针对柴油发动机推进特性下的中高负荷工况出现的NO_(x)排放峰值现象,以及燃油价格日益上涨带来降低油耗率的迫切需求,本研究通过调节柴油/甲醇组合燃烧(diesel/methanol compound combustion,DMCC)发动机多种控制参数,在保证动力性前提...针对柴油发动机推进特性下的中高负荷工况出现的NO_(x)排放峰值现象,以及燃油价格日益上涨带来降低油耗率的迫切需求,本研究通过调节柴油/甲醇组合燃烧(diesel/methanol compound combustion,DMCC)发动机多种控制参数,在保证动力性前提下,实现NO_(x)排放和有效燃油消耗率(brake specific fuel consumption,BSFC)的同步下降。为避免大规模试验带来的成本增加,首先基于高斯过程回归建立DMCC发动机排放的NO_(x)体积分数、BSFC和指示功率预测模型;然后将所建模型与第二代非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅱ)结合,对NO_(x)的体积分数和BSFC进行优化,并将Pareto前沿解集代入逼近理想解排序法(the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)寻找最优控制参数组合;最后将最优控制参数组合标定至电子控制单元,与原机数据进行对比分析。结果表明:基于高斯过程回归建立的预测模型的拟合优度大于0.95,均方根误差小于1,具有良好的一致性和准确性;使用NSGA-Ⅱ获取的最佳控制参数与优化前(原机工况)的相比,NO_(x)的排放量下降74.5%,仅为3.47 g/(kW·h),BSFC平均下降6.7%,仅为203.5 g/(kW·h)。展开更多
为克服单一赋权法的局限性,结合山区干线公路交通特征及交通安全评价指标的选取原则,从社会因素、驾驶因素、环境因素、管理因素和道路因素五个维度出发,选取18个综合评价指标,运用序关系分析法(Order Relation Analysis Method,G1)-指...为克服单一赋权法的局限性,结合山区干线公路交通特征及交通安全评价指标的选取原则,从社会因素、驾驶因素、环境因素、管理因素和道路因素五个维度出发,选取18个综合评价指标,运用序关系分析法(Order Relation Analysis Method,G1)-指标相关性权重确定法(Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)确定各评价指标的权重,并结合折中妥协多属性决策法(VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje,VIKOR)对山区干线公路交通安全进行综合评价,提出了基于G1-CRITIC-VIKOR模型的山区干线公路交通安全综合评价及比选方法。以中国西部6条山区干线公路为例进行实证研究,结果表明,G1-CRITIC-VIKOR模型的评价效果与传统的秩和比(Rank-Sum Ratio,RSR)综合评价法及加权逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)的评价结果基本一致,且评价效果明显优于后者,具有更好的辨识性,验证了该模型的可行性和科学性。展开更多
产业开发区内多发环境污染导致的邻避(not in my backyard,NIMBY)问题对经济发展和社会稳定造成了一定的阻碍,其中工业企业是主要的邻避设施,目前对该类邻避效应的研究及对邻避效应大小的定量评价方法尚不完善。文章以合肥市高新区为例...产业开发区内多发环境污染导致的邻避(not in my backyard,NIMBY)问题对经济发展和社会稳定造成了一定的阻碍,其中工业企业是主要的邻避设施,目前对该类邻避效应的研究及对邻避效应大小的定量评价方法尚不完善。文章以合肥市高新区为例,以区域内的工业企业为研究对象,提出新的邻避效应评价方法。在评价体系中,将企业规划布局的合理性和大气防护距离也作为邻避效应评价指标,采用模糊最优最劣决策法(best-worst method,BWM)计算指标权重,并通过逼近理想解对不同工业企业的邻避效应大小进行排序。研究结果表明,风险感知和大气防护距离是影响邻避效应的最主要因素,通过敏感性分析确定该评价方法有较好的可靠性和鲁棒性,为决策者解决产业开发区的邻避问题提供思路和依据。展开更多
针对传统方法子指标的不确定性问题,提出了一种基于三角直觉模糊网络分析法(triangular intuitionistic fuzzy analytic network process,TIFANP)、优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TO...针对传统方法子指标的不确定性问题,提出了一种基于三角直觉模糊网络分析法(triangular intuitionistic fuzzy analytic network process,TIFANP)、优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)和三角直觉模糊综合评价(triangular intuitionistic fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,TIFCE)的大跨桥梁安全状态评估方法。首先,建立大跨桥梁安全状态分层指标体系,采用TIFANP法确定考虑指标相互影响后的权重;其次,引入TOPSIS法分配指标各截面权重,进而获得子指标取值;然后,将桥梁安全状态划分为5级,通过TIFCE法构建指标在不同等级的隶属度和非隶属度函数,据此建立对应判断矩阵,并进行桥梁安全状态指数综合计算;最后,以某大跨悬索桥监测数据为依托,验证了所提方法的有效性。结果表明:所提方法能够更合理地处理评价指标间的相互影响以及专家评分时的不确定,可为运营期大跨桥梁安全状态的准确评估提供新思路。展开更多
The cross-efficiency evaluation method is reviewed which is developed as a data envelopment analysis （DEA） extensive tool. The cross-efficiency evaluation method is utilized to identify the decision making unit （DM...The cross-efficiency evaluation method is reviewed which is developed as a data envelopment analysis （DEA） extensive tool. The cross-efficiency evaluation method is utilized to identify the decision making unit （DMU） with the best practice and to rank the DMUs by their respective cross-efficiency scores. The main drawbacks of the cross-efficiency evaluation method when the ultimate average cross-efficiency scores are used to evalu- ate and rank the DMUs are also pointed out. With the research gap, an improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） is introduced to rank the crossfficiency by eliminating the average assumption. Finally, an empirical example is illustrated to examine the validity of the proposed method.展开更多
为解决当前山区高速公路选线过程中存在的影响因素多、参建各方侧重点不同、无法定量描述比选方案等难题,在充分调研中外高速公路及铁路选线影响因素的基础上,系统分析和总结中国山区高速公路选线影响因素,并将其概括为经济、技术、安...为解决当前山区高速公路选线过程中存在的影响因素多、参建各方侧重点不同、无法定量描述比选方案等难题,在充分调研中外高速公路及铁路选线影响因素的基础上,系统分析和总结中国山区高速公路选线影响因素,并将其概括为经济、技术、安全和环境4个方面,共计16个具体影响因子;依托西和—宕昌高速公路工程,组织项目区域所在地方政府、行业主管部门、业主、设计、施工、监理、第三方检测单位及科研院所相关专家共计164人组成专家组,采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)对16个选线影响因子重要度进行评价。结果表明:环境指标中3个影响因素的综合权重平均分值较高,反映了工程建设领域环保意识的进一步加强。为进一步建立方案比选的优选模型,以依托项目灯塔—蒿林村段路线的方案比选为例,在AHP的基础上运用逼近理想解的排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to idea solution,TOPSIS)对比选方案进行优选,4种比选方案的优越度分别为2.84、0.56、0.72、2.15,即方案1最优。研究成果在全面分析山区高速公路选线影响因素的前提下,采用AHP-TOPSIS综合评判指标体系模型,在充分利用专家经验的同时,又能客观、科学的对比选方案进行最优解排序,较好地解决了山区高速公路选线问题,可为类似线形工程方案的选择提供参考。展开更多
Supplier selection can be regarded as a typical multiple attribute decision-making problem. In real-world situation, the values of the alternative attributes and their weights are always being nondeterministic, and as...Supplier selection can be regarded as a typical multiple attribute decision-making problem. In real-world situation, the values of the alternative attributes and their weights are always being nondeterministic, and as a result of this, the values are considered interval numbers. In addition, the common approach to measure the similarity between alternatives through their distance suffers from some minor shortcomings. To address these problems, this study develops a novel hybrid decision-making method by combining the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution （TOPSIS） with grey relational analysis （GRA） for supplier selection with interval numbers. By introducing the intervals theory, the extensions of Euclidean distance and grey relational grade are defined. And then a new comprehensive closeness coefficient is constituted for supplier alternatives evaluation based on the interval Euclidean distance and the interval grey relational grade, which could indicate the distance-based similarity and the shape-based similarity simultaneously. A mtmerical example is taken to validate the flexibility of the proposed method, and result shows that this method can tackle the uncertainty in real-world supplier selection and also help decision makers to effectively select optimal suppliers.展开更多
With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matchi...With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.展开更多
为更好地反映我国沿海地区主要港口的综合竞争力,从港口的基础设施、经济结构、港口效率、港口发展潜力等4个维度,构建沿海港口竞争力评价指标体系。结合逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal so...为更好地反映我国沿海地区主要港口的综合竞争力,从港口的基础设施、经济结构、港口效率、港口发展潜力等4个维度,构建沿海港口竞争力评价指标体系。结合逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS),分别采用随机主观和客观赋权方法对港口竞争力进行评价,并运用Kendall一致性检验和CRITIC法将各指标主客观权重组合,构建组合赋权-TOPSIS的港口竞争力评价模型。以我国14个主要沿海港口为研究对象进行实验分析。结果表明:上海港、宁波舟山港的港口竞争力最强;天津港、广州港、深圳港、青岛港、烟台港、大连港的竞争力较强;湛江港、海口港、福州港、厦门港、泉州港、汕头港的竞争力较弱。对各港口指标数据进行聚类分析,聚类结果与评价结果相符,证明评价模型合理。展开更多
文摘针对柴油发动机推进特性下的中高负荷工况出现的NO_(x)排放峰值现象,以及燃油价格日益上涨带来降低油耗率的迫切需求,本研究通过调节柴油/甲醇组合燃烧(diesel/methanol compound combustion,DMCC)发动机多种控制参数,在保证动力性前提下,实现NO_(x)排放和有效燃油消耗率(brake specific fuel consumption,BSFC)的同步下降。为避免大规模试验带来的成本增加,首先基于高斯过程回归建立DMCC发动机排放的NO_(x)体积分数、BSFC和指示功率预测模型;然后将所建模型与第二代非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅱ)结合,对NO_(x)的体积分数和BSFC进行优化,并将Pareto前沿解集代入逼近理想解排序法(the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)寻找最优控制参数组合;最后将最优控制参数组合标定至电子控制单元,与原机数据进行对比分析。结果表明:基于高斯过程回归建立的预测模型的拟合优度大于0.95,均方根误差小于1,具有良好的一致性和准确性;使用NSGA-Ⅱ获取的最佳控制参数与优化前(原机工况)的相比,NO_(x)的排放量下降74.5%,仅为3.47 g/(kW·h),BSFC平均下降6.7%,仅为203.5 g/(kW·h)。
文摘为克服单一赋权法的局限性,结合山区干线公路交通特征及交通安全评价指标的选取原则,从社会因素、驾驶因素、环境因素、管理因素和道路因素五个维度出发,选取18个综合评价指标,运用序关系分析法(Order Relation Analysis Method,G1)-指标相关性权重确定法(Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)确定各评价指标的权重,并结合折中妥协多属性决策法(VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje,VIKOR)对山区干线公路交通安全进行综合评价,提出了基于G1-CRITIC-VIKOR模型的山区干线公路交通安全综合评价及比选方法。以中国西部6条山区干线公路为例进行实证研究,结果表明,G1-CRITIC-VIKOR模型的评价效果与传统的秩和比(Rank-Sum Ratio,RSR)综合评价法及加权逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)的评价结果基本一致,且评价效果明显优于后者,具有更好的辨识性,验证了该模型的可行性和科学性。
文摘产业开发区内多发环境污染导致的邻避(not in my backyard,NIMBY)问题对经济发展和社会稳定造成了一定的阻碍,其中工业企业是主要的邻避设施,目前对该类邻避效应的研究及对邻避效应大小的定量评价方法尚不完善。文章以合肥市高新区为例,以区域内的工业企业为研究对象,提出新的邻避效应评价方法。在评价体系中,将企业规划布局的合理性和大气防护距离也作为邻避效应评价指标,采用模糊最优最劣决策法(best-worst method,BWM)计算指标权重,并通过逼近理想解对不同工业企业的邻避效应大小进行排序。研究结果表明,风险感知和大气防护距离是影响邻避效应的最主要因素,通过敏感性分析确定该评价方法有较好的可靠性和鲁棒性,为决策者解决产业开发区的邻避问题提供思路和依据。
文摘针对传统方法子指标的不确定性问题,提出了一种基于三角直觉模糊网络分析法(triangular intuitionistic fuzzy analytic network process,TIFANP)、优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS)和三角直觉模糊综合评价(triangular intuitionistic fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,TIFCE)的大跨桥梁安全状态评估方法。首先,建立大跨桥梁安全状态分层指标体系,采用TIFANP法确定考虑指标相互影响后的权重;其次,引入TOPSIS法分配指标各截面权重,进而获得子指标取值;然后,将桥梁安全状态划分为5级,通过TIFCE法构建指标在不同等级的隶属度和非隶属度函数,据此建立对应判断矩阵,并进行桥梁安全状态指数综合计算;最后,以某大跨悬索桥监测数据为依托,验证了所提方法的有效性。结果表明:所提方法能够更合理地处理评价指标间的相互影响以及专家评分时的不确定,可为运营期大跨桥梁安全状态的准确评估提供新思路。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Innovative Research Groups(70821001),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(70901069)the Special Fund for the Gainers of Excellent Ph.D.'s Dissertations and Dean's Scholarships of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China for New Teachers(20093402120013)+1 种基金the Research Fund for the Excellent Youth Scholars of Higher School of Anhui Province of China(2010SQRW001ZD)the Social Science Research Fund for Higher School of Anhui Province of China
文摘The cross-efficiency evaluation method is reviewed which is developed as a data envelopment analysis （DEA） extensive tool. The cross-efficiency evaluation method is utilized to identify the decision making unit （DMU） with the best practice and to rank the DMUs by their respective cross-efficiency scores. The main drawbacks of the cross-efficiency evaluation method when the ultimate average cross-efficiency scores are used to evalu- ate and rank the DMUs are also pointed out. With the research gap, an improved technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） is introduced to rank the crossfficiency by eliminating the average assumption. Finally, an empirical example is illustrated to examine the validity of the proposed method.
文摘为解决当前山区高速公路选线过程中存在的影响因素多、参建各方侧重点不同、无法定量描述比选方案等难题,在充分调研中外高速公路及铁路选线影响因素的基础上,系统分析和总结中国山区高速公路选线影响因素,并将其概括为经济、技术、安全和环境4个方面,共计16个具体影响因子;依托西和—宕昌高速公路工程,组织项目区域所在地方政府、行业主管部门、业主、设计、施工、监理、第三方检测单位及科研院所相关专家共计164人组成专家组,采用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)对16个选线影响因子重要度进行评价。结果表明:环境指标中3个影响因素的综合权重平均分值较高,反映了工程建设领域环保意识的进一步加强。为进一步建立方案比选的优选模型,以依托项目灯塔—蒿林村段路线的方案比选为例,在AHP的基础上运用逼近理想解的排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to idea solution,TOPSIS)对比选方案进行优选,4种比选方案的优越度分别为2.84、0.56、0.72、2.15,即方案1最优。研究成果在全面分析山区高速公路选线影响因素的前提下,采用AHP-TOPSIS综合评判指标体系模型,在充分利用专家经验的同时,又能客观、科学的对比选方案进行最优解排序,较好地解决了山区高速公路选线问题,可为类似线形工程方案的选择提供参考。
基金Project(51505488)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Supplier selection can be regarded as a typical multiple attribute decision-making problem. In real-world situation, the values of the alternative attributes and their weights are always being nondeterministic, and as a result of this, the values are considered interval numbers. In addition, the common approach to measure the similarity between alternatives through their distance suffers from some minor shortcomings. To address these problems, this study develops a novel hybrid decision-making method by combining the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution （TOPSIS） with grey relational analysis （GRA） for supplier selection with interval numbers. By introducing the intervals theory, the extensions of Euclidean distance and grey relational grade are defined. And then a new comprehensive closeness coefficient is constituted for supplier alternatives evaluation based on the interval Euclidean distance and the interval grey relational grade, which could indicate the distance-based similarity and the shape-based similarity simultaneously. A mtmerical example is taken to validate the flexibility of the proposed method, and result shows that this method can tackle the uncertainty in real-world supplier selection and also help decision makers to effectively select optimal suppliers.
文摘With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.
文摘为更好地反映我国沿海地区主要港口的综合竞争力,从港口的基础设施、经济结构、港口效率、港口发展潜力等4个维度,构建沿海港口竞争力评价指标体系。结合逼近理想解排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS),分别采用随机主观和客观赋权方法对港口竞争力进行评价,并运用Kendall一致性检验和CRITIC法将各指标主客观权重组合,构建组合赋权-TOPSIS的港口竞争力评价模型。以我国14个主要沿海港口为研究对象进行实验分析。结果表明:上海港、宁波舟山港的港口竞争力最强;天津港、广州港、深圳港、青岛港、烟台港、大连港的竞争力较强;湛江港、海口港、福州港、厦门港、泉州港、汕头港的竞争力较弱。对各港口指标数据进行聚类分析,聚类结果与评价结果相符,证明评价模型合理。
