Metal phosphides have been studied as prospective anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their higher specific capacity compared to other anode materials.However,rapid capacity decay and limited cycle li...Metal phosphides have been studied as prospective anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their higher specific capacity compared to other anode materials.However,rapid capacity decay and limited cycle life caused by volume expansion and low electrical conductivity of phosphides in SIBs remain still unsolved.To address these issues,GeP_(3) was first prepared by high-energy ball milling,and then Ketjen black(KB)was introduced to synthesize composite GeP_(3)/KB anode materials under controlled milling speed and time by a secondary ball milling process.During the ball milling process,GeP_(3) and KB form strong chemical bonds,resulting in a closely bonded composite.Consequently,the GeP_(3)/KB anodes was demonstrated excellent sodium storage performance,achieving a high reversible capacity of 933.41 mAh·g^(–1) at a current density of 0.05 A·g^(–1) for a special formula of GeP_(3)/KB-600-40 sample prepared at ball milling speed of 600 r/min for 40 h.Even at a high current density of 2 A·g^(–1) over 200 cycles,the capacity remains 314.52 mAh·g^(–1) with a retention rate of 66.6%.In conclusion,this work successfully prepares GeP_(3)/KB anode-carbon composite for electrodes by high-energy ball milling,which can restrict electrode volume expansion,enhance capacity,and improve cycle stability of SIBs.展开更多
As a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries,silicon monoxide(SiO)suffers from dramatic volume changes during cycling,causing excessive stress within the electrode and resulting in electrode deformation ...As a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries,silicon monoxide(SiO)suffers from dramatic volume changes during cycling,causing excessive stress within the electrode and resulting in electrode deformation and fragmentation.This ultimately leads to a decrease in cell capacity.The trends of volume expansion and capacity change of the SiO/graphite(SiO/C)composite electrode during cycling were investigated via in situ expansion monitoring.First,a series of expansion test schemes were designed,and the linear relationship between negative electrode expansion and cell capacity degradation was quantitatively analyzed.Then,the effects of different initial pressures on the long-term cycling performance of the cell were evaluated.Finally,the mechanism of their effects was analyzed by scanning electron microscope.The results show that after 50 cycles,the cell capacity decreases from 2.556 mAh to 1.689 mAh,with a capacity retention ratio(CRR)of only 66.08%.A linear relationship between the capacity retention ratio and thickness expansion was found.Electrochemical measurements and scanning electron microscope images demonstrate that intense stress inhibits the lithiation of the negative electrode and that the electrode is more susceptible to irreversible damage during cycling.Overall,these results reveal the relationship between the cycling performance of SiO and the internal pressure of the electrode from a macroscopic point of view,which provides some reference for the application of SiO/C composite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
The development of advanced aircraft relies on high performance thermal-structural materials,and carbon/carbon com-posites(C/C)composited with ultrahigh-temperature ceramics are ideal candidates.However,the traditiona...The development of advanced aircraft relies on high performance thermal-structural materials,and carbon/carbon com-posites(C/C)composited with ultrahigh-temperature ceramics are ideal candidates.However,the traditional routes of compositing are either inefficient and expensive or lead to a non-uniform distribution of ceramics in the matrix.Compared with the traditional C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by the reactive melt infiltration of ZrSi_(2),C/C-ZrB_(2)-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by the vacuum infiltration of ZrB_(2) combined with reactive melt infiltration have the higher content and more uniform distribution of the introduced ceramic phases.The mass and linear ablation rates of the C/C-ZrB_(2)-ZrC-SiC composites were respectively 68.9%and 29.7%lower than those of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by reactive melt infiltration.The ablation performance was improved because the volatilization of B_(2)O_(3),removes some of the heat,and the more uniformly distributed ZrO_(2),that helps produce a ZrO2-SiO2 continu-ous protective layer,hinders oxygen infiltration and decreases ablation.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Young Scientist Fund(22105120)Shaanxi Province Qin Chuangyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Construction Project(2024QCY-KXJ-127)。
文摘Metal phosphides have been studied as prospective anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their higher specific capacity compared to other anode materials.However,rapid capacity decay and limited cycle life caused by volume expansion and low electrical conductivity of phosphides in SIBs remain still unsolved.To address these issues,GeP_(3) was first prepared by high-energy ball milling,and then Ketjen black(KB)was introduced to synthesize composite GeP_(3)/KB anode materials under controlled milling speed and time by a secondary ball milling process.During the ball milling process,GeP_(3) and KB form strong chemical bonds,resulting in a closely bonded composite.Consequently,the GeP_(3)/KB anodes was demonstrated excellent sodium storage performance,achieving a high reversible capacity of 933.41 mAh·g^(–1) at a current density of 0.05 A·g^(–1) for a special formula of GeP_(3)/KB-600-40 sample prepared at ball milling speed of 600 r/min for 40 h.Even at a high current density of 2 A·g^(–1) over 200 cycles,the capacity remains 314.52 mAh·g^(–1) with a retention rate of 66.6%.In conclusion,this work successfully prepares GeP_(3)/KB anode-carbon composite for electrodes by high-energy ball milling,which can restrict electrode volume expansion,enhance capacity,and improve cycle stability of SIBs.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2090000055)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2308085QG231).
文摘As a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries,silicon monoxide(SiO)suffers from dramatic volume changes during cycling,causing excessive stress within the electrode and resulting in electrode deformation and fragmentation.This ultimately leads to a decrease in cell capacity.The trends of volume expansion and capacity change of the SiO/graphite(SiO/C)composite electrode during cycling were investigated via in situ expansion monitoring.First,a series of expansion test schemes were designed,and the linear relationship between negative electrode expansion and cell capacity degradation was quantitatively analyzed.Then,the effects of different initial pressures on the long-term cycling performance of the cell were evaluated.Finally,the mechanism of their effects was analyzed by scanning electron microscope.The results show that after 50 cycles,the cell capacity decreases from 2.556 mAh to 1.689 mAh,with a capacity retention ratio(CRR)of only 66.08%.A linear relationship between the capacity retention ratio and thickness expansion was found.Electrochemical measurements and scanning electron microscope images demonstrate that intense stress inhibits the lithiation of the negative electrode and that the electrode is more susceptible to irreversible damage during cycling.Overall,these results reveal the relationship between the cycling performance of SiO and the internal pressure of the electrode from a macroscopic point of view,which provides some reference for the application of SiO/C composite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries.
文摘The development of advanced aircraft relies on high performance thermal-structural materials,and carbon/carbon com-posites(C/C)composited with ultrahigh-temperature ceramics are ideal candidates.However,the traditional routes of compositing are either inefficient and expensive or lead to a non-uniform distribution of ceramics in the matrix.Compared with the traditional C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by the reactive melt infiltration of ZrSi_(2),C/C-ZrB_(2)-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by the vacuum infiltration of ZrB_(2) combined with reactive melt infiltration have the higher content and more uniform distribution of the introduced ceramic phases.The mass and linear ablation rates of the C/C-ZrB_(2)-ZrC-SiC composites were respectively 68.9%and 29.7%lower than those of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by reactive melt infiltration.The ablation performance was improved because the volatilization of B_(2)O_(3),removes some of the heat,and the more uniformly distributed ZrO_(2),that helps produce a ZrO2-SiO2 continu-ous protective layer,hinders oxygen infiltration and decreases ablation.
