In existing studies, most slope stability analyses concentrate on conditions with constant temperature, assuming the slope is intact, and employ the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure criterion for saturated soil to character...In existing studies, most slope stability analyses concentrate on conditions with constant temperature, assuming the slope is intact, and employ the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure criterion for saturated soil to characterize the strength of the backfill. However, the actual working temperature of slopes varies, and natural phenomena such as rainfall and groundwater infiltration commonly result in unsaturated soil conditions, with cracks typically present in cohesive slopes. This study introduces a novel approach for assessing the stability of unsaturated soil stepped slopes under varying temperatures, incorporating the effects of open and vertical cracks. Utilizing the kinematic approach and gravity increase method, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) rotational wedge failure mechanism to simulate slope collapse, enhancing the traditional two-dimensional analyses. We integrated temperature-dependent functions and nonlinear shear strength equations to evaluate the impact of temperature on four typical unsaturated soil types. A particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to calculate the safety factor, ensuring our method’s accuracy by comparing it with existing studies. The results indicate that considering 3D effects yields a higher safety factor, while cracks reduce slope stability. Each unsaturated soil exhibits a distinctive temperature response curve, highlighting the importance of understanding soil types in the design phase.展开更多
为研究不同比例明胶/马铃薯淀粉对大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)凝胶性能及3D打印性能的影响,该文以SPI、明胶和马铃薯淀粉为原料,通过热诱导的方式制备SPI复合凝胶,并对复合凝胶的水分分布、质构、流变特性、结构、微观...为研究不同比例明胶/马铃薯淀粉对大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)凝胶性能及3D打印性能的影响,该文以SPI、明胶和马铃薯淀粉为原料,通过热诱导的方式制备SPI复合凝胶,并对复合凝胶的水分分布、质构、流变特性、结构、微观结构以及3D打印特性等进行了表征。结果表明,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例在1∶8~6∶8(质量比,下同)范围内,随着比例增加,自由水比例降低,不易流动水比例升高,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,不易流动水比例最高,占比为2.48%。复配凝胶的硬度、内聚性和咀嚼性随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加逐渐降低,6∶8时达到最低,质地最为柔软。随着剪切速率升高,凝胶的黏度均下降,样品的G′和G″随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加也均呈升高趋势。傅里叶红外光谱结果显示,添加了明胶和马铃薯淀粉的样品在波长3295.44 cm-1处的—OH振动发生红移,氢键作用增强。随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加,复配凝胶孔径逐渐减小,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,凝胶孔隙分布呈现出最高的均匀性,打印精度最好,高度打印精确度99.60%,直径打印精确度99.92%,且在1 h内未出现明显塌陷。综上所述,明胶/马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,对大豆分离蛋白凝胶3D打印性能的改善最为显著,这为开发蛋白基3D打印油墨提供理论依据。展开更多
Energetic Semiconductor bridge(ESCB)based on reactive multilayered films(RMFs)has a promising application in the miniature and intelligence of initiator and pyrotechnics device.Understanding the ignition enhancement m...Energetic Semiconductor bridge(ESCB)based on reactive multilayered films(RMFs)has a promising application in the miniature and intelligence of initiator and pyrotechnics device.Understanding the ignition enhancement mechanism of RMFs on semiconductor bridge(SCB)during the ignition process is crucial for the engineering and practical application of advanced initiator and pyrotechnics devices.In this study,a one-dimensional(1D)gas-solid two-phase flow ignition model was established to study the ignition process of ESCB to charge particles based on the reactivity of Al/MoO_(3) RMFs.In order to fully consider the coupled exothermic between the RMFs and the SCB plasma during the ignition process,the heat release of chemical reaction in RMFs was used as an internal heat source in this model.It is found that the exothermal reaction in RMFs improved the ignition performance of SCB.In the process of plasma rapid condensation with heat release,the product of RMFs enhanced the heat transfer process between the gas phase and the solid charge particle,which accelerated the expansion of hot plasma,and heated the solid charge particle as well as gas phase region with low temperature.In addition,it made up for pressure loss in the gas phase.During the plasma dissipation process,the exothermal chemical reaction in RMFs acted as the main heating source to heat the charge particle,making the surface temperature of the charge particle,gas pressure,and gas temperature rise continuously.This result may yield significant advantages in providing a universal ignition model for miniaturized ignition devices.展开更多
随着深空探测任务的不断拓展,传统的地面制造与轨道运输模式逐渐暴露出成本高、响应慢、资源利用效率低等问题。太空3D打印(3D printing in space)技术凭借按需制造与原位构建的优势,成为实现空间制造自主化的关键路径。系统梳理了当前...随着深空探测任务的不断拓展,传统的地面制造与轨道运输模式逐渐暴露出成本高、响应慢、资源利用效率低等问题。太空3D打印(3D printing in space)技术凭借按需制造与原位构建的优势,成为实现空间制造自主化的关键路径。系统梳理了当前太空3D打印的材料体系,包括金属、聚合物、生物及月壤等材料,并分析了在微重力、真空及太空辐射等极端环境下的工艺适应性与技术挑战。同时,探讨了该领域在资源回收、大型太空结构打印等方面的发展方向。旨在为太空3D打印技术的工程化应用与未来深空探索任务提供理论参考与技术支撑。展开更多
井工开采过程中,覆岩运动、应力演化及能量释放是影响安全生产的重要矿压与动力现象,但其隐蔽性、复杂性、间接性等特点给防灾减灾专业的教研教学带来了一定难度与挑战。传统教学方式受限于条件假设和不可视性,制约了学生对灾害机理的...井工开采过程中,覆岩运动、应力演化及能量释放是影响安全生产的重要矿压与动力现象,但其隐蔽性、复杂性、间接性等特点给防灾减灾专业的教研教学带来了一定难度与挑战。传统教学方式受限于条件假设和不可视性,制约了学生对灾害机理的深度理解与应用能力。基于此,该文将FLAC3D(fastlagrangian analysis of continua in 3D)数值模拟技术引入防灾减灾教学体系,阐述FLAC3D在教学中的实用价值,通过两个案例实验演示解释其在教学过程中的可视化、易接受的矿压响应特征、灾害诱因、优化防控措施,并评估教学质量的应用成效,给出优化建议。实践表明FLAC3D数值模拟技术可有效提升学生对矿山岩石力学与矿压响应特征的理解能力,培养其灾害预警与防范思维,以及工程决策能力。未来,随着具备强大数据处理和分析能力的AI技术的快速发展,可进一步与FLAC3D数值模拟基础软件深度联合,解析煤矿开采过程中复杂的数据信息,构建基于数据驱动的煤矿安全+教学与战略人才培养新模式。展开更多
开发了一种使用直写成型(DIW)3D打印方法制备多孔TiO_(2)光催化降解筛的成型技术,厘清了打印浆料中P25粉末、TiO_(2)前驱体溶胶和聚乙烯醇(PVA)含量对其成型性能的影响规律;进一步研究了降解筛的物相组成、微观形貌、能带结构和载流子寿...开发了一种使用直写成型(DIW)3D打印方法制备多孔TiO_(2)光催化降解筛的成型技术,厘清了打印浆料中P25粉末、TiO_(2)前驱体溶胶和聚乙烯醇(PVA)含量对其成型性能的影响规律;进一步研究了降解筛的物相组成、微观形貌、能带结构和载流子寿命,并在模拟自然光下测定了其对盐酸四环素(TC)的光催化降解性能和循环稳定性.结果表明:TiO_(2)前驱体溶胶起到了分散P25颗粒和稳定浆料的作用,而PVA的加入则进一步改善了浆料的流变性能.当使用9 g P25粉末与10 mL TiO_(2)前驱体溶胶和1 mL质量分数为7%的PVA溶液混合时,得到了具有最佳成型性能的打印浆料,制备的降解筛结构完整,无塌陷和开裂.热处理后TiO_(2)前驱体溶胶转化而来的小粒径TiO_(2)填充在P25颗粒之间,起到了增强机械强度的作用,而PVA作为造孔剂极大地丰富了降解筛的孔隙结构.TiO_(2)光催化降解筛对TC表现出优异的光催化性能和循环稳定性,140 min内的降解率为98.4%,并在5次循环之后保持96.0%的降解率.展开更多
目的:探究3 d排尿日记(VD)评估两种儿童严重原发性遗尿(PNE)的价值。方法:采用多中心前瞻性研究,选择2023年1~12月就诊的符合国际儿童尿控协会(ICCS)严重PNE诊断标准(遗尿>4晚/周)的141例患儿(年龄6~15岁),均记录2周VD,分为单症状性P...目的:探究3 d排尿日记(VD)评估两种儿童严重原发性遗尿(PNE)的价值。方法:采用多中心前瞻性研究,选择2023年1~12月就诊的符合国际儿童尿控协会(ICCS)严重PNE诊断标准(遗尿>4晚/周)的141例患儿(年龄6~15岁),均记录2周VD,分为单症状性PNE(MNE)和非单症状性PNE(NMNE)两组;提取3 d VD(第1个周五、周六、周日),比较2周与3 d VD中平均每天排尿次数、平均每次排尿量(AVV)/预期膀胱容量(EBC)、平均最大排尿量(MVV)、平均MVV/EBC、平均夜间排尿量、平均夜间排尿量/EBC的差异。以2周VD是否记录到白天排尿异常为评估NMNE和MNE的金标准,分析3 d VD的诊断效能。结果:128例完成2周VD,其中MNE 87例,NMNE 41例。2周和3 d VD的平均每天排尿次数、AVV/EBC、平均MVV、平均MVV/EBC、平均夜间排尿量、平均夜间排尿量/EBC差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3 d VD诊断MNE和NMNE的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为95.0%、96.6%、96.1%、92.7%和97.7%。结论:3 d VD可以替代2周VD,用于评估、诊断儿童严重MNE和NMNE。展开更多
基金Project(51378510) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘In existing studies, most slope stability analyses concentrate on conditions with constant temperature, assuming the slope is intact, and employ the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure criterion for saturated soil to characterize the strength of the backfill. However, the actual working temperature of slopes varies, and natural phenomena such as rainfall and groundwater infiltration commonly result in unsaturated soil conditions, with cracks typically present in cohesive slopes. This study introduces a novel approach for assessing the stability of unsaturated soil stepped slopes under varying temperatures, incorporating the effects of open and vertical cracks. Utilizing the kinematic approach and gravity increase method, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) rotational wedge failure mechanism to simulate slope collapse, enhancing the traditional two-dimensional analyses. We integrated temperature-dependent functions and nonlinear shear strength equations to evaluate the impact of temperature on four typical unsaturated soil types. A particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to calculate the safety factor, ensuring our method’s accuracy by comparing it with existing studies. The results indicate that considering 3D effects yields a higher safety factor, while cracks reduce slope stability. Each unsaturated soil exhibits a distinctive temperature response curve, highlighting the importance of understanding soil types in the design phase.
文摘为研究不同比例明胶/马铃薯淀粉对大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)凝胶性能及3D打印性能的影响,该文以SPI、明胶和马铃薯淀粉为原料,通过热诱导的方式制备SPI复合凝胶,并对复合凝胶的水分分布、质构、流变特性、结构、微观结构以及3D打印特性等进行了表征。结果表明,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例在1∶8~6∶8(质量比,下同)范围内,随着比例增加,自由水比例降低,不易流动水比例升高,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,不易流动水比例最高,占比为2.48%。复配凝胶的硬度、内聚性和咀嚼性随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加逐渐降低,6∶8时达到最低,质地最为柔软。随着剪切速率升高,凝胶的黏度均下降,样品的G′和G″随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加也均呈升高趋势。傅里叶红外光谱结果显示,添加了明胶和马铃薯淀粉的样品在波长3295.44 cm-1处的—OH振动发生红移,氢键作用增强。随着明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例的增加,复配凝胶孔径逐渐减小,明胶与马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,凝胶孔隙分布呈现出最高的均匀性,打印精度最好,高度打印精确度99.60%,直径打印精确度99.92%,且在1 h内未出现明显塌陷。综上所述,明胶/马铃薯淀粉比例为6∶8时,对大豆分离蛋白凝胶3D打印性能的改善最为显著,这为开发蛋白基3D打印油墨提供理论依据。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22275092,52102107 and 52372084)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.30923010920)。
文摘Energetic Semiconductor bridge(ESCB)based on reactive multilayered films(RMFs)has a promising application in the miniature and intelligence of initiator and pyrotechnics device.Understanding the ignition enhancement mechanism of RMFs on semiconductor bridge(SCB)during the ignition process is crucial for the engineering and practical application of advanced initiator and pyrotechnics devices.In this study,a one-dimensional(1D)gas-solid two-phase flow ignition model was established to study the ignition process of ESCB to charge particles based on the reactivity of Al/MoO_(3) RMFs.In order to fully consider the coupled exothermic between the RMFs and the SCB plasma during the ignition process,the heat release of chemical reaction in RMFs was used as an internal heat source in this model.It is found that the exothermal reaction in RMFs improved the ignition performance of SCB.In the process of plasma rapid condensation with heat release,the product of RMFs enhanced the heat transfer process between the gas phase and the solid charge particle,which accelerated the expansion of hot plasma,and heated the solid charge particle as well as gas phase region with low temperature.In addition,it made up for pressure loss in the gas phase.During the plasma dissipation process,the exothermal chemical reaction in RMFs acted as the main heating source to heat the charge particle,making the surface temperature of the charge particle,gas pressure,and gas temperature rise continuously.This result may yield significant advantages in providing a universal ignition model for miniaturized ignition devices.
文摘随着深空探测任务的不断拓展,传统的地面制造与轨道运输模式逐渐暴露出成本高、响应慢、资源利用效率低等问题。太空3D打印(3D printing in space)技术凭借按需制造与原位构建的优势,成为实现空间制造自主化的关键路径。系统梳理了当前太空3D打印的材料体系,包括金属、聚合物、生物及月壤等材料,并分析了在微重力、真空及太空辐射等极端环境下的工艺适应性与技术挑战。同时,探讨了该领域在资源回收、大型太空结构打印等方面的发展方向。旨在为太空3D打印技术的工程化应用与未来深空探索任务提供理论参考与技术支撑。
文摘井工开采过程中,覆岩运动、应力演化及能量释放是影响安全生产的重要矿压与动力现象,但其隐蔽性、复杂性、间接性等特点给防灾减灾专业的教研教学带来了一定难度与挑战。传统教学方式受限于条件假设和不可视性,制约了学生对灾害机理的深度理解与应用能力。基于此,该文将FLAC3D(fastlagrangian analysis of continua in 3D)数值模拟技术引入防灾减灾教学体系,阐述FLAC3D在教学中的实用价值,通过两个案例实验演示解释其在教学过程中的可视化、易接受的矿压响应特征、灾害诱因、优化防控措施,并评估教学质量的应用成效,给出优化建议。实践表明FLAC3D数值模拟技术可有效提升学生对矿山岩石力学与矿压响应特征的理解能力,培养其灾害预警与防范思维,以及工程决策能力。未来,随着具备强大数据处理和分析能力的AI技术的快速发展,可进一步与FLAC3D数值模拟基础软件深度联合,解析煤矿开采过程中复杂的数据信息,构建基于数据驱动的煤矿安全+教学与战略人才培养新模式。
文摘开发了一种使用直写成型(DIW)3D打印方法制备多孔TiO_(2)光催化降解筛的成型技术,厘清了打印浆料中P25粉末、TiO_(2)前驱体溶胶和聚乙烯醇(PVA)含量对其成型性能的影响规律;进一步研究了降解筛的物相组成、微观形貌、能带结构和载流子寿命,并在模拟自然光下测定了其对盐酸四环素(TC)的光催化降解性能和循环稳定性.结果表明:TiO_(2)前驱体溶胶起到了分散P25颗粒和稳定浆料的作用,而PVA的加入则进一步改善了浆料的流变性能.当使用9 g P25粉末与10 mL TiO_(2)前驱体溶胶和1 mL质量分数为7%的PVA溶液混合时,得到了具有最佳成型性能的打印浆料,制备的降解筛结构完整,无塌陷和开裂.热处理后TiO_(2)前驱体溶胶转化而来的小粒径TiO_(2)填充在P25颗粒之间,起到了增强机械强度的作用,而PVA作为造孔剂极大地丰富了降解筛的孔隙结构.TiO_(2)光催化降解筛对TC表现出优异的光催化性能和循环稳定性,140 min内的降解率为98.4%,并在5次循环之后保持96.0%的降解率.
文摘目的:探究3 d排尿日记(VD)评估两种儿童严重原发性遗尿(PNE)的价值。方法:采用多中心前瞻性研究,选择2023年1~12月就诊的符合国际儿童尿控协会(ICCS)严重PNE诊断标准(遗尿>4晚/周)的141例患儿(年龄6~15岁),均记录2周VD,分为单症状性PNE(MNE)和非单症状性PNE(NMNE)两组;提取3 d VD(第1个周五、周六、周日),比较2周与3 d VD中平均每天排尿次数、平均每次排尿量(AVV)/预期膀胱容量(EBC)、平均最大排尿量(MVV)、平均MVV/EBC、平均夜间排尿量、平均夜间排尿量/EBC的差异。以2周VD是否记录到白天排尿异常为评估NMNE和MNE的金标准,分析3 d VD的诊断效能。结果:128例完成2周VD,其中MNE 87例,NMNE 41例。2周和3 d VD的平均每天排尿次数、AVV/EBC、平均MVV、平均MVV/EBC、平均夜间排尿量、平均夜间排尿量/EBC差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3 d VD诊断MNE和NMNE的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为95.0%、96.6%、96.1%、92.7%和97.7%。结论:3 d VD可以替代2周VD,用于评估、诊断儿童严重MNE和NMNE。
