There has been a rapid development in the construction of wetland parks in China in recent years.This paper discussed the progress in the research of Chinese wetland parks that covered the aspects of wetland resources...There has been a rapid development in the construction of wetland parks in China in recent years.This paper discussed the progress in the research of Chinese wetland parks that covered the aspects of wetland resources,landscape and environment.The function of wetland parks,the evaluation of landscape and the exploiting of resources;the landscape concept and landscape planning and design;the plant environment,the water environment and the recreation environment were all reviewed.The research of Chinese wetland parks started later but developed rapidly,having remarkable achievements in practice and functional studies,and there are still some shortcomings in the researches to be improved.At last,the key points which should be researched urgently in the future were discussed.展开更多
Using soil data of the Second National Field Survey,the soil fertility of wetland ecosystem of Dongting Lake was evaluated by using the technology of GIS and method of fuzzy evaluation.Integrated with the wetland actu...Using soil data of the Second National Field Survey,the soil fertility of wetland ecosystem of Dongting Lake was evaluated by using the technology of GIS and method of fuzzy evaluation.Integrated with the wetland actuality of Dongting Lake and particularity of paddy,seven factors (including soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus,available potassium,and pH value),closely related with soil fertility,were chosen to establish the index system of synthetical evaluation.Based on the effect degree of each selected index on soil fertility,a judgment matrix was built,and the weight coefficient was determined by the method of correlation coefficient.Finally,under the support of the spatial analysis module of GIS (Geographic Information System),the spatial distribution properties of soil fertility in wetland ecosystem of Dongting Lake were studied.The results show that the soil fertility of Dongting Lake wetland ecosystem is not very good,and the area of type III and type IV achieves 69.8%.As a result,many countermeasures should be taken to improve the soil fertility.As for the spatial properties,the soil fertility level of central and west Dongting Lake is much higher than that of north and south part.The soil fertility of paddy field surpasses that of red soil,and the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in paddy field are large.展开更多
In this paper,a new type of ridge-shaped constructed wetland which combines surface flow and horizontal subsurface flow was proposed.The proposed wetland had simple structure,low construction and operating cost,less h...In this paper,a new type of ridge-shaped constructed wetland which combines surface flow and horizontal subsurface flow was proposed.The proposed wetland had simple structure,low construction and operating cost,less human interference and good pollution removal effect.The combination of surface flow and subsurface flow provided an aerobic and anaerobic alternating environment for the entire wetland.The performance of the proposed wetland was compared with a traditional horizontal subsurface flow wetland.The comparison results showed that the removal rates of BOD(biochemical oxygen demand),TN(total nitrogen),and TP(total phosphorus)in the ridge-shaped wetland increased up to 20.3%,17.0%,and 9.1%,respectively.The proposed wetland structure could be widely applied for treatment of rural and urban domestic sewage pollution or agricultural point and nonpoint source water pollution.展开更多
Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetla...Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetland park. Therefore, an optimizing rank system is urgently needed. Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution （TOPSIS） models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning. The study indicated that the AHP- TOPSIS model had good discrimination in the classification and ranking of landscape planning works of urban wetland park and it was also applicable to the planning works of other urban greenbelts.展开更多
The superior drainage was pre-treated by biologic contact oxidation on BOD5 load of 0.72 kg/(m3·d),and then post-treated by constructed wetland. The results about the effect on the constructed wetland post-treatm...The superior drainage was pre-treated by biologic contact oxidation on BOD5 load of 0.72 kg/(m3·d),and then post-treated by constructed wetland. The results about the effect on the constructed wetland post-treatment show that the total nitrogen (TN) is the restrictive index of the combinational technique treatment effect. To meet the reclaimed water quality standard and reuse for waterscape,the peak hydraulic load of constructed wetland is 0.50 m/d in summer (30-36 ℃) and 0.33 m/d in winter (8-12℃),and the load ratio of the peak hydraulic under the two temperature conditions is 3-2. The results are combined of reclaimed water quantity requirements in different seasons of green building. Reasonable scale of the reclaimed water treatment systems can be determined. The treatment efficacy can be well predicted,and both the design and operations can be effectively guided,by which the reclaimed water treatment systems regard superior drainage as the source and are purified by combinational technique of contact oxidation and artificial wetland.展开更多
The Colorado River Delta has undergone a fast and drastic modification by human activities.Since 1930’s decade,agriculture plays a very important role in the development of the region changing land & water use in...The Colorado River Delta has undergone a fast and drastic modification by human activities.Since 1930’s decade,agriculture plays a very important role in the development of the region changing land & water use in Mexicali and Imperial Valleys,politically divided by the Mexico-U.S.A.border but united by the same hydrographic basin,together continue展开更多
The iron concentrations of snows,semi-melting snows,snowmelts,and ditch waters were observed in four typical microhabitats,Carex lasiocarpa marsh(Ⅰ),Calamagrostis angustifolia wet meadow(Ⅱ),dry land(Ⅲ)and paddy fie...The iron concentrations of snows,semi-melting snows,snowmelts,and ditch waters were observed in four typical microhabitats,Carex lasiocarpa marsh(Ⅰ),Calamagrostis angustifolia wet meadow(Ⅱ),dry land(Ⅲ)and paddy field(Ⅳ),of Sanjiang Plain Wetland,Northeast China.Each sample was collected from three sites of one microhabitat,mixed together,filtrated with 0.45μm membrane,and tested using atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS)for iron measurement.The iron concentrations of soil solutions were investigated as well.Each soil solution was in-situ extracted by negative pressure,filtrated with 0.45μm membrane,and tested using AAS,too.The results showed that the wet precipitation of iron from snow were little to detect.The loss of iron was attributed to the interaction of water and soil surface.展开更多
Cumulative effects on wetland soils under different cultivation patterns were analyzed in the experimental fields of the Ecological Experimental Station of Mire-wetlands in Sanjiang Plain. The results suggested that t...Cumulative effects on wetland soils under different cultivation patterns were analyzed in the experimental fields of the Ecological Experimental Station of Mire-wetlands in Sanjiang Plain. The results suggested that the paddy field combined with the glebe to act on the soil environment. Under the combination of natural and anthropological factors, the cultivation of the paddy field and the glebe obviously related with different kinds of fertility factors of soil. The remarkable relation among organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen reflected the fertilization of the soil at some extent.展开更多
Natural reserve can provide ecology system with natural background for human being and has important significance for sustaining ecosystem service.The continuous damage and deterioration of ecosystem in natural reserv...Natural reserve can provide ecology system with natural background for human being and has important significance for sustaining ecosystem service.The continuous damage and deterioration of ecosystem in natural reserve caused by human activities have become one of the most serious environmental problems.展开更多
【目的】在城市时空动态演变中,对广州市海珠区未来发展的不同情景进行模拟,探索城市动态发展和区域协同引导下城市生态网络韧性测度方法与设计响应,在中观尺度下讨论城市可持续发展的导向及规划策略。【方法】以广州市海珠区为例,提出...【目的】在城市时空动态演变中,对广州市海珠区未来发展的不同情景进行模拟,探索城市动态发展和区域协同引导下城市生态网络韧性测度方法与设计响应,在中观尺度下讨论城市可持续发展的导向及规划策略。【方法】以广州市海珠区为例,提出“城市-湿地复合体”概念并总结其特征,运用斑块级土地利用变化模拟(patch-generating land use simulation,PLUS)模型,模拟2030年自然发展、城市扩张和生态优先3种情景下的土地利用格局,结合形态学空间格局分析(morphological spatial pattern analysis,MSPA)与图论方法,构建动态演进的生态网络并量化其韧性特征。通过介数中心性分析和节点删除算法,评估生态网络结构韧性与功能韧性,揭示“城市-湿地复合体”的韧性响应机制。【结果】海珠区生态源地的分布与珠江河网、湿地公园(如海珠湿地)及城市绿地系统高度重合。自然发展情景下生态网络连通性、抗干扰能力和连接效率最高,结构韧性强;城市扩张情景下生态网络对关键节点依赖性增强,功能韧性较弱;生态优先情景下生态网络韧性阈值最高,韧性水平高。【结论】生态网络是保障城市生态韧性的关键载体。“城市-湿地复合体”生态网络韧性测度,可以为中观尺度下城市生态敏感区的生态韧性强化及设计响应提供新思路。展开更多
基金Supported by Major Program of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(040132)
文摘There has been a rapid development in the construction of wetland parks in China in recent years.This paper discussed the progress in the research of Chinese wetland parks that covered the aspects of wetland resources,landscape and environment.The function of wetland parks,the evaluation of landscape and the exploiting of resources;the landscape concept and landscape planning and design;the plant environment,the water environment and the recreation environment were all reviewed.The research of Chinese wetland parks started later but developed rapidly,having remarkable achievements in practice and functional studies,and there are still some shortcomings in the researches to be improved.At last,the key points which should be researched urgently in the future were discussed.
基金Projects(40971170,51039001) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2007AA10Z222) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘Using soil data of the Second National Field Survey,the soil fertility of wetland ecosystem of Dongting Lake was evaluated by using the technology of GIS and method of fuzzy evaluation.Integrated with the wetland actuality of Dongting Lake and particularity of paddy,seven factors (including soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus,available potassium,and pH value),closely related with soil fertility,were chosen to establish the index system of synthetical evaluation.Based on the effect degree of each selected index on soil fertility,a judgment matrix was built,and the weight coefficient was determined by the method of correlation coefficient.Finally,under the support of the spatial analysis module of GIS (Geographic Information System),the spatial distribution properties of soil fertility in wetland ecosystem of Dongting Lake were studied.The results show that the soil fertility of Dongting Lake wetland ecosystem is not very good,and the area of type III and type IV achieves 69.8%.As a result,many countermeasures should be taken to improve the soil fertility.As for the spatial properties,the soil fertility level of central and west Dongting Lake is much higher than that of north and south part.The soil fertility of paddy field surpasses that of red soil,and the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in paddy field are large.
基金National Science and Technology Support Program of China(2015BAB07B02-6)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2017LEE028)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(2016GSF117038)。
文摘In this paper,a new type of ridge-shaped constructed wetland which combines surface flow and horizontal subsurface flow was proposed.The proposed wetland had simple structure,low construction and operating cost,less human interference and good pollution removal effect.The combination of surface flow and subsurface flow provided an aerobic and anaerobic alternating environment for the entire wetland.The performance of the proposed wetland was compared with a traditional horizontal subsurface flow wetland.The comparison results showed that the removal rates of BOD(biochemical oxygen demand),TN(total nitrogen),and TP(total phosphorus)in the ridge-shaped wetland increased up to 20.3%,17.0%,and 9.1%,respectively.The proposed wetland structure could be widely applied for treatment of rural and urban domestic sewage pollution or agricultural point and nonpoint source water pollution.
基金Supported by Henan Major Scientific and Technological Project (102102310246)
文摘Classifying and ranking the huge amounts of landscape planning works of urban wetland park is always difficult due to the multi-functions （ecological, leisure, educational and disaster prevention） of the urban wetland park. Therefore, an optimizing rank system is urgently needed. Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution （TOPSIS） models were used to rank the planning works of 30 urban wetland park based on four mainly factors, which included landscape ecological planning, landscape planning, ecological planning and economic planning. The study indicated that the AHP- TOPSIS model had good discrimination in the classification and ranking of landscape planning works of urban wetland park and it was also applicable to the planning works of other urban greenbelts.
基金Project(SWITCH018530) supported by the EU Sixth Framework Program-Sustainable Water management Improves Tomorrow’s CitiesProject(2008DFA91770) supported by the International Cooperation Items of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China
文摘The superior drainage was pre-treated by biologic contact oxidation on BOD5 load of 0.72 kg/(m3·d),and then post-treated by constructed wetland. The results about the effect on the constructed wetland post-treatment show that the total nitrogen (TN) is the restrictive index of the combinational technique treatment effect. To meet the reclaimed water quality standard and reuse for waterscape,the peak hydraulic load of constructed wetland is 0.50 m/d in summer (30-36 ℃) and 0.33 m/d in winter (8-12℃),and the load ratio of the peak hydraulic under the two temperature conditions is 3-2. The results are combined of reclaimed water quantity requirements in different seasons of green building. Reasonable scale of the reclaimed water treatment systems can be determined. The treatment efficacy can be well predicted,and both the design and operations can be effectively guided,by which the reclaimed water treatment systems regard superior drainage as the source and are purified by combinational technique of contact oxidation and artificial wetland.
文摘The Colorado River Delta has undergone a fast and drastic modification by human activities.Since 1930’s decade,agriculture plays a very important role in the development of the region changing land & water use in Mexicali and Imperial Valleys,politically divided by the Mexico-U.S.A.border but united by the same hydrographic basin,together continue
文摘The iron concentrations of snows,semi-melting snows,snowmelts,and ditch waters were observed in four typical microhabitats,Carex lasiocarpa marsh(Ⅰ),Calamagrostis angustifolia wet meadow(Ⅱ),dry land(Ⅲ)and paddy field(Ⅳ),of Sanjiang Plain Wetland,Northeast China.Each sample was collected from three sites of one microhabitat,mixed together,filtrated with 0.45μm membrane,and tested using atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS)for iron measurement.The iron concentrations of soil solutions were investigated as well.Each soil solution was in-situ extracted by negative pressure,filtrated with 0.45μm membrane,and tested using AAS,too.The results showed that the wet precipitation of iron from snow were little to detect.The loss of iron was attributed to the interaction of water and soil surface.
基金Supported by Chinese Youth Natural Sciences Fund Project(40501030)
文摘Cumulative effects on wetland soils under different cultivation patterns were analyzed in the experimental fields of the Ecological Experimental Station of Mire-wetlands in Sanjiang Plain. The results suggested that the paddy field combined with the glebe to act on the soil environment. Under the combination of natural and anthropological factors, the cultivation of the paddy field and the glebe obviously related with different kinds of fertility factors of soil. The remarkable relation among organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen reflected the fertilization of the soil at some extent.
文摘Natural reserve can provide ecology system with natural background for human being and has important significance for sustaining ecosystem service.The continuous damage and deterioration of ecosystem in natural reserve caused by human activities have become one of the most serious environmental problems.
文摘【目的】在城市时空动态演变中,对广州市海珠区未来发展的不同情景进行模拟,探索城市动态发展和区域协同引导下城市生态网络韧性测度方法与设计响应,在中观尺度下讨论城市可持续发展的导向及规划策略。【方法】以广州市海珠区为例,提出“城市-湿地复合体”概念并总结其特征,运用斑块级土地利用变化模拟(patch-generating land use simulation,PLUS)模型,模拟2030年自然发展、城市扩张和生态优先3种情景下的土地利用格局,结合形态学空间格局分析(morphological spatial pattern analysis,MSPA)与图论方法,构建动态演进的生态网络并量化其韧性特征。通过介数中心性分析和节点删除算法,评估生态网络结构韧性与功能韧性,揭示“城市-湿地复合体”的韧性响应机制。【结果】海珠区生态源地的分布与珠江河网、湿地公园(如海珠湿地)及城市绿地系统高度重合。自然发展情景下生态网络连通性、抗干扰能力和连接效率最高,结构韧性强;城市扩张情景下生态网络对关键节点依赖性增强,功能韧性较弱;生态优先情景下生态网络韧性阈值最高,韧性水平高。【结论】生态网络是保障城市生态韧性的关键载体。“城市-湿地复合体”生态网络韧性测度,可以为中观尺度下城市生态敏感区的生态韧性强化及设计响应提供新思路。
