In this paper, according to the rule of unbalanced sediment transport and the analysis of field data, different water diversion schemes were theoretically studied, including the erosion and sedimentation trend as well...In this paper, according to the rule of unbalanced sediment transport and the analysis of field data, different water diversion schemes were theoretically studied, including the erosion and sedimentation trend as well as their impacts on the environment of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River. The results showed that the 95×10 8m 3 water diversion scheme will cause less erosion and water level decrease than the 15×10 8m 3 water diversion scheme. Using a water diversion scheme of 95×10 8m 3, the decrease of water quantity can impact the river hydrodynamic regime substantially and the environments of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River will be greatly affected. It is therefore necessary to develop new water resources or build projects to meet the need of the environment and the needs for navigation.展开更多
Ⅰ. An analysis of the development trend of the economy in the north,middle aud south coastal regions or China since China began to implementreform and open
There were more expounding to north—west (west) trend fault and north\|east trend fault within Qiangtang Basin, North Part of Tibet, in the past literature. With increasing of geophysical exploration data, nearly eas...There were more expounding to north—west (west) trend fault and north\|east trend fault within Qiangtang Basin, North Part of Tibet, in the past literature. With increasing of geophysical exploration data, nearly east\|west trend structure began to be taken note to. Since the year of 1995, by a synthetic study to geophysical and geological data, that south\|north trend faulted structures are well developed. These structures should be paid much more attention to, because they have important theoretical meaning and practical significance.1 Spreading of south\|north faulted structure belt According to different geological and geophysical data, the six larger scale nearly south\|north faulted structure belt could be distinguished within the scope of east longitude 84°～96° and near Qiangtang Basin. The actual location of the six belts are nearly located in the west of the six meridian of east longitude 85°,87°,89°,91°,93°,95° or located near these meridian. The six south\|north faulted structure belts spread in the same interval with near 2° longitude interval. The more clear and much more significance of south\|north trend faulted structure belts are the two S—N trend faulted structure belts of east longitude 87° and 89°. There are S—N trend faulted structure belts in the west of east longitude 83°,81°, or near the longitudes. The structure belts spreading features,manifestation,geological function and its importance, and inter texture and structure are not exactly so same. The structure belts all different degree caused different region of geological structure or gravity field and magnetic field. There is different scale near S—N trend faulted structure belt between the belts.展开更多
The main canal of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer totals more than 1 240 km in length. In Henan Province and Hebei Province, there will be a section of more than 120 km passing through an exp...The main canal of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer totals more than 1 240 km in length. In Henan Province and Hebei Province, there will be a section of more than 120 km passing through an expansive soils area. Expansive soils is a special kind of tenacious clay, which swells when meeting with water and shrinks when losing water. With complicated mechanical properties, it changes with the variation of water content. As a result, expansive soils become the key object of study on unsaturated soils mechanics for the project. From the status of study on unsaturated soils at home and abroad, this paper covers an analysis on stability analysis method of expansive soils slope, determination of expansive soils strength, rational design of canal slope ratio and support, and forecast of landslide for the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer.展开更多
The factors influencing the water supply price of a hydraulic project include natural conditions and economic policies. This paper thoroughly demonstrates the water price of South-to-North Water Transfer Project from ...The factors influencing the water supply price of a hydraulic project include natural conditions and economic policies. This paper thoroughly demonstrates the water price of South-to-North Water Transfer Project from the viewpoint of economic policies. It is considered that if the project is assigned as a profitable one and built depending on commercial loan from bank completely or mostly, the water price will be too high to be undertaken by users,and if the project places the public good at first while considering the economic benefit, its investment mainly relies on the state (national or local governments) appropriation and self-raised funds and a little from the bank loan on favorable terms, the price determined according to the principle of satisfying the cost and reasonable profit will be relatively lower and can be undertaken by the users in the North China where water shortage is serious. The problem of higher water price of agricultural irrigation to the north of the Yellow River can be tackled by taking measures such as "compensating agriculture by industry" according to foreign practical experiences and relevant suggestions.展开更多
本文以李四光硕士论文(1918)和在此基础上发表的《中国地势变迁小史》(1922)文章为主要背景,总结李四光20世纪20~30年代在中国南北方地质对比方面提出的主要观点。研究认为,李四光早期应用传统地质学“比较学研究法”对中国古地势和构...本文以李四光硕士论文(1918)和在此基础上发表的《中国地势变迁小史》(1922)文章为主要背景,总结李四光20世纪20~30年代在中国南北方地质对比方面提出的主要观点。研究认为,李四光早期应用传统地质学“比较学研究法”对中国古地势和构造古地理方面的研究大致包含以下思想:中国地质对比的“南北差异论”、中国地层旋回对比的“北简南繁论”、中国“南北大陆的跷跷板运动观”、“西北复杂性”论断及北方地质的“东西差异论”、华北及陕西地区“大域切割(改造)论”与“大域(建造)相联一贯论”、“四川古陆说”、“川—湖—下扬子构造沉积区”等思想要素,同时还提出南北方存在“南北两大气候区”论断,潜在的“中国北方古气候一体论”等观点。文章进一步阐述李四光中国南北方地质对比观在中国地质学学科史方面的意义。研究发现,李四光的成果早于Grabau的著作,是早期中国学者在中国地质研究及构造古地理方面的重要成就,在中国主要构造单位划分方面的“单元五分”思想为黄汲清《中国主要地质构造单位》的产生做出了先导性储备;李四光所提的“南方大陆”概念早于Grabau“华夏古陆”概念。中国地质的构造单元划分经过Willis and Blackwelder、李四光、Grabau、黄汲清的研究而逐渐清晰起来。李四光在中国地质南北对比中还提出了“多岛海”概念,“多岛海”的提出早于许靖华和潘桂棠的著作。李四光将前述差异性放在统一的欧亚非大陆群体系之下,深化了Suess的“古地中海”概念,并将“古地中海”划分为“北部(带)”和“南部(带)”,被后世发展为“古亚洲洋构造域”和“特提斯构造域”。李四光是中国最早进行气候分区和古生物分区的第一人,也是系统论述中国构造古地理的第一位华人学者,并建立了中国较为系统的构造古地理框架。展开更多
基于2010~2019年ERA5单层再分析资料,结合安徽省淮南森林观测站2016年5月1日至2017年4月30日的大气边界层塔(PBL塔)观测资料,驱动陆面模式CLM4.5(Community Land Model Version 4.5),模拟了淮南山地森林下垫面上的陆面过程,并比较分析...基于2010~2019年ERA5单层再分析资料,结合安徽省淮南森林观测站2016年5月1日至2017年4月30日的大气边界层塔(PBL塔)观测资料,驱动陆面模式CLM4.5(Community Land Model Version 4.5),模拟了淮南山地森林下垫面上的陆面过程,并比较分析了不同驱动场对其影响,同时设计了土壤质地对土壤湿度影响的三个模拟试验。结果表明,CLM4.5对淮南森林陆气交换过程表现了较好的模拟性能,PBL塔观测资料驱动的总体模拟效果优于ERA5再分析资料的。在辐射模拟方面,CLM4.5利用ERA5资料和PBL塔观测资料,都很好地模拟了辐射分量,特别是PBL塔观测资料驱动的全年模拟结果与观测相关系数达0.97以上,均方根误差在25.056 W m^(-2)以下。ERA5再分析资料强迫模拟的相关系数略低,但也达到了0.92,均方根误差在29.939 W m^(-2)以下。在土壤温度模拟方面,相关系数都达到0.98以上;土壤湿度模拟的相关系数都在0.86以上,但系统性偏高;对感热通量的模拟全年平均的相关系数分别为0.72和0.78。实测的三层土壤质地加上深层给定的土壤质地的数据对土壤湿度的模拟结果与观测最为接近,土壤质地的准确描述可以大幅提高土壤湿度的模拟。本研究发现ERA5单层再分析资料在淮南森林站精度较好,可以应用于该山地森林区域陆—气交换过程的模拟研究。展开更多
文摘In this paper, according to the rule of unbalanced sediment transport and the analysis of field data, different water diversion schemes were theoretically studied, including the erosion and sedimentation trend as well as their impacts on the environment of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River. The results showed that the 95×10 8m 3 water diversion scheme will cause less erosion and water level decrease than the 15×10 8m 3 water diversion scheme. Using a water diversion scheme of 95×10 8m 3, the decrease of water quantity can impact the river hydrodynamic regime substantially and the environments of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River will be greatly affected. It is therefore necessary to develop new water resources or build projects to meet the need of the environment and the needs for navigation.
文摘Ⅰ. An analysis of the development trend of the economy in the north,middle aud south coastal regions or China since China began to implementreform and open
文摘There were more expounding to north—west (west) trend fault and north\|east trend fault within Qiangtang Basin, North Part of Tibet, in the past literature. With increasing of geophysical exploration data, nearly east\|west trend structure began to be taken note to. Since the year of 1995, by a synthetic study to geophysical and geological data, that south\|north trend faulted structures are well developed. These structures should be paid much more attention to, because they have important theoretical meaning and practical significance.1 Spreading of south\|north faulted structure belt According to different geological and geophysical data, the six larger scale nearly south\|north faulted structure belt could be distinguished within the scope of east longitude 84°～96° and near Qiangtang Basin. The actual location of the six belts are nearly located in the west of the six meridian of east longitude 85°,87°,89°,91°,93°,95° or located near these meridian. The six south\|north faulted structure belts spread in the same interval with near 2° longitude interval. The more clear and much more significance of south\|north trend faulted structure belts are the two S—N trend faulted structure belts of east longitude 87° and 89°. There are S—N trend faulted structure belts in the west of east longitude 83°,81°, or near the longitudes. The structure belts spreading features,manifestation,geological function and its importance, and inter texture and structure are not exactly so same. The structure belts all different degree caused different region of geological structure or gravity field and magnetic field. There is different scale near S—N trend faulted structure belt between the belts.
文摘The main canal of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer totals more than 1 240 km in length. In Henan Province and Hebei Province, there will be a section of more than 120 km passing through an expansive soils area. Expansive soils is a special kind of tenacious clay, which swells when meeting with water and shrinks when losing water. With complicated mechanical properties, it changes with the variation of water content. As a result, expansive soils become the key object of study on unsaturated soils mechanics for the project. From the status of study on unsaturated soils at home and abroad, this paper covers an analysis on stability analysis method of expansive soils slope, determination of expansive soils strength, rational design of canal slope ratio and support, and forecast of landslide for the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer.
文摘The factors influencing the water supply price of a hydraulic project include natural conditions and economic policies. This paper thoroughly demonstrates the water price of South-to-North Water Transfer Project from the viewpoint of economic policies. It is considered that if the project is assigned as a profitable one and built depending on commercial loan from bank completely or mostly, the water price will be too high to be undertaken by users,and if the project places the public good at first while considering the economic benefit, its investment mainly relies on the state (national or local governments) appropriation and self-raised funds and a little from the bank loan on favorable terms, the price determined according to the principle of satisfying the cost and reasonable profit will be relatively lower and can be undertaken by the users in the North China where water shortage is serious. The problem of higher water price of agricultural irrigation to the north of the Yellow River can be tackled by taking measures such as "compensating agriculture by industry" according to foreign practical experiences and relevant suggestions.
文摘本文以李四光硕士论文(1918)和在此基础上发表的《中国地势变迁小史》(1922)文章为主要背景,总结李四光20世纪20~30年代在中国南北方地质对比方面提出的主要观点。研究认为,李四光早期应用传统地质学“比较学研究法”对中国古地势和构造古地理方面的研究大致包含以下思想:中国地质对比的“南北差异论”、中国地层旋回对比的“北简南繁论”、中国“南北大陆的跷跷板运动观”、“西北复杂性”论断及北方地质的“东西差异论”、华北及陕西地区“大域切割(改造)论”与“大域(建造)相联一贯论”、“四川古陆说”、“川—湖—下扬子构造沉积区”等思想要素,同时还提出南北方存在“南北两大气候区”论断,潜在的“中国北方古气候一体论”等观点。文章进一步阐述李四光中国南北方地质对比观在中国地质学学科史方面的意义。研究发现,李四光的成果早于Grabau的著作,是早期中国学者在中国地质研究及构造古地理方面的重要成就,在中国主要构造单位划分方面的“单元五分”思想为黄汲清《中国主要地质构造单位》的产生做出了先导性储备;李四光所提的“南方大陆”概念早于Grabau“华夏古陆”概念。中国地质的构造单元划分经过Willis and Blackwelder、李四光、Grabau、黄汲清的研究而逐渐清晰起来。李四光在中国地质南北对比中还提出了“多岛海”概念,“多岛海”的提出早于许靖华和潘桂棠的著作。李四光将前述差异性放在统一的欧亚非大陆群体系之下,深化了Suess的“古地中海”概念,并将“古地中海”划分为“北部(带)”和“南部(带)”,被后世发展为“古亚洲洋构造域”和“特提斯构造域”。李四光是中国最早进行气候分区和古生物分区的第一人,也是系统论述中国构造古地理的第一位华人学者,并建立了中国较为系统的构造古地理框架。
文摘基于2010~2019年ERA5单层再分析资料,结合安徽省淮南森林观测站2016年5月1日至2017年4月30日的大气边界层塔(PBL塔)观测资料,驱动陆面模式CLM4.5(Community Land Model Version 4.5),模拟了淮南山地森林下垫面上的陆面过程,并比较分析了不同驱动场对其影响,同时设计了土壤质地对土壤湿度影响的三个模拟试验。结果表明,CLM4.5对淮南森林陆气交换过程表现了较好的模拟性能,PBL塔观测资料驱动的总体模拟效果优于ERA5再分析资料的。在辐射模拟方面,CLM4.5利用ERA5资料和PBL塔观测资料,都很好地模拟了辐射分量,特别是PBL塔观测资料驱动的全年模拟结果与观测相关系数达0.97以上,均方根误差在25.056 W m^(-2)以下。ERA5再分析资料强迫模拟的相关系数略低,但也达到了0.92,均方根误差在29.939 W m^(-2)以下。在土壤温度模拟方面,相关系数都达到0.98以上;土壤湿度模拟的相关系数都在0.86以上,但系统性偏高;对感热通量的模拟全年平均的相关系数分别为0.72和0.78。实测的三层土壤质地加上深层给定的土壤质地的数据对土壤湿度的模拟结果与观测最为接近,土壤质地的准确描述可以大幅提高土壤湿度的模拟。本研究发现ERA5单层再分析资料在淮南森林站精度较好,可以应用于该山地森林区域陆—气交换过程的模拟研究。
