The remote sensing （RS） and geographical information system （GIS） technologies were adopted and a mathematic method was developed to evaluate the changes of ecosystem services in the upper reaches of Minjiang Rive...The remote sensing （RS） and geographical information system （GIS） technologies were adopted and a mathematic method was developed to evaluate the changes of ecosystem services in the upper reaches of Minjiang River-valley for providing advices to manage the ecosystem. The results showed that the land use change mainly occurred on forest, farmland and grassland. From 1986 to 1994, the area of farmland increased by 477% （60801 hm^2）, while the area of forest decreased by 4.97% （89012.17 hm^2）. From 1986 to 2000, the eco-service value of forest was degressive but that of farmland increased greatly as the increasing of planting area, while the total eco-service value decreased by 771.11×10^8 yuan RMB due to the rapid increase of population in this region. The driving force of eco-service change was also discussed in the paper. The nation policy of Natural Forest Protection Project has taken effect in preventing the decline of eco-services.展开更多
Sediment discharge from the Yellow River originates mainly from the drainage area between Hekouzhen and Longmen, i.e., the Helong area. Spatial-temporal variations of the vegetation cover in this area during the 1981-...Sediment discharge from the Yellow River originates mainly from the drainage area between Hekouzhen and Longmen, i.e., the Helong area. Spatial-temporal variations of the vegetation cover in this area during the 1981-2007 period have been investigated using GIMMS and SPOT VGT NDVI data. We have also analyzed the interannual variations in vegetation cover and changes in annual runoff and sediment discharge, the consequences from precipitation change and the Grain for Green Project （GGP）. The results show that vegetation cover of the Helong area has increased during the 1981-2007 period. The northwestern part the Helong area, where the flat sandy lands are covered by grass, has experienced the largest increase. The region where the vegetation cover has declined is largely found in the southern and southeastern Helong area, which is a gullied hilly area or forested. Although precipitation was relatively low during the 1999-2007 period, the vegetation cover showed a significant increase in the Helong area, due to the implementation of the GGP. During this period, the most significant improvement in the vegetation cover occurred mainly in the gullied hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, such as the drainage basins of the Kuyehe and Tuweihe rivers and the middle and lower reaches of the Wudinghe and Yanhe rivers. A comparison of the average annual maximum NDVI between the earlier （1998-2002） stage and the next five years （2003-2007） of the GGP indicates that the areas with increases of 10% and 20% in NDVI account for 72.5% and 36.4% of the total area, respectively. Interannual variation of annual runoff and sediment discharge shows a declining trend, especially since the 1980s, when the decrease became very obvious. Compared with the 1950-1969 period, the average runoff during the 1980-2007 period was reduced by 34.8 × 10^8 m3 and the sediment discharge by 6.4 ×10^8 t, accounting for 49.4% and 64.9% of that in the 1950-1969 period, respectively. There is a positive correlation between the annual maximum NDVI and annual runoff and sediment discharge. This correlation was reversed since the implementation of the GGP in 1999 and vegetation cover in the He- long area has increased, associated with the decrease in runoff and sediment discharge. Less precipitation has been an important fac- tor driving the decrease in runoff and sediment discharge during 1999 2007. However, restoration and improvement of the vegetation cover may also have played a significant role in accelerating the decrease in annual runoff and sediment discharge by enhancing evapotranspiration and alleviating soil erosion.展开更多
[目的]河川径流是西北干旱区重要的水资源,辨析其变化特征及影响因素对于认识气候变化背景下的河流水文变化规律具有重要意义。[方法]以黑河上游为研究区域,根据水文站所控制的流域对黑河上游进行分区,基于黑河上游各水文站径流、降水...[目的]河川径流是西北干旱区重要的水资源,辨析其变化特征及影响因素对于认识气候变化背景下的河流水文变化规律具有重要意义。[方法]以黑河上游为研究区域,根据水文站所控制的流域对黑河上游进行分区,基于黑河上游各水文站径流、降水等数据,结合累积距平、Mann-Kendall检验、双累积曲线等方法,探讨气候变化背景下径流演变规律。[结果]1968—2022年黑河上游各分区年径流量变化均呈显著增加趋势,八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流和黑河上游年径流量分别以0.29亿m^(3)/10 a, 0.69亿m^(3)/10 a, 0.39亿m^(3)/10 a, 1.36亿m^(3)/10 a的速率增加,八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流对于黑河上游流域径流量的贡献率分别为28.11%,46.31%,25.58%,野牛沟对流域径流量贡献率最大,区间干流最小;八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流和黑河上游的年径流量分别在2002年、2006年、1979年和2002年发生了由少到多的突变,年径流量平均值突变后较突变前分别增加41.76%,29.78%,67.49%和29.53%,区间干流突变后较突变前年径流量年际变化大,其他各区年径流量年际差异性变小;降水和人类活动对八宝河流域径流变化的贡献率分别为63.89%和36.11%,对野牛沟流域径流变化的贡献率分别为55.22%和44.78%,对黑河上游径流量变化的贡献率分别为53.89%和46.51%。[结论]整体来说,气候变化背景下黑河上游的年径流量呈显著增加趋势,降水是径流变化的主要原因。展开更多
基金This study was supported and funded by the projects of NKBRSF, P.R. China (No. 2002CB111506)
文摘The remote sensing （RS） and geographical information system （GIS） technologies were adopted and a mathematic method was developed to evaluate the changes of ecosystem services in the upper reaches of Minjiang River-valley for providing advices to manage the ecosystem. The results showed that the land use change mainly occurred on forest, farmland and grassland. From 1986 to 1994, the area of farmland increased by 477% （60801 hm^2）, while the area of forest decreased by 4.97% （89012.17 hm^2）. From 1986 to 2000, the eco-service value of forest was degressive but that of farmland increased greatly as the increasing of planting area, while the total eco-service value decreased by 771.11×10^8 yuan RMB due to the rapid increase of population in this region. The driving force of eco-service change was also discussed in the paper. The nation policy of Natural Forest Protection Project has taken effect in preventing the decline of eco-services.
基金supported by Beijing Forestry University for Young Scientist and funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40871136)
文摘Sediment discharge from the Yellow River originates mainly from the drainage area between Hekouzhen and Longmen, i.e., the Helong area. Spatial-temporal variations of the vegetation cover in this area during the 1981-2007 period have been investigated using GIMMS and SPOT VGT NDVI data. We have also analyzed the interannual variations in vegetation cover and changes in annual runoff and sediment discharge, the consequences from precipitation change and the Grain for Green Project （GGP）. The results show that vegetation cover of the Helong area has increased during the 1981-2007 period. The northwestern part the Helong area, where the flat sandy lands are covered by grass, has experienced the largest increase. The region where the vegetation cover has declined is largely found in the southern and southeastern Helong area, which is a gullied hilly area or forested. Although precipitation was relatively low during the 1999-2007 period, the vegetation cover showed a significant increase in the Helong area, due to the implementation of the GGP. During this period, the most significant improvement in the vegetation cover occurred mainly in the gullied hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, such as the drainage basins of the Kuyehe and Tuweihe rivers and the middle and lower reaches of the Wudinghe and Yanhe rivers. A comparison of the average annual maximum NDVI between the earlier （1998-2002） stage and the next five years （2003-2007） of the GGP indicates that the areas with increases of 10% and 20% in NDVI account for 72.5% and 36.4% of the total area, respectively. Interannual variation of annual runoff and sediment discharge shows a declining trend, especially since the 1980s, when the decrease became very obvious. Compared with the 1950-1969 period, the average runoff during the 1980-2007 period was reduced by 34.8 × 10^8 m3 and the sediment discharge by 6.4 ×10^8 t, accounting for 49.4% and 64.9% of that in the 1950-1969 period, respectively. There is a positive correlation between the annual maximum NDVI and annual runoff and sediment discharge. This correlation was reversed since the implementation of the GGP in 1999 and vegetation cover in the He- long area has increased, associated with the decrease in runoff and sediment discharge. Less precipitation has been an important fac- tor driving the decrease in runoff and sediment discharge during 1999 2007. However, restoration and improvement of the vegetation cover may also have played a significant role in accelerating the decrease in annual runoff and sediment discharge by enhancing evapotranspiration and alleviating soil erosion.
文摘[目的]河川径流是西北干旱区重要的水资源,辨析其变化特征及影响因素对于认识气候变化背景下的河流水文变化规律具有重要意义。[方法]以黑河上游为研究区域,根据水文站所控制的流域对黑河上游进行分区,基于黑河上游各水文站径流、降水等数据,结合累积距平、Mann-Kendall检验、双累积曲线等方法,探讨气候变化背景下径流演变规律。[结果]1968—2022年黑河上游各分区年径流量变化均呈显著增加趋势,八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流和黑河上游年径流量分别以0.29亿m^(3)/10 a, 0.69亿m^(3)/10 a, 0.39亿m^(3)/10 a, 1.36亿m^(3)/10 a的速率增加,八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流对于黑河上游流域径流量的贡献率分别为28.11%,46.31%,25.58%,野牛沟对流域径流量贡献率最大,区间干流最小;八宝河、野牛沟、区间干流和黑河上游的年径流量分别在2002年、2006年、1979年和2002年发生了由少到多的突变,年径流量平均值突变后较突变前分别增加41.76%,29.78%,67.49%和29.53%,区间干流突变后较突变前年径流量年际变化大,其他各区年径流量年际差异性变小;降水和人类活动对八宝河流域径流变化的贡献率分别为63.89%和36.11%,对野牛沟流域径流变化的贡献率分别为55.22%和44.78%,对黑河上游径流量变化的贡献率分别为53.89%和46.51%。[结论]整体来说,气候变化背景下黑河上游的年径流量呈显著增加趋势,降水是径流变化的主要原因。
