Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Changbai Mountain is situated between E127°54′-128°08′, N40°58′-42°06′ about 2700 meters above sea level. It is the typical area of the mountainous climate in the monsoon area ...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Changbai Mountain is situated between E127°54′-128°08′, N40°58′-42°06′ about 2700 meters above sea level. It is the typical area of the mountainous climate in the monsoon area of the temperate zone on the globe. The well reserved primeval vertical distribution of natural landscape belts and the Natural Conservation of Changbai Mountains adopted by the UNESCO′s MAB Program cause the worldwide attention of geographers. Beside the complexity of the climatic structure itself, the mechanical effection of the high mountain body also effect the climate in the eastern part of China. In the mountain area where short of meteorological observation data, the climatic study by remote sensing is favorable for discovery and representation of climatic law in large area.展开更多
Globally,aerial photos and satellite images have been significantly used for the estimation and change analysis of different landcover features.In this study, change analysis has been performed along coastal extent of...Globally,aerial photos and satellite images have been significantly used for the estimation and change analysis of different landcover features.In this study, change analysis has been performed along coastal extent of the selected part of Indus Delta.The study successfully deals with the temporal mapping of sea invasion/land degradation,mangroves extent and agricultural patterns.Aerial photos of 1952展开更多
再分析数据集对于水文模拟和可靠的水资源管理具有吸引力,特别是对于气象资料匮乏的地区。研究以黄河源为研究区,使用中国大气同化驱动数据集(the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model,CMADS)驱动SW...再分析数据集对于水文模拟和可靠的水资源管理具有吸引力,特别是对于气象资料匮乏的地区。研究以黄河源为研究区,使用中国大气同化驱动数据集(the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model,CMADS)驱动SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型进行日尺度径流模拟并使用SWAT-CUP(SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program)和SUFI-2(Sequential Uncertainty Fitting-2)算法进行率定和验证,评估CMADS的精度及其对黄河源区水文模拟的适用性。结果表明:(1)CMADS在黄河源区的日尺度气温精度非常高,与流域内8个气象站实测数据的相关系数均在0.95以上。汛期日降水精度令人满意,相对误差基本在±10%之间,非汛期的日降水精度差,相对误差基本在-30%到-50%之间。(2)SWAT模型在黄河源区水文模拟的适用性非常强,利用气象站观测数据驱动SWAT模型得到率定期和验证期的NSE、R2、PBIAS、RSR和KGE各项评价指标等级均为非常好。(3)采用两种方法对CMADS水文模拟适用性进行评估。方法一是用CMADS驱动SWAT模型率定和验证并进行水文模拟;方法二是用CMADS驱动已经用实测气象数据率定好最佳参数的SWAT模型进行水文模拟。结果发现,CMADS在黄河源区水文模拟与实测流量相关性高,但是容易低估流量,总体来看,CMADS在黄河源区水文模拟适用性不错,其中方法一比方法二的水文模拟效果好。研究的结果证明CMADS可为气象资料稀缺的高寒山区提供较为可靠的数据来源,为扩大水文模拟的时间和空间尺度提供了可能。展开更多
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Changbai Mountain is situated between E127°54′-128°08′, N40°58′-42°06′ about 2700 meters above sea level. It is the typical area of the mountainous climate in the monsoon area of the temperate zone on the globe. The well reserved primeval vertical distribution of natural landscape belts and the Natural Conservation of Changbai Mountains adopted by the UNESCO′s MAB Program cause the worldwide attention of geographers. Beside the complexity of the climatic structure itself, the mechanical effection of the high mountain body also effect the climate in the eastern part of China. In the mountain area where short of meteorological observation data, the climatic study by remote sensing is favorable for discovery and representation of climatic law in large area.
文摘Globally,aerial photos and satellite images have been significantly used for the estimation and change analysis of different landcover features.In this study, change analysis has been performed along coastal extent of the selected part of Indus Delta.The study successfully deals with the temporal mapping of sea invasion/land degradation,mangroves extent and agricultural patterns.Aerial photos of 1952
文摘再分析数据集对于水文模拟和可靠的水资源管理具有吸引力,特别是对于气象资料匮乏的地区。研究以黄河源为研究区,使用中国大气同化驱动数据集(the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model,CMADS)驱动SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型进行日尺度径流模拟并使用SWAT-CUP(SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program)和SUFI-2(Sequential Uncertainty Fitting-2)算法进行率定和验证,评估CMADS的精度及其对黄河源区水文模拟的适用性。结果表明:(1)CMADS在黄河源区的日尺度气温精度非常高,与流域内8个气象站实测数据的相关系数均在0.95以上。汛期日降水精度令人满意,相对误差基本在±10%之间,非汛期的日降水精度差,相对误差基本在-30%到-50%之间。(2)SWAT模型在黄河源区水文模拟的适用性非常强,利用气象站观测数据驱动SWAT模型得到率定期和验证期的NSE、R2、PBIAS、RSR和KGE各项评价指标等级均为非常好。(3)采用两种方法对CMADS水文模拟适用性进行评估。方法一是用CMADS驱动SWAT模型率定和验证并进行水文模拟;方法二是用CMADS驱动已经用实测气象数据率定好最佳参数的SWAT模型进行水文模拟。结果发现,CMADS在黄河源区水文模拟与实测流量相关性高,但是容易低估流量,总体来看,CMADS在黄河源区水文模拟适用性不错,其中方法一比方法二的水文模拟效果好。研究的结果证明CMADS可为气象资料稀缺的高寒山区提供较为可靠的数据来源,为扩大水文模拟的时间和空间尺度提供了可能。
