In the present paper,a new criterion is derived to obtain the optimum fitting curve while using Cubic B-spline basis functions to remove the statistical noise in the spectroscopic data.In this criterion,firstly,smooth...In the present paper,a new criterion is derived to obtain the optimum fitting curve while using Cubic B-spline basis functions to remove the statistical noise in the spectroscopic data.In this criterion,firstly,smoothed fitting curves using Cubic B-spline basis functions are selected with the increasing knot number.Then,the best fitting curves are selected according to the value of the minimum residual sum of squares(RSS)of two adjacent fitting curves.In the case of more than one best fitting curves,the authors use Reinsch's first condition to find a better one.The minimum residual sum of squares(RSS)of fitting curve with noisy data is not recommended as the criterion to determine the best fitting curve,because this value decreases to zero as the number of selected channels increases and the minimum value gives no smoothing effect.Compared with Reinsch's method,the derived criterion is simple and enables the smoothing conditions to be determined automatically without any initial input parameter.With the derived criterion,the satisfactory result was obtained for the experimental spectroscopic data to remove the statistical noise using Cubic B-spline basis functions.展开更多
For the purpose of improving efficiency and realizing start–stop function, an electric oil pump(EOP) is integrated into an 8-speed automatic transmission(AT). A mathematical model is built to calculate the transmissi...For the purpose of improving efficiency and realizing start–stop function, an electric oil pump(EOP) is integrated into an 8-speed automatic transmission(AT). A mathematical model is built to calculate the transmission power loss and the hydraulic system leakage. Based on this model, a flow-based control strategy is developed for EOP to satisfy the system flow requirement. This control strategy is verified through the forward driving simulation. The results indicate that there is a best combination for the size of mechanical oil pump(MOP) and EOP in terms of minimum energy consumption. In order to get a quick and smooth starting process, control strategies of the EOP and the on-coming clutch are proposed. The test environment on a prototype vehicle is built to verify the feasibility of the integrated EOP and its control strategies. The results show that the selected EOP can satisfy the flow requirement and a quick and smooth starting performance is achieved in the start–stop function. This research has a high value for the forward design of EOP in automatic transmissions with respect to efficiency improvement and start–stop function.展开更多
目的:通过两项随机对照实验,探讨中等强度有氧运动联合多感官刺激对情绪的改善效益及生理机制。方法:实验一采用2(时间:前测、后测)×2(仅视觉刺激、视听嗅联合刺激)的双因素混合设计,招募48名被试,随机分组进行10 min中等强度有氧...目的:通过两项随机对照实验,探讨中等强度有氧运动联合多感官刺激对情绪的改善效益及生理机制。方法:实验一采用2(时间:前测、后测)×2(仅视觉刺激、视听嗅联合刺激)的双因素混合设计,招募48名被试,随机分组进行10 min中等强度有氧运动实验。鉴于多感官刺激研究中视觉刺激是基础感官刺激方式,实验二在全过程视觉刺激的基础上采用2(时间:前测、后测)×4(联合听觉、嗅觉、先听觉后嗅觉和先嗅觉后听觉刺激)的双因素混合设计,招募64名被试,随机分组进行10 min中等强度有氧运动实验。结果:实验一:1)运动后,视听嗅组的积极情绪得分和消极情绪得分显著优于仅视觉组;2)运动后,视听嗅觉组的全程相邻R-R间期差的均方根(root mean square of successive differences,RMSSD)、高频功率(high frequency,HF)显著高于仅视觉组,收缩压(systolic pressure,SBP)显著低于仅视觉组。实验二:1)运动后,听觉组的积极情绪得分显著高于嗅觉组与先嗅后听组;2)运动后,听觉组和先听后嗅组的消极情绪得分显著低于嗅觉组;3)嗅觉组与先听后嗅组血压(blood pressure,BP)的均值下降幅度大于听觉组与先嗅后听组,低频功率(low frequency,LF)、HF、RMSSD、正常窦性心搏R-R间期的标准差(standard deviation of the nn intervals,SDNN)的均值下降幅度小于听觉组与先嗅后听组,但未达到显著性水平。结论:中等强度有氧运动联合单一或多感官刺激均能有效缓解消极情绪,但仅多感官刺激能有效提升积极情绪,其生理机制在于能有效降低副交感神经活性耗损程度;有氧运动联合多感官刺激中给予听觉刺激比嗅觉刺激能更好地改善情绪主观体验;仅视觉、听觉和嗅觉3种感官同时受到刺激时,副交感神经活性耗损程度有效降低,接受两种感官刺激时,不同刺激组合或不同刺激顺序的效果均不显著。展开更多
船舶在自动靠泊过程中会受到风、浪、流和岸壁效应等因素的影响,故需要精确的路径规划方法防止靠泊失败。针对全驱动船舶靠泊过程的基于双深度Q网络(double deep Q network,DDQN)算法,设计了一种船舶自动靠泊路径规划方法。首先建立船...船舶在自动靠泊过程中会受到风、浪、流和岸壁效应等因素的影响,故需要精确的路径规划方法防止靠泊失败。针对全驱动船舶靠泊过程的基于双深度Q网络(double deep Q network,DDQN)算法,设计了一种船舶自动靠泊路径规划方法。首先建立船舶三自由度模型,然后通过将距离、航向、推力、时间和碰撞作为奖励或惩罚,改进奖励函数。随后引入DDQN来学习动作奖励模型,并使用学习结果来操纵船舶运动。通过追求更高的奖励值,船舶可以自行找到最优的靠泊路径。实验结果表明,在不同水流速度下,船舶都可以在完成靠泊的同时减小时间和推力,并且在相同水流速度下,DDQN算法与Q-learning、SARSA(state action reward state action)、深度Q网络(deep Q network,DQN)等算法相比,靠泊过程推力分别减小了241.940、234.614、80.202 N,且时间仅为252.485 s。展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao(China)grant(No.042/2007/A3,No.003/2008/A1)partly supported by NSFC Project(No.10631080)National Key Basic Research Project of China grant(No.2004CB318000)
文摘In the present paper,a new criterion is derived to obtain the optimum fitting curve while using Cubic B-spline basis functions to remove the statistical noise in the spectroscopic data.In this criterion,firstly,smoothed fitting curves using Cubic B-spline basis functions are selected with the increasing knot number.Then,the best fitting curves are selected according to the value of the minimum residual sum of squares(RSS)of two adjacent fitting curves.In the case of more than one best fitting curves,the authors use Reinsch's first condition to find a better one.The minimum residual sum of squares(RSS)of fitting curve with noisy data is not recommended as the criterion to determine the best fitting curve,because this value decreases to zero as the number of selected channels increases and the minimum value gives no smoothing effect.Compared with Reinsch's method,the derived criterion is simple and enables the smoothing conditions to be determined automatically without any initial input parameter.With the derived criterion,the satisfactory result was obtained for the experimental spectroscopic data to remove the statistical noise using Cubic B-spline basis functions.
基金Project(51405010)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011BAG09B00)supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program of China
文摘For the purpose of improving efficiency and realizing start–stop function, an electric oil pump(EOP) is integrated into an 8-speed automatic transmission(AT). A mathematical model is built to calculate the transmission power loss and the hydraulic system leakage. Based on this model, a flow-based control strategy is developed for EOP to satisfy the system flow requirement. This control strategy is verified through the forward driving simulation. The results indicate that there is a best combination for the size of mechanical oil pump(MOP) and EOP in terms of minimum energy consumption. In order to get a quick and smooth starting process, control strategies of the EOP and the on-coming clutch are proposed. The test environment on a prototype vehicle is built to verify the feasibility of the integrated EOP and its control strategies. The results show that the selected EOP can satisfy the flow requirement and a quick and smooth starting performance is achieved in the start–stop function. This research has a high value for the forward design of EOP in automatic transmissions with respect to efficiency improvement and start–stop function.
文摘目的:通过两项随机对照实验,探讨中等强度有氧运动联合多感官刺激对情绪的改善效益及生理机制。方法:实验一采用2(时间:前测、后测)×2(仅视觉刺激、视听嗅联合刺激)的双因素混合设计,招募48名被试,随机分组进行10 min中等强度有氧运动实验。鉴于多感官刺激研究中视觉刺激是基础感官刺激方式,实验二在全过程视觉刺激的基础上采用2(时间:前测、后测)×4(联合听觉、嗅觉、先听觉后嗅觉和先嗅觉后听觉刺激)的双因素混合设计,招募64名被试,随机分组进行10 min中等强度有氧运动实验。结果:实验一:1)运动后,视听嗅组的积极情绪得分和消极情绪得分显著优于仅视觉组;2)运动后,视听嗅觉组的全程相邻R-R间期差的均方根(root mean square of successive differences,RMSSD)、高频功率(high frequency,HF)显著高于仅视觉组,收缩压(systolic pressure,SBP)显著低于仅视觉组。实验二:1)运动后,听觉组的积极情绪得分显著高于嗅觉组与先嗅后听组;2)运动后,听觉组和先听后嗅组的消极情绪得分显著低于嗅觉组;3)嗅觉组与先听后嗅组血压(blood pressure,BP)的均值下降幅度大于听觉组与先嗅后听组,低频功率(low frequency,LF)、HF、RMSSD、正常窦性心搏R-R间期的标准差(standard deviation of the nn intervals,SDNN)的均值下降幅度小于听觉组与先嗅后听组,但未达到显著性水平。结论:中等强度有氧运动联合单一或多感官刺激均能有效缓解消极情绪,但仅多感官刺激能有效提升积极情绪,其生理机制在于能有效降低副交感神经活性耗损程度;有氧运动联合多感官刺激中给予听觉刺激比嗅觉刺激能更好地改善情绪主观体验;仅视觉、听觉和嗅觉3种感官同时受到刺激时,副交感神经活性耗损程度有效降低,接受两种感官刺激时,不同刺激组合或不同刺激顺序的效果均不显著。
