate gene-based association mapping approach to identify CfC3h allelic variants associated with traits that affect the wood properties of Catalpa fargesii.We first isolated the full-length CfC3h cDNA(1825 bp),which was expressed at relatively high levels in xylem according to real time-polymerase chain reaction.In totally,17 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms(minor allele frequency>5%)were identified through cloning and sequencing the CfC3h locus from a mapping population(including 88 unrelated natural C.fargesii individuals collected from main distribution area).Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium(LD)in CfC3h indicate that CfC3h has low nucleotide diversity(π_(t)=0.0031 andθ_(w)=0.0103)and relatively low LD(within 1800 bp;r^(2)≥0.1).An association analysis identified eight common single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(false discovery rate,Q<0.10)and ten haplotypes(Q<0.10)associated with wood properties,explaining 4.92-12.09%of the phenotypic variance in an association population consisted of 125 unrelated natural individuals(The 88 individuals from the mapping population were comprised in the association population).Our study would provide new insight into C3h gene affecting wood quality,and the SNP markers identified would have potential applications in marker-assisted breeding in the future.展开更多
Larix olgensis,one of the most important timber species in northeastern China,is used for paper making and construction.In this study,10 wood properties(wood density,fiber length,fiber width,fiber length-to width rati...Larix olgensis,one of the most important timber species in northeastern China,is used for paper making and construction.In this study,10 wood properties(wood density,fiber length,fiber width,fiber length-to width ratio,hemicellulose content,cellulose content,holocellulose content,lignin content,ash content,and carbon content)of 10 provenances of L.olgensis planted at sites of CuoHai(CH),JiaGeDaQi(JGDQ),LiangShui(LS),and Mao'erShan(MES)were analyzed.The results of ANOVA showed that almost traits differed significantly among locations and provenances,with a significant interaction effect.Each trait also differed significant among provenances within sites.The phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation(PCV and GCV)and provenance heritability(H 2)for wood properties ranged from 1.122 to 27.365%,from 0.564%to 21.113%and from 0.332 to 0.996,respectively.A correlation analysis showed that wood density was significantly negatively correlated with cellulose content and holocellulose content at sites CH,JGDQ,and LS,but were significantly positively correlated at site MES.Wood density was significantly negatively correlated with lignin content at CH and JGDQ,but not at LS and MES.Fiber width(FW)was negatively correlated with the ratio of fiber length(FL)to width across sites,and FW and FL/W were all positively correlated with FL.Lignin content was significantly positively correlated with hemicellulose content at site JGDQ and significantly negatively correlated with cellulose content and with holocellulose content at site MES.Interestingly,carbon content was positively correlated with cellulose content and holocellulose content at CH,but negatively correlated with these two traits at site MES.In a correlation analysis of wood properties with geographic,soil and climatic characteristics at the four sites,wood properties were mainly correlated with latitude and altitude of the site and affected by the average annual precipitation and temperature simultaneously.To select superior pulpwood provenances and high carbon storage provenances,we selected the two best provenances with excellent wood properties for each location based on a multi-trait comprehensive evaluation,which can be used as the preferred materials for the establishment of large-scale plantations in specific locations.展开更多
Using 3-year-old culms of 8 provenances of Bambusa chungii from Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces, the indexes of wood properties, such as fiber dimensions and chemical composition were investigated and analyzed...Using 3-year-old culms of 8 provenances of Bambusa chungii from Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces, the indexes of wood properties, such as fiber dimensions and chemical composition were investigated and analyzed by the methods of Analysis of variance and correlation coefficient to reveal the geographic genetic variation situation. The results showed that there are significant differences be- tween fiber length, fibrin and 1% NaOH extraction contents of B. chungii from 8 provenances; moreover, the fiber length and fiber length/width ratio had a decreasing change pattern with geographic variation from the south to the north in altitude （from high to low in ele- vation）. The heritabilities for fibrin, fiber length, 1% NaOH extractive, lignin and fiber length/width ratio were 0.7, 0.84, 0.54, 0.38 and 0.13, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between 1% NaOH extraction, benzo-alcohol extraction contents and bamboo culm yield, whereas there was a significant positive correlation between fibrin contents and bamboo wood yield. Besides, a close correlation was detected between fiber dimensions indices and bamboo growth or bamboo wood yield. Finally, three provenances with high qualities and culm yield, i.e. Huaiji, Xinyi and Guilin, were selected as superior sources based on principal component analysis.展开更多
We studied the molecular mechanism of the quality traits of wood formation in larch.We used the immature latewood cells of two Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi)clones with significant differences in density and in micro...We studied the molecular mechanism of the quality traits of wood formation in larch.We used the immature latewood cells of two Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi)clones with significant differences in density and in microfibrillar angle(MFA)as materials to analyze their gene expression profiles.A total of 1735 differentially expressed genes were detected in immature latewood cells of the two clones,among which,971 were up-regulated and 764 were down-regulated.Digital gene expression profiling analysis revealed that genes encoding transcription factor members NAC66 and R2R3-MYB4,microtubule-associated protein,actin-related protein,cell wall protein members,arabinogalactan protein,Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein and glycine-rich protein,and several cell-wall-synthesis genes affected wood density and MFA by regulating latewood formation at transcriptional level.Our study results represent a basis for selection of quality traits and genetic improvement of larch wood.展开更多
In this paper, the relationship was studied bwtween the permeability of Pinus koraiensis. Larix grnelinii. Betula platphylla and Populus davidiana and moisture content of wood in the hygroscopic range. The mathenatica...In this paper, the relationship was studied bwtween the permeability of Pinus koraiensis. Larix grnelinii. Betula platphylla and Populus davidiana and moisture content of wood in the hygroscopic range. The mathenatical model of variation low has been obtained from the relationship between wood and water, The results are as fellow: (1)The relationsh ip betweed wood permeability and the moisture content is in twice curve function in the hygroscopic rang. (2)There is a peak value in tangential permeability, (3) The number of openings per cm of cross sectionand pit-opening average radii reduces by the increaasing of wood moisture content.展开更多
Picea spp.are a prominent component of the boreal,montane,and sub-alpine forests in the Northern Hemisphere,and have substantial economic importance due to their high quality fibre.However,performance and wood propert...Picea spp.are a prominent component of the boreal,montane,and sub-alpine forests in the Northern Hemisphere,and have substantial economic importance due to their high quality fibre.However,performance and wood properties of the genus have not been systematically evaluated in China.This study aimed to examine genetic variations in growth traits,phenology,and wood properties of 17 Picea species,(three from North America,two from Europe,and 12 from China),in response to specific climate factors using a randomized complete block design in a monsoonal,middle latitude area of China.Results show that all growth traits and wood properties significantly varied among species(P <0.00).Of the 17 species examined,P.abies and P.pungens were the tallest with heights of 2.5 and 1.9 m at 9 years old,respectively,90% and 50% greater than the average heights.Branch length,number,and angles of both P.abies and P.pungens were greater than those of the other species.Heights of P.glauca and P.omorika were20-33% greater than the average.Fast-growing species had high quantities of first lateral branches and large top whorl branch lengths.The taller species exhibited greater tracheid lengths and average tracheid lengths to radial central diameter ratios(TL/R_D2),but smaller cell wall thicknesses to tracheid radial lumen diameter ratios(WT/R_D1),which is favorable for pulp production.Correlation analysis revealed that height and ring width had significant positive correlations with latitude but strongly negative correlations with longitude.Height was positively correlated with average annual rainfalls,but negative correlations with average yearly sunshine.Due to the increased average annual sunshine at the China test site relative to the seed source,species such as P.abies,P.pungens,P.glauca,and P.omorika from wet,humid areas performed better than native species.Considering similar temperatures,precipitation may be the main factor affecting growth,which is beneficial for predicting the extent of spruce expansion.These results should encourage further testing and provide reference information for future exotic species studies in this part of China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 32201527)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD2201004).
文摘Typhoons are becoming frequent and intense with ongoing climate change,threatening ecological security and healthy forest development in coastal areas.Eucalyptus of a predominant introduced species in southern China,faces significant growth challenges because of typhoon.Therefore,it is vital to investigate the variation of related traits and select superior breeding materials for genetic improvement.Variance,genetic parameter,and correlation analyses were carried out on wind damage indices and eight wood proper-ties in 88 families from 11 provenances of 10-year-old Euca-lyptus camaldulensis.The selection index equation was used for evaluating multiple traits and selecting superior prov-enances and family lines as future breeding material.The results show that all traits were highly significantly differ-ent at provenance and family levels,with the wind damage index having the highest coefficient of genetic variation.The heritability of each trait ranged from 0.48 to 0.87,with the wind damage index,lignin and hemicellulose contents,and microfibril angle having the highest heritabilities.The wind damage index had a positive genetic correlation with wood density,a negative correlation with lignin content,a negative phenotypic correlation and a negative genetic correlation with microfibril angle.Wind damage index and genetic progress in the selection of eight wood traits varied from 7.2%to 614.8%.Three provenances and 12 superior families were selected.The genetic gains of the wind damage index were 10.2%and 33.9%for provenances and families,and these may be starting material for genetic modification for wind resistance in eucalyptus and for their dissemination to typhoon-prone coastal areas of southern China.
文摘Totally 26 provenance stands of 17-year-old Korean pine were selected for investigating wood properties and growth characters in Mao抏rshan Experimental Forest Farm of Northeast Forestry University in 1999. The anatomical property indexes, including tracheid length, tracheid diameter and wall-indiameter ratio, and the physical property indexes, such as growth ring width, late wood percentage and growth ring density, were measured for wood properties. Growth character indexes, including tree height and diameter at breast height, were also measured. The analytical results showed that there exited obviously dif-ference in wood property indexes between different provenances, which is suggested that wood properties are controlled by their genetic differences. The growth character indexes of Korean pines presented significant difference and they might also be controlled by their genetic differences. Most parameters of wood properties mainly varied in the direction of longitude, but the parameters of growth characters varied in the direction of latitude.
基金funded by both of the Interna-tional Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), grant No. PD10/00. REV.2 (I,F)the National‘Tenth Five-year’Key Program of China, grant No. 2004BA506B0103
文摘Using 3-year-old culms of 8 provenances of Bambusa chungii from Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces, the indexes of wood properties, such as fiber dimensions and chemical composition were investigated and analyzed by the methods of Analysis of variance and correlation coefficient to reveal the geographic genetic variation situation. The results showed that there are significant differences between fiber length, fibrin and 1% NaOH extraction contents of B. chungii from 8 provenances; moreover, the fiber length and fiber length/width ratio had a decreasing change pattern with geographic variation from the south to the north in altitude (from high to low in elevation). The heritabilities for fibrin, fiber length, 1% NaOH extractive, lignin and fiber length/width ratio were 0.7, 0.84, 0.54, 0.38 and 0.13, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between 1% NaOH extraction, benzo-alcohol extraction contents and bamboo culm yield, whereas there was a significant positive correlation between fibrin contents and bamboo wood yield. Besides, a close correlation was detected between fiber dimensions indices and bamboo growth or bamboo wood yield. Finally, three provenances with high qualities and culm yield, i.e. Huaiji, Xinyi and Guilin, were selected as superior sources based on principal component analysis.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30070616).
文摘The microfibril angle of seven poplar clones was determined by using X-ray diffraction technique. Microfibril angle, wood basic density, fiber length, fiber width and cellulose content were assessed for every growth ring at breast height for all sample trees. Significant variation in microfibril angle was observed among growth rings. Mean microfibril angle (MFA) at breast height varied from 7.8?to 28?between growth rings with cambial age and showed a consistent pith-to-bark trend of decline an-gles. Analysis of variance also indicated that there were significant differences in wood basic density, fiber length, fiber width and cellulose content between the growth rings, which had an increasing tendency from pith to bark. Correlations between MFA and examined wood properties were predominantly large and significant negative (?0.01), and the coefficients were -0.660 for cellulose content, -0.586 for fiber length, -0.516 for fiber width and -0.450 for wood basic density, respectively. Regression analysis with linear and curve estimation indicated that a quadratic function showed the largest R2 and the least standard error for describing the relationships between microfibril angle and measured wood properties, and the correlation coefficients were over -0.45 (n=125). The results from this study suggested that microfibril angle would be a good characteristic for improvement in the future breeding program of poplars.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Program of China during the Twelfth FiveYear Plan Period(Grant No.2013AA102704)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2572015EA03)
文摘The growth traits (tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree) and wood properties [wood density (WD), fiber length, fiber width, ash content (AC), lignin content, cellulose content, hemicellulose content (HEC), and holocellulose content] of 208 26-year-old Larix olgensis clones were analyzed. Except for WD and AC, there were significant differences (p < 0.01) for all traits among clones. The phenotypic coefficient of variation and repeatability of all traits were 9.34-35.33% and 0.218-0.930, respectively. Tree height and diameter at breast height showed significant positive correlation; however, the correlation coefficients among growth characteristics and wood properties were mostly not significant. Ten clones (L70, L56, L82, L90, L59, L91, L61, L92, L86, and L64) were selected as excellent clones under a selection rate of 5%, using tree height, diameter at breast height, and stem straightness degree as evaluation indexes, providing genetic gains of 28.69, 17.96, and 0.67%, respectively. Ten clones (L88, L305, L59, L66, L253, L304, L277, L298, L248, and L293) were selected as excellent clones using wood properties as an evaluation index, with a selection rate of 5%, providing genetic gains in WD, fiber length, fiber width, cellulose content, and HEC of 4.14, 3.64, 9.28, 6.77, and 9.61%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting excellent L. olgensis clones.
基金This study was undertaken as a project for National Key Technology R&D Program for the 12th Five-year Plan(China) "Breeding and Selection of New Variety with High Yield and High Resistance of Eucalyptus"(2012BAD01B04-1)Special Fund for Forestry Industry Research in the Public Interest "Project of Veneer Variety Breeding and Cultivation Model Optimization for Eucalyptus"(201104003-07)
文摘We assessed growth traits and wood properties ofDH32-29, a clone of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, at age of two to six years in Guangdong in China. Analysis of variance of studied traits showed that there were significant differences （1% level） on all studied traits among ages except for wood basic density. Analysis of age trends of growth traits and wood properties revealed that rotation length of DH32-29 should be more than six years or longer. Phenotypic correlations among traits at individual ages indicated that correlations between growth traits were strongly positive. There was significant change in relationship between growth and wood basic density with increasing age, ranging from -0.03 to -0.54 at 2 and 5 year and 0.003 to 0.3 at 3, 4 and 6 year. Correlations between Pilodyn pin penetration and basic density measured on increment cores showed that Pilodyn could rank or group genotypes or sites into density classes, but failure to predict individual tree and individual clone.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[No.2017YFD0600201]Forestry Industry Research Special Funds for Public Welfare Projects[No.201404101].
文摘Coumarate 3-hydroxylase(C3h)genes participate in the synthesis of lignin and may affect the properties of wood that are important for its commercial value.A better understanding of the natural variation in C3h genes and their associations to wood properties is required to effectively improve wood quality.We used a candidate gene-based association mapping approach to identify CfC3h allelic variants associated with traits that affect the wood properties of Catalpa fargesii.We first isolated the full-length CfC3h cDNA(1825 bp),which was expressed at relatively high levels in xylem according to real time-polymerase chain reaction.In totally,17 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms(minor allele frequency>5%)were identified through cloning and sequencing the CfC3h locus from a mapping population(including 88 unrelated natural C.fargesii individuals collected from main distribution area).Nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium(LD)in CfC3h indicate that CfC3h has low nucleotide diversity(π_(t)=0.0031 andθ_(w)=0.0103)and relatively low LD(within 1800 bp;r^(2)≥0.1).An association analysis identified eight common single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)(false discovery rate,Q<0.10)and ten haplotypes(Q<0.10)associated with wood properties,explaining 4.92-12.09%of the phenotypic variance in an association population consisted of 125 unrelated natural individuals(The 88 individuals from the mapping population were comprised in the association population).Our study would provide new insight into C3h gene affecting wood quality,and the SNP markers identified would have potential applications in marker-assisted breeding in the future.
基金supported by the the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2572018BW01)。
文摘Larix olgensis,one of the most important timber species in northeastern China,is used for paper making and construction.In this study,10 wood properties(wood density,fiber length,fiber width,fiber length-to width ratio,hemicellulose content,cellulose content,holocellulose content,lignin content,ash content,and carbon content)of 10 provenances of L.olgensis planted at sites of CuoHai(CH),JiaGeDaQi(JGDQ),LiangShui(LS),and Mao'erShan(MES)were analyzed.The results of ANOVA showed that almost traits differed significantly among locations and provenances,with a significant interaction effect.Each trait also differed significant among provenances within sites.The phenotypic and genetic coefficient of variation(PCV and GCV)and provenance heritability(H 2)for wood properties ranged from 1.122 to 27.365%,from 0.564%to 21.113%and from 0.332 to 0.996,respectively.A correlation analysis showed that wood density was significantly negatively correlated with cellulose content and holocellulose content at sites CH,JGDQ,and LS,but were significantly positively correlated at site MES.Wood density was significantly negatively correlated with lignin content at CH and JGDQ,but not at LS and MES.Fiber width(FW)was negatively correlated with the ratio of fiber length(FL)to width across sites,and FW and FL/W were all positively correlated with FL.Lignin content was significantly positively correlated with hemicellulose content at site JGDQ and significantly negatively correlated with cellulose content and with holocellulose content at site MES.Interestingly,carbon content was positively correlated with cellulose content and holocellulose content at CH,but negatively correlated with these two traits at site MES.In a correlation analysis of wood properties with geographic,soil and climatic characteristics at the four sites,wood properties were mainly correlated with latitude and altitude of the site and affected by the average annual precipitation and temperature simultaneously.To select superior pulpwood provenances and high carbon storage provenances,we selected the two best provenances with excellent wood properties for each location based on a multi-trait comprehensive evaluation,which can be used as the preferred materials for the establishment of large-scale plantations in specific locations.
文摘Using 3-year-old culms of 8 provenances of Bambusa chungii from Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces, the indexes of wood properties, such as fiber dimensions and chemical composition were investigated and analyzed by the methods of Analysis of variance and correlation coefficient to reveal the geographic genetic variation situation. The results showed that there are significant differences be- tween fiber length, fibrin and 1% NaOH extraction contents of B. chungii from 8 provenances; moreover, the fiber length and fiber length/width ratio had a decreasing change pattern with geographic variation from the south to the north in altitude （from high to low in ele- vation）. The heritabilities for fibrin, fiber length, 1% NaOH extractive, lignin and fiber length/width ratio were 0.7, 0.84, 0.54, 0.38 and 0.13, respectively. A significant negative correlation was found between 1% NaOH extraction, benzo-alcohol extraction contents and bamboo culm yield, whereas there was a significant positive correlation between fibrin contents and bamboo wood yield. Besides, a close correlation was detected between fiber dimensions indices and bamboo growth or bamboo wood yield. Finally, three provenances with high qualities and culm yield, i.e. Huaiji, Xinyi and Guilin, were selected as superior sources based on principal component analysis.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the Public Welfare(201504104)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF(CAFYBB2017ZA001)
文摘We studied the molecular mechanism of the quality traits of wood formation in larch.We used the immature latewood cells of two Japanese larch(Larix kaempferi)clones with significant differences in density and in microfibrillar angle(MFA)as materials to analyze their gene expression profiles.A total of 1735 differentially expressed genes were detected in immature latewood cells of the two clones,among which,971 were up-regulated and 764 were down-regulated.Digital gene expression profiling analysis revealed that genes encoding transcription factor members NAC66 and R2R3-MYB4,microtubule-associated protein,actin-related protein,cell wall protein members,arabinogalactan protein,Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein and glycine-rich protein,and several cell-wall-synthesis genes affected wood density and MFA by regulating latewood formation at transcriptional level.Our study results represent a basis for selection of quality traits and genetic improvement of larch wood.
文摘In this paper, the relationship was studied bwtween the permeability of Pinus koraiensis. Larix grnelinii. Betula platphylla and Populus davidiana and moisture content of wood in the hygroscopic range. The mathenatical model of variation low has been obtained from the relationship between wood and water, The results are as fellow: (1)The relationsh ip betweed wood permeability and the moisture content is in twice curve function in the hygroscopic rang. (2)There is a peak value in tangential permeability, (3) The number of openings per cm of cross sectionand pit-opening average radii reduces by the increaasing of wood moisture content.
基金supported by the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Key & Research Projects of China(2017YFD0600606-09)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC31600541)the Science Foundation of China Post-doctor (2016M591053)。
文摘Picea spp.are a prominent component of the boreal,montane,and sub-alpine forests in the Northern Hemisphere,and have substantial economic importance due to their high quality fibre.However,performance and wood properties of the genus have not been systematically evaluated in China.This study aimed to examine genetic variations in growth traits,phenology,and wood properties of 17 Picea species,(three from North America,two from Europe,and 12 from China),in response to specific climate factors using a randomized complete block design in a monsoonal,middle latitude area of China.Results show that all growth traits and wood properties significantly varied among species(P <0.00).Of the 17 species examined,P.abies and P.pungens were the tallest with heights of 2.5 and 1.9 m at 9 years old,respectively,90% and 50% greater than the average heights.Branch length,number,and angles of both P.abies and P.pungens were greater than those of the other species.Heights of P.glauca and P.omorika were20-33% greater than the average.Fast-growing species had high quantities of first lateral branches and large top whorl branch lengths.The taller species exhibited greater tracheid lengths and average tracheid lengths to radial central diameter ratios(TL/R_D2),but smaller cell wall thicknesses to tracheid radial lumen diameter ratios(WT/R_D1),which is favorable for pulp production.Correlation analysis revealed that height and ring width had significant positive correlations with latitude but strongly negative correlations with longitude.Height was positively correlated with average annual rainfalls,but negative correlations with average yearly sunshine.Due to the increased average annual sunshine at the China test site relative to the seed source,species such as P.abies,P.pungens,P.glauca,and P.omorika from wet,humid areas performed better than native species.Considering similar temperatures,precipitation may be the main factor affecting growth,which is beneficial for predicting the extent of spruce expansion.These results should encourage further testing and provide reference information for future exotic species studies in this part of China.
