Mesoporous carbon supports mitigate platinum(Pt)sulfonic poisoning through nanopore-confined Pt deposition,yet their morphological impacts on oxygen transport remain unclear.This study integrates carbon support morpho...Mesoporous carbon supports mitigate platinum(Pt)sulfonic poisoning through nanopore-confined Pt deposition,yet their morphological impacts on oxygen transport remain unclear.This study integrates carbon support morphology simulation with an enhanced agglomerate model to establish a mathematical framework elucidating pore evolution,Pt utilization,and oxygen transport in catalyst layers.Results demonstrate dominant local mass transport resistance governed by three factors:(1)active site density dictating oxygen flux;(2)ionomer film thickness defining shortest transport path;(3)ionomer-to-Pt surface area ratio modulating practical pathway length.At low ionomer-to-carbon(I/C)ratios,limited active sites elevate resistance(Factor 1 dominant).Higher I/C ratios improve the ionomer coverage but eventually thicken ionomer films,degrading transport(Factors 2–3 dominant).The results indicate that larger carbon particles result in a net increase in local transport resistance by reducing external surface area and increasing ionomer thickness.As the proportion of Pt situated in nanopores or the Pt mass fraction increases,elevated Pt density inside the nanopores exacerbates pore blockage.This leads to the increased transport resistance by reducing active sites,and increasing ionomer thickness and surface area.Lower Pt loading linearly intensifies oxygen flux resistance.The model underscores the necessity to optimize support morphology,Pt distribution,and ionomer content to prevent pore blockage while balancing catalytic activity and transport efficiency.These insights provide a systematic approach for designing high-performance mesoporous carbon catalysts.展开更多
The preferential oxidation of CO(CO-PROX)reaction is a cost-effective method for eliminating trace amounts of CO from the fuel H2.Pt-based catalysts have been extensively studied for COPROX,with their activity influen...The preferential oxidation of CO(CO-PROX)reaction is a cost-effective method for eliminating trace amounts of CO from the fuel H2.Pt-based catalysts have been extensively studied for COPROX,with their activity influenced by the morphology of the support.Hydrothermal synthesis was employed to produce different morphologies ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3):flower-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)exposing(110)crystal faces,sheet-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(s)revealing(100)crystal faces,and rod-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(r)displaying(111)crystal faces,followed by loading PtCo nanoparticles.The exposed crystal faces of the support impact the alloying degree of the PtCo nanoparticles,and an increase in the alloying degree correlates with enhanced catalyst reactivity.Pt_(3)Co intermetallic compounds were identified onγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)exposing(110)crystal faces,and PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)showed high catalytic activity in the CO-PROX reaction,achieving 100%CO conversion across a broad temperature range of 50−225°C.In contrast,only partial alloying of PtCo was observed onγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(s).Furthermore,no alloying between Pt and Co occurred in PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(r),resulting in a reaction rate at 50°C that was merely 11%of that of PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f).The formation of Pt3Co intermetallic compounds led to a more oxidized state of Pt,which significantly diminished the adsorption of CO on Pt and augmented the active oxygen species,thereby facilitating the selective oxidation of CO.展开更多
To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction...To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction.The arrangement of the elastic support element is determined by the equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient.In this paper,a dynamic model of skin in a fluid environment is established.The influence of equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient on flow stability is investigated.The results suggest that arranging the elastic support elements in accordance with the quasi-periodic law can effectively enhance flow stability.Meanwhile,the hydrodynamic noise calculation results demonstrate that the skin exhibits excellent noise reduction performance,with reductions of 10 dB in the streamwise direction,11 dB in the spanwise direction,and 10 dB in the normal direction.The results also demonstrate that the stability analysis method can serve as a diagnostic tool for flow fields and guide the design of noise reduction structures.展开更多
In the process of shield tunneling through soft soil layers,the presence of confined water ahead poses a significant threat to the stability of the tunnel face.Therefore,it is crucial to consider the impact of confine...In the process of shield tunneling through soft soil layers,the presence of confined water ahead poses a significant threat to the stability of the tunnel face.Therefore,it is crucial to consider the impact of confined water on the limit support pressure of the tunnel face.This study employed the finite element method(FEM)to analyze the limit support pressure of shield tunnel face instability within a pressurized water-containing layer.Subsequently,a multiple linear regression approach was applied to derive a concise solution formula for the limit support pressure,incorporating various influencing factors.The analysis yields the following conclusions:1)The influence of confined water on the instability mode of the tunnel face in soft soil layers makes the displacement response of the strata not significant when the face is unstable;2)The limit support pressure increases approximately linearly with the pressure head,shield tunnel diameter,and tunnel burial depth.And inversely proportional to the thickness of the impermeable layer,soil cohesion and internal friction angle;3)Through an engineering case study analysis,the results align well with those obtained from traditional theoretical methods,thereby validating the rationality of the equations proposed in this paper.Furthermore,the proposed equations overcome the limitation of traditional theoretical approaches considering the influence of changes in impermeable layer thickness.It can accurately depict the dynamic variation in the required limit support pressure to maintain the stability of the tunnel face during shield tunneling,thus better reflecting engineering reality.展开更多
With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Ni...With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.展开更多
The stress gradient of surrounding rock and reasonable prestress of support are the keys to ensuring the stability of roadways.The elastic-plastic analytical solution for surrounding rock was derived based on unified ...The stress gradient of surrounding rock and reasonable prestress of support are the keys to ensuring the stability of roadways.The elastic-plastic analytical solution for surrounding rock was derived based on unified strength theory.A model for solving the stress gradient of the surrounding rock with the intermediate principal stress parameter b was established.The correctness and applicability of the solution for the stress gradient in the roadway surrounding rock was verified via multiple methods.Furthermore,the laws of stress,displacement,and the plastic zone of the surrounding rock with different b values and prestresses were revealed.As b increases,the stress gradient in the plastic zone increases,and the displacement and plastic zone radius decrease.As the prestress increases,the peak stress shifts toward the sidewalls,and the stress and stress gradient increments decrease.In addition,the displacement increment and plastic zone increment were proposed to characterize the support effect.The balance point of the plastic zone area appears before that of the displacement zone.The relationship between the stress gradient compensation coefficient and the prestress is obtained.This study provides a research method and idea for determining the reasonable prestress of support in roadways.展开更多
Considering the characteristics of deep thick top coal roadway,in which the high ground stress,coal seam with low strength,and a large range of surrounding rock fragmentation,the pressure relief anchor box beam suppor...Considering the characteristics of deep thick top coal roadway,in which the high ground stress,coal seam with low strength,and a large range of surrounding rock fragmentation,the pressure relief anchor box beam support system with high strength is developed.The high-strength bearing characteristics and coupling yielding support mechanism of this support system are studied by the mechanical tests of composite members and the combined support system.The test results show that under the coupling effect of support members,the peak stress of the box-shaped support beam in the anchor box beam is reduced by 21.9%,and the average deformation is increased by 135.0%.The ultimate bending bearing capacity of the box-shaped support beam is 3.5 times that of traditional channel beam.The effective compressive stress zone applied by the high prestressed cable is expanded by 26.4%.On this basis,the field support comparison test by the anchor channel beam,the anchor I-shaped beam and the anchor box beam are carried out.Compared with those of the previous two,the surrounding rock convergence of the latter is decreased by 41.2%and 22.2%,respectively.The field test verifies the effectiveness of the anchor box beam support system.展开更多
The surrounding rock is prone to large-scale loosening and failure after the excavation of shallow large-span caverns because of the thin overlying strata and large cross-section span.The rational design of bolt suppo...The surrounding rock is prone to large-scale loosening and failure after the excavation of shallow large-span caverns because of the thin overlying strata and large cross-section span.The rational design of bolt support is very important to the safety control of surrounding rock as a common support means.The control mechanism and design method of bolt support for shallow-buried large-span caverns is carried out.The calculation method of bolt prestress and length based on arched failure and collapsed failure mode is established.The influence mechanism of different influencing factors on the bolt prestress and length is clarified.At the same time,the constant resistance energy-absorbing bolt with high strength and high toughness is developed,and the comparative test of mechanical properties is carried out.On this basis,the design method of high prestressed bolt support for shallow-buried large-span caverns is put forward,and the field test is carried out in Qingdao metro station in China.The monitoring results show that the maximum roof settlement is 6.8 mm after the new design method is adopted,and the effective control of the shallow-buried large-span caverns is realized.The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for the safety control of shallow-buried large-span caverns.展开更多
Financial support to agriculture is the main driving force to increase farmers＇ income. This paper applied the evaluation DEA （Data-embrasing Analysis） method to evaluate the effectiveness of financial support to a...Financial support to agriculture is the main driving force to increase farmers＇ income. This paper applied the evaluation DEA （Data-embrasing Analysis） method to evaluate the effectiveness of financial support to agriculture from 1990 to 2005. It is found that the trend of the financial support to agricultural effectiveness in China presented a downward trend in recent years. The results showed that the overall trend of the financial support to agriculture in China wasn＇t high, and some corresponding proposals were put forward to optimized.展开更多
In this paper, the structure and function of the IDSS in the operation process of electric furnace for cleaning slag are presented and the fuzzy neural network decision model (FNNDM) in the IDSS is specially suggested...In this paper, the structure and function of the IDSS in the operation process of electric furnace for cleaning slag are presented and the fuzzy neural network decision model (FNNDM) in the IDSS is specially suggested. The IDSS possesses selflearning and adaptive properties, and has been used for managing and analyzing the optimal operational conditions since June 1992. Electric energy consumption has been reduced remarkably and the coefficient of recovery of cobalt and nickel has been increased.展开更多
This paper describes the structure and function of the intelligent decision support system (IDSS) on the process of nickel matte smelter. The knowledge and model base system based on fuzzy-decision rules ale specially...This paper describes the structure and function of the intelligent decision support system (IDSS) on the process of nickel matte smelter. The knowledge and model base system based on fuzzy-decision rules ale specially suggested. The IDSS possesses the self-learning and adaptive properties, andhas been used for managing and analyzing the production information, optimizing the composition of the charge mixture, and deciding the optimal operational conditions. Electric energy consumption has been reduced remarkably and the yield of nickel has been increased.展开更多
Non-pillar mining technology with automatically formed roadway is a new mining method without coal pillar reservation and roadway excavation.The stability control of automatically formed roadway is the key to the succ...Non-pillar mining technology with automatically formed roadway is a new mining method without coal pillar reservation and roadway excavation.The stability control of automatically formed roadway is the key to the successful application of the new method.In order to realize the stability control of the roadway surrounding rock,the mechanical model of the roof and rib support structure is established,and the influence mechanism of the automatically formed roadway parameters on the compound force is revealed.On this basis,the roof and rib support structure technology of confined lightweight concrete is proposed,and its mechanical tests under different eccentricity are carried out.The results show that the bearing capacity of confined lightweight concrete specimens is basically the same as that of ordinary confined concrete specimens.The bearing capacity of confined lightweight concrete specimens under different eccentricities is 1.95 times higher than those of U-shaped steel specimens.By comparing the test results with the theoretical calculated results of the confined concrete,the calculation method of the bearing capacity for the confined lightweight concrete structure is selected.The design method of confined lightweight concrete support structure is established,and is successfully applied in the extra-large mine,Ningtiaota Coal Mine,China.展开更多
The number of children affected in conflicts is on the rise in Africa.All childhood experiences of such children are nightmares by war.The conflict in Northern Uganda continues to attract local,national and internatio...The number of children affected in conflicts is on the rise in Africa.All childhood experiences of such children are nightmares by war.The conflict in Northern Uganda continues to attract local,national and international attention.Once a vibrant area,Gulu has been shuttered by the Lord Resistance Army (LRA)atrocities,a region where several vehicles were burnt and people were butchered.The purpose of展开更多
In order to compete in the global manufacturing mar ke t, agility is the only possible solution to response to the fragmented market se gments and frequently changed customer requirements. However, manufacturing agil ...In order to compete in the global manufacturing mar ke t, agility is the only possible solution to response to the fragmented market se gments and frequently changed customer requirements. However, manufacturing agil ity can only be attained through the deployment of knowledge. To embed knowledge into a CAD system to form a knowledge intensive CAD (KIC) system is one of way to enhance the design compatibility of a manufacturing company. The most difficu lt phase to develop a KIC system is to capitalize a huge amount of legacy data t o form a knowledge database. In the past, such capitalization process could only be done solely manually or semi-automatic. In this paper, a five step model fo r automatic design knowledge capitalization through the use of data mining is pr oposed whilst details of how to select, verify and performance benchmarking an a ppropriate data mining algorithm for a specific design task will also be discuss ed. A case study concerning the design of a plastic toaster casing was used as an illustration for the proposed methodology and it was found that the avera ge absolute error of the predictions for the most appropriate algorithm is withi n 17%.展开更多
Based on discussion on the theories of support vector machines （SVM）, an one-step prediction model for time series prediction is presented, wherein the chaos theory is incorporated. Chaotic character of the time ser...Based on discussion on the theories of support vector machines （SVM）, an one-step prediction model for time series prediction is presented, wherein the chaos theory is incorporated. Chaotic character of the time series is taken into account in the prediction procedure; parameters of reconstruction-detay and embedding-dimension for phase-space reconstruction are calculated in light of mutual-information and false-nearest-neighbor method, respectively. Precision and functionality have been demonstrated by the experimental results on the basis of the prediction of Lorenz chaotic time series.展开更多
The paper presents an important aspect of Neural Nets application, i. e., their usefulness for decision support. The essential feature of the neural net approach to decision making is that it is a black-box approach, ...The paper presents an important aspect of Neural Nets application, i. e., their usefulness for decision support. The essential feature of the neural net approach to decision making is that it is a black-box approach, which means one does not try to model the underlying processes, but only looks for a tuning of the parameters of the neural net such that the black-box mimics the sensible behavior. Through the existing widespread applications in industry, business and science, the paper emphasizes their common property as a paradigm for decision support.展开更多
With the prevalence of the Web, most decision-makers are likely to use the Web to support their decision-making. Web-based technologies are leading a major stream of researching decision support systems (DSS). We prop...With the prevalence of the Web, most decision-makers are likely to use the Web to support their decision-making. Web-based technologies are leading a major stream of researching decision support systems (DSS). We propose a formal definition and a conceptual framework for Web-based open DSS (WODSS). The formal definition gives an overall view of WODSS, and the conceptual framework based on browser/broker/server computing mode employs the electronic market to mediate decision-makers and providers, and facilitate sharing and reusing of decision resources. We also develop an admitting model, a trading model and a competing model of electronic market in WODSS based on market theory in economics. These models reveal the key mechanisms that drive WODSS operate efficiently.展开更多
I firmly believe that of systems engineering is the requirement-driven force for the progress ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies. The development ofsoftware engineering, artifi...I firmly believe that of systems engineering is the requirement-driven force for the progress ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies. The development ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies is the technical supportfor the progress of systems engineering. INTEGRATION can be considered as "bridging" the ex-isting technologies and the People together into a coordinated SYSTEM.展开更多
Due to the long-term plate tectonic movements in southwestern China,the in-situ stress field in deep formations is complex.When passing through deep soft-rock mass under non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field,tunne...Due to the long-term plate tectonic movements in southwestern China,the in-situ stress field in deep formations is complex.When passing through deep soft-rock mass under non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field,tunnels will suffer serious asymmetric deformation.There is no available support design method for tunnels under such a situation in existing studies to clarify the support time and support stiffness.This study first analyzed the mechanical behavior of tunnels in non-hydrostatic in-situ stress field and derived the theoretical equations of the ground squeezing curve(GSC)and ground loosening curve(GLC).Then,based on the convergence confinement theory,the support design method of deep soft-rock tunnels under non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field was established considering both squeezing and loosening pressures.In addition,this method can provide the clear support time and support stiffness of the second layer of initial support.The proposed design method was applied to the Wanhe tunnel of the China-Laos railway in China.Monitoring data indicated that the optimal support scheme had a good effect on controlling the tunnel deformation in non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field.Field applications showed that the secondary lining could be constructed properly.展开更多
基金supported by the Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2023YFB2504200)support of Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.24QB2703200)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan Province(No.202302AH360001).
文摘Mesoporous carbon supports mitigate platinum(Pt)sulfonic poisoning through nanopore-confined Pt deposition,yet their morphological impacts on oxygen transport remain unclear.This study integrates carbon support morphology simulation with an enhanced agglomerate model to establish a mathematical framework elucidating pore evolution,Pt utilization,and oxygen transport in catalyst layers.Results demonstrate dominant local mass transport resistance governed by three factors:(1)active site density dictating oxygen flux;(2)ionomer film thickness defining shortest transport path;(3)ionomer-to-Pt surface area ratio modulating practical pathway length.At low ionomer-to-carbon(I/C)ratios,limited active sites elevate resistance(Factor 1 dominant).Higher I/C ratios improve the ionomer coverage but eventually thicken ionomer films,degrading transport(Factors 2–3 dominant).The results indicate that larger carbon particles result in a net increase in local transport resistance by reducing external surface area and increasing ionomer thickness.As the proportion of Pt situated in nanopores or the Pt mass fraction increases,elevated Pt density inside the nanopores exacerbates pore blockage.This leads to the increased transport resistance by reducing active sites,and increasing ionomer thickness and surface area.Lower Pt loading linearly intensifies oxygen flux resistance.The model underscores the necessity to optimize support morphology,Pt distribution,and ionomer content to prevent pore blockage while balancing catalytic activity and transport efficiency.These insights provide a systematic approach for designing high-performance mesoporous carbon catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22376063,21976057)the Fund of the National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology(NELMS2020A05)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The preferential oxidation of CO(CO-PROX)reaction is a cost-effective method for eliminating trace amounts of CO from the fuel H2.Pt-based catalysts have been extensively studied for COPROX,with their activity influenced by the morphology of the support.Hydrothermal synthesis was employed to produce different morphologies ofγ-Al_(2)O_(3):flower-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)exposing(110)crystal faces,sheet-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(s)revealing(100)crystal faces,and rod-likeγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(r)displaying(111)crystal faces,followed by loading PtCo nanoparticles.The exposed crystal faces of the support impact the alloying degree of the PtCo nanoparticles,and an increase in the alloying degree correlates with enhanced catalyst reactivity.Pt_(3)Co intermetallic compounds were identified onγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)exposing(110)crystal faces,and PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f)showed high catalytic activity in the CO-PROX reaction,achieving 100%CO conversion across a broad temperature range of 50−225°C.In contrast,only partial alloying of PtCo was observed onγ-Al_(2)O_(3)(s).Furthermore,no alloying between Pt and Co occurred in PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(r),resulting in a reaction rate at 50°C that was merely 11%of that of PtCo/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)(f).The formation of Pt3Co intermetallic compounds led to a more oxidized state of Pt,which significantly diminished the adsorption of CO on Pt and augmented the active oxygen species,thereby facilitating the selective oxidation of CO.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52075111,51775123)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3072022JC0701)。
文摘To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction.The arrangement of the elastic support element is determined by the equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient.In this paper,a dynamic model of skin in a fluid environment is established.The influence of equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient on flow stability is investigated.The results suggest that arranging the elastic support elements in accordance with the quasi-periodic law can effectively enhance flow stability.Meanwhile,the hydrodynamic noise calculation results demonstrate that the skin exhibits excellent noise reduction performance,with reductions of 10 dB in the streamwise direction,11 dB in the spanwise direction,and 10 dB in the normal direction.The results also demonstrate that the stability analysis method can serve as a diagnostic tool for flow fields and guide the design of noise reduction structures.
基金Project(ZDRW-ZS-2021-3)supported by the Key Deployment Projects of Chinese Academy of SciencesProjects(52179116,51991392)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘In the process of shield tunneling through soft soil layers,the presence of confined water ahead poses a significant threat to the stability of the tunnel face.Therefore,it is crucial to consider the impact of confined water on the limit support pressure of the tunnel face.This study employed the finite element method(FEM)to analyze the limit support pressure of shield tunnel face instability within a pressurized water-containing layer.Subsequently,a multiple linear regression approach was applied to derive a concise solution formula for the limit support pressure,incorporating various influencing factors.The analysis yields the following conclusions:1)The influence of confined water on the instability mode of the tunnel face in soft soil layers makes the displacement response of the strata not significant when the face is unstable;2)The limit support pressure increases approximately linearly with the pressure head,shield tunnel diameter,and tunnel burial depth.And inversely proportional to the thickness of the impermeable layer,soil cohesion and internal friction angle;3)Through an engineering case study analysis,the results align well with those obtained from traditional theoretical methods,thereby validating the rationality of the equations proposed in this paper.Furthermore,the proposed equations overcome the limitation of traditional theoretical approaches considering the influence of changes in impermeable layer thickness.It can accurately depict the dynamic variation in the required limit support pressure to maintain the stability of the tunnel face during shield tunneling,thus better reflecting engineering reality.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021221155)the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal(J23-24-902)。
文摘With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.
基金Project(52274130)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZR2024ZD22)supported by the Major Basic Research Project of the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China+2 种基金Project(2023375)supported by the Guizhou University Research and Innovation Team,ChinaProject(Leading Fund(2023)09)supported by the Natural Science Research Fund of Guizhou University,ChinaProject(JYBSYS2021101)supported by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining,Ministry of Education,China。
文摘The stress gradient of surrounding rock and reasonable prestress of support are the keys to ensuring the stability of roadways.The elastic-plastic analytical solution for surrounding rock was derived based on unified strength theory.A model for solving the stress gradient of the surrounding rock with the intermediate principal stress parameter b was established.The correctness and applicability of the solution for the stress gradient in the roadway surrounding rock was verified via multiple methods.Furthermore,the laws of stress,displacement,and the plastic zone of the surrounding rock with different b values and prestresses were revealed.As b increases,the stress gradient in the plastic zone increases,and the displacement and plastic zone radius decrease.As the prestress increases,the peak stress shifts toward the sidewalls,and the stress and stress gradient increments decrease.In addition,the displacement increment and plastic zone increment were proposed to characterize the support effect.The balance point of the plastic zone area appears before that of the displacement zone.The relationship between the stress gradient compensation coefficient and the prestress is obtained.This study provides a research method and idea for determining the reasonable prestress of support in roadways.
基金Project(2023YFC2907600)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(42277174,42477166)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2024JCCXSB01)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject(KFJJ24-01M)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection,Beijing Institute of Technology,China。
文摘Considering the characteristics of deep thick top coal roadway,in which the high ground stress,coal seam with low strength,and a large range of surrounding rock fragmentation,the pressure relief anchor box beam support system with high strength is developed.The high-strength bearing characteristics and coupling yielding support mechanism of this support system are studied by the mechanical tests of composite members and the combined support system.The test results show that under the coupling effect of support members,the peak stress of the box-shaped support beam in the anchor box beam is reduced by 21.9%,and the average deformation is increased by 135.0%.The ultimate bending bearing capacity of the box-shaped support beam is 3.5 times that of traditional channel beam.The effective compressive stress zone applied by the high prestressed cable is expanded by 26.4%.On this basis,the field support comparison test by the anchor channel beam,the anchor I-shaped beam and the anchor box beam are carried out.Compared with those of the previous two,the surrounding rock convergence of the latter is decreased by 41.2%and 22.2%,respectively.The field test verifies the effectiveness of the anchor box beam support system.
基金Project(2023YFC3805700) supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(42477166,42277174) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project(2024JCCXSB01) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject(KFJJ24-01M) supported by the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection,Beijing Institute of Technology,ChinaProject(HLCX-2024-04) supported by the Open Foundation of Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Development and Ecological Restoration of Mineral Resources,China。
文摘The surrounding rock is prone to large-scale loosening and failure after the excavation of shallow large-span caverns because of the thin overlying strata and large cross-section span.The rational design of bolt support is very important to the safety control of surrounding rock as a common support means.The control mechanism and design method of bolt support for shallow-buried large-span caverns is carried out.The calculation method of bolt prestress and length based on arched failure and collapsed failure mode is established.The influence mechanism of different influencing factors on the bolt prestress and length is clarified.At the same time,the constant resistance energy-absorbing bolt with high strength and high toughness is developed,and the comparative test of mechanical properties is carried out.On this basis,the design method of high prestressed bolt support for shallow-buried large-span caverns is put forward,and the field test is carried out in Qingdao metro station in China.The monitoring results show that the maximum roof settlement is 6.8 mm after the new design method is adopted,and the effective control of the shallow-buried large-span caverns is realized.The research results can provide theoretical and technical support for the safety control of shallow-buried large-span caverns.
文摘Financial support to agriculture is the main driving force to increase farmers＇ income. This paper applied the evaluation DEA （Data-embrasing Analysis） method to evaluate the effectiveness of financial support to agriculture from 1990 to 2005. It is found that the trend of the financial support to agricultural effectiveness in China presented a downward trend in recent years. The results showed that the overall trend of the financial support to agriculture in China wasn＇t high, and some corresponding proposals were put forward to optimized.
文摘In this paper, the structure and function of the IDSS in the operation process of electric furnace for cleaning slag are presented and the fuzzy neural network decision model (FNNDM) in the IDSS is specially suggested. The IDSS possesses selflearning and adaptive properties, and has been used for managing and analyzing the optimal operational conditions since June 1992. Electric energy consumption has been reduced remarkably and the coefficient of recovery of cobalt and nickel has been increased.
文摘This paper describes the structure and function of the intelligent decision support system (IDSS) on the process of nickel matte smelter. The knowledge and model base system based on fuzzy-decision rules ale specially suggested. The IDSS possesses the self-learning and adaptive properties, andhas been used for managing and analyzing the production information, optimizing the composition of the charge mixture, and deciding the optimal operational conditions. Electric energy consumption has been reduced remarkably and the yield of nickel has been increased.
基金Project(2023YFC2907600)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(42077267,42277174,52074164)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2024JCCXSB01)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Non-pillar mining technology with automatically formed roadway is a new mining method without coal pillar reservation and roadway excavation.The stability control of automatically formed roadway is the key to the successful application of the new method.In order to realize the stability control of the roadway surrounding rock,the mechanical model of the roof and rib support structure is established,and the influence mechanism of the automatically formed roadway parameters on the compound force is revealed.On this basis,the roof and rib support structure technology of confined lightweight concrete is proposed,and its mechanical tests under different eccentricity are carried out.The results show that the bearing capacity of confined lightweight concrete specimens is basically the same as that of ordinary confined concrete specimens.The bearing capacity of confined lightweight concrete specimens under different eccentricities is 1.95 times higher than those of U-shaped steel specimens.By comparing the test results with the theoretical calculated results of the confined concrete,the calculation method of the bearing capacity for the confined lightweight concrete structure is selected.The design method of confined lightweight concrete support structure is established,and is successfully applied in the extra-large mine,Ningtiaota Coal Mine,China.
文摘The number of children affected in conflicts is on the rise in Africa.All childhood experiences of such children are nightmares by war.The conflict in Northern Uganda continues to attract local,national and international attention.Once a vibrant area,Gulu has been shuttered by the Lord Resistance Army (LRA)atrocities,a region where several vehicles were burnt and people were butchered.The purpose of
文摘In order to compete in the global manufacturing mar ke t, agility is the only possible solution to response to the fragmented market se gments and frequently changed customer requirements. However, manufacturing agil ity can only be attained through the deployment of knowledge. To embed knowledge into a CAD system to form a knowledge intensive CAD (KIC) system is one of way to enhance the design compatibility of a manufacturing company. The most difficu lt phase to develop a KIC system is to capitalize a huge amount of legacy data t o form a knowledge database. In the past, such capitalization process could only be done solely manually or semi-automatic. In this paper, a five step model fo r automatic design knowledge capitalization through the use of data mining is pr oposed whilst details of how to select, verify and performance benchmarking an a ppropriate data mining algorithm for a specific design task will also be discuss ed. A case study concerning the design of a plastic toaster casing was used as an illustration for the proposed methodology and it was found that the avera ge absolute error of the predictions for the most appropriate algorithm is withi n 17%.
文摘Based on discussion on the theories of support vector machines （SVM）, an one-step prediction model for time series prediction is presented, wherein the chaos theory is incorporated. Chaotic character of the time series is taken into account in the prediction procedure; parameters of reconstruction-detay and embedding-dimension for phase-space reconstruction are calculated in light of mutual-information and false-nearest-neighbor method, respectively. Precision and functionality have been demonstrated by the experimental results on the basis of the prediction of Lorenz chaotic time series.
文摘The paper presents an important aspect of Neural Nets application, i. e., their usefulness for decision support. The essential feature of the neural net approach to decision making is that it is a black-box approach, which means one does not try to model the underlying processes, but only looks for a tuning of the parameters of the neural net such that the black-box mimics the sensible behavior. Through the existing widespread applications in industry, business and science, the paper emphasizes their common property as a paradigm for decision support.
基金This project was supported by the Teaching and Research Award Fund for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of MOE.
文摘With the prevalence of the Web, most decision-makers are likely to use the Web to support their decision-making. Web-based technologies are leading a major stream of researching decision support systems (DSS). We propose a formal definition and a conceptual framework for Web-based open DSS (WODSS). The formal definition gives an overall view of WODSS, and the conceptual framework based on browser/broker/server computing mode employs the electronic market to mediate decision-makers and providers, and facilitate sharing and reusing of decision resources. We also develop an admitting model, a trading model and a competing model of electronic market in WODSS based on market theory in economics. These models reveal the key mechanisms that drive WODSS operate efficiently.
文摘I firmly believe that of systems engineering is the requirement-driven force for the progress ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies. The development ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies is the technical supportfor the progress of systems engineering. INTEGRATION can be considered as "bridging" the ex-isting technologies and the People together into a coordinated SYSTEM.
基金Project(52178402)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2021-Key-09)supported by the Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China Railway Group LimitedProject(2021zzts0216)supported by the Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University,China。
文摘Due to the long-term plate tectonic movements in southwestern China,the in-situ stress field in deep formations is complex.When passing through deep soft-rock mass under non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field,tunnels will suffer serious asymmetric deformation.There is no available support design method for tunnels under such a situation in existing studies to clarify the support time and support stiffness.This study first analyzed the mechanical behavior of tunnels in non-hydrostatic in-situ stress field and derived the theoretical equations of the ground squeezing curve(GSC)and ground loosening curve(GLC).Then,based on the convergence confinement theory,the support design method of deep soft-rock tunnels under non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field was established considering both squeezing and loosening pressures.In addition,this method can provide the clear support time and support stiffness of the second layer of initial support.The proposed design method was applied to the Wanhe tunnel of the China-Laos railway in China.Monitoring data indicated that the optimal support scheme had a good effect on controlling the tunnel deformation in non-hydrostatic high in-situ stress field.Field applications showed that the secondary lining could be constructed properly.
